浙江省温州市流动人口涂阳肺结核项目管理效果分析

目的评价温州市流动人口涂阳肺结核病项目管理效果;为结核病控制规划提供科学依据.方法对门诊登记确诊的流动人口涂阳肺结核病人提供免费查治和实施DOTS管理.结果流动人口初治涂阳治愈率86.0%,复治涂阳治愈率76.0%;与全省常住人口初治治愈率85.6%一致,但是明显高于全省流动人口治愈率平均值61.5%.结论温州市加强流动人口结核病控制项目管理效果显著,DOTS策略得到扩展.     

浙江省温州市流动人口涂阳肺结核项目管理效果分析

目的　评价温州市流动人口涂阳肺结核病项目管理效果;为结核病控制规划提供科学依据。方法 对门诊登记确诊的流动人口涂阳肺结核病人提供免费查治和实施DOTS管理。结果 流动人口初治涂阳治愈率86.0%,复治涂阳治愈率76.0%;与全省常住人口初治治愈率85.6%一致,但是明显高于全省流动人口治愈率平均值61.5%。结论 温州市加强流动人口结核病控制项目管理效果显著,DOTS策略得到扩展。     

惠州市外来人口涂阳肺结核患者治疗效果分析

目的　总结外来人口肺结核病的管理及治疗效果。为将外来人口纳入区域结核病控制规划提供科学依据。方法 对门诊登记确诊的外来人口肺结核病人提供免费诊治和实施DOTS管理。结果 2 0 0 1— 2 0 0 2年对 4 5 0例暂住半年以上的外来人口的涂阳肺结核患者进行治疗。初治涂阳治愈率 90 .9% ,复治涂阳治愈率 85 %,接近常住户口肺结核病人的治疗效果。结论 加强外来人口结核病的管治力度 ,进一步完善各项管理措施 ,可取到与常住人口同样的治疗效果。     

Beneficial effect of anti-interleukin-4 antibody when administered in a murine model of tuberculosis infection

There remains much controversy surrounding the role of Th2 cytokines, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4), in tuberculosis infection. Here we demonstrate that anti-IL-4 antibody, administered as a pulse during the early or late stages of murine infection, can provide significant reductions in the bacterial burden. The fact that substantial benefit can be achieved when treatment is administered during established infection strengthens the view that clinical interventions aimed at suppressing the IL-4 component of the host immune response seen in tuberculosis patients may be beneficial.     

广东省东莞市暂住人口结核病控制项目治疗效果分析

目的 掌握暂住人口结核病控制项目管理和治疗的效果，方法 对在东莞市确诊并登记的暂住人口肺结核病人提供与常住人口相同的免费诊疗政策和实施DOTS管理。结果 对2001年8月-2004年6月登记的1171例在东莞市居住满6个月以上暂住人口的初治涂阳和有空洞或血行播散性涂阴肺结核病人进行管理和治疗。初治涂阳治愈率98．5％，达到常住人口治疗效果。结论 对暂住人口肺结核病人实施DOTS策略是可行和有效的。     

Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of latent and active tuberculosis in inflammatory joint diseases candidates for therapy with tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors: March 2008 update

The Portuguese Society of Rheumatology and the Portuguese Society of Pulmonology have updated the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active tuberculosis (ATB) in patients with inflammatory joint diseases (IJD) that are candidates to therapy with tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) antagonists. In order to reduce the risk of tuberculosis (TB) reactivation and the incidence of new infections, TB screening is recommended to be done as soon as possible, ideally at the moment of IJD diagnosis, and patient assessment repeated before starting anti-TNFalpha therapy. Treatment for ATB and LTBI must be done under the care of a TB specialist. When TB treatment is indicated, it should be completed prior to starting anti-TNFalpha therapy. If the IJD activity justifies the need for immediate treatment, anti-TNFalpha therapy can be started two months after antituberculous therapy has been initiated, in the case of ATB, and one month after in the case of LTBI. Chest X-ray is mandatory for all patients. If Gohn s complex is present, the patient should be treated for LTBI; healed lesions require the exclusion of ATB. In cases of suspected active lesions ATB should be excluded/confirmed and adequate therapy initiated. Tuberculin skin test, with two units of RT23, should be performed in all patients. If the induration is <5 mm, the test should be repeated within 1 to 2 weeks, on the opposite forearm, and will be considered negative only if the result is again <5 mm. Positive TST implicates LTBI treatment, unless previous proper treatment was provided. If TST is performed in immunossuppressed IJD patients, LTBI treatment should be offered to the patient before starting anti-TNFalpha therapy, even in the presence of a negative test, after risk/benefit assessment.     

广东省东莞市暂住人口结核病控制项目治疗效果分析

目的　掌握暂住人口结核病控制项目管理和治疗的效果,方法 对在东莞市确诊并登记的暂住人口肺结核病人提供与常住人口相同的免费诊疗政策和实施DOTS管理。结果 对2001年8月—2004年6月登记的1171例在东莞市居住满6个月以上暂住人口的初治涂阳和有空洞或血行播散性涂阴肺结核病人进行管理和治疗。初治涂阳治愈率98.5%,达到常住人口治疗效果。结论 对暂住人口肺结核病人实施DOTS策略是可行和有效的。     

The current role of thoracic surgery in tuberculosis management

Although tuberculosis is mainly managed medically today, thoracic surgery continues to play a key role in its diagnosis and treatment in selected subgroups of patients. In certain scenarios such as multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis, advanced tuberculous empyema and symptomatic bronchial stenosis, modern thoracic surgery may represent the only effective means of management in selected patients. Advances in thoracic surgery in recent years, in particular the use of Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery, not only reduce postoperative morbidity for individual patients, but may potentially allow a wider range of tuberculosis patients to benefit from surgery. Respiratory physicians and thoracic surgeons should continue to work together to ensure that tuberculosis patients who may benefit from surgery are identified for prompt and effective intervention.     

Tuberculosis. A chemotherapeutic triumph but a persistent socioeconomic problem.

There is evidence that man has suffered from tuberculosis for more than 5,000 years, and through crowded living conditions, debilitation, and malnutrition, tuberculosis became epidemic in Western civilization and was a major cause of mortality. Identification of the tubercle bacillus as the causative agent in 1882 firmly established the infectious nature of the disease and the development of sanatoriums soon followed. Before the advent of effective chemotherapeutic agents, treatment involved rest, diet, and various surgical procedures, which were of little or no benefit to the patient. The discovery of dihydrostreptomycin, aminosalicylic acid, and isoniazid in the late 1940s and early 1950s meant that tuberculosis was now entirely curable in virtually all patients. Despite these effective chemotherapeutic and preventive agents, tuberculosis has receded to socioeconomically disadvantaged urban and rural areas, where the incidence parallels that of developing countries. Conquest of the disease will require improved health care delivery to the indigent and dispossessed.     

脊柱结核抗结核药物化学治疗的思考

脊柱结核是最常见的肺外结核之一,随着现代影像学、实验室诊断技术的不断进步,脊柱结核的确诊率逐年增高。脊柱结核的治疗原则以抗结核药物化学治疗为根本,营养支持、手术治疗为辅助。作者就脊柱结核化学治疗的特点、时机、方案制定、药物选择、疗程、局部化学治疗、停药指征等进行阐述,为临床治疗提供参考。     

中国全球基金结核病项目地区流动人口结核病患者对就诊服务的满意度调查分析

目的 了解中国全球基金结核病项目地区流动人口肺结核患者对结核病就诊服务的满意程度,为进一步改善流动人口结核病医疗服务提供依据。 方法 2006年10月1日至2012年6月30日期间,选取中国全球基金项目地区作为研究现场,采取单纯随机抽样抽取12个项目省的31个县（区）作为患者满意度调查的项目县（区）,通过问卷调查了解满意程度,共发放问卷614份,得到有效问卷607份,有效应答率98.9%（607/614）。利用软件EpiData 3.1并采用双录入的方法进行数据录入,通过软件SPSS 17.0对数据进行统计学分析。采用卡方检验对可能影响患者满意度的因素进行相关性分析。所有P值均表示双侧概率,P〈0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果 患者对结核病就诊服务总体满意度为77.9%（473/607）。各方面满意度从高到低是：对医护人员接诊服务态度满意度（88.6%,538/607）、医生所介绍的肺结核相关知识满意度（84.0%,510/607）、对就诊流程方便性满意度（82.4%,500/607）、目前的免费政策和诊断治疗所需的花费满意度（60.5%,367/607）。不同年龄段、痰菌类型的患者满意度情况有差别,其中在“健康宣教”方面,涂阳患者的满意度为86.6%（207/239）,与涂阴患者的满意度（79.6%,293/368）相比较高,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=4.878,P=0.027）;在“补助效果”方面,涂阳患者的满意度为67.8%（145/214）,与涂阴患者的满意度（57.8%,190/329）相比较高（χ^2=5.174,P=0.023）;在“就诊流程”方面,50岁以上患者的满意度为92.0%（81/88）与＜30岁组（78.2%,204/261）和30～岁组（83.3%,215/258）相比较高,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=9.023,P=0.011）。 结论 目前流动人口肺结核患者对结核病就诊服务整体满意度较好,但仍需改进就诊流程,同时需进一步扩大免费政策,降低患者诊疗服务所需花费,从而进一步提高患者满意度。     

Management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and patients in retreatment.

Retreatment of tuberculosis involves the management of entities as diverse as relapse, failure, treatment after default, and poor patient adherence to the previous treatment. The emergence of conditions for selection of resistance (failure and partial abandonment) is a matter of great concern. The development of a retreatment regimen for tuberculosis requires consideration of certain basic premises. The importance of a comprehensive and directed history of drugs taken in the past, and the limited reliability of susceptibility tests to many of these drugs, should be kept in mind. Taking this into account, and possessing a thorough knowledge of all anti-tuberculosis medications, it is possible to cure almost all patients with an appropriate retreatment regimen including a minimum of three or four drugs not previously used. Nonetheless, the treatment of these patients is so complex that it should only be carried out by experienced staff. Concern about treating tuberculosis patients with drug resistance varies greatly depending on the available resources. High-income countries should provide individual treatment regimens adapted to each patient; however, in other settings, restricted resources could justify the implementation of standardised therapeutic guidelines with second-line drugs in order to facilitate management and reduce costs.     

肿瘤坏死因子-α拮抗剂引发结核二例分析并文献复习

目的 提高临床医生对肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α州拈抗剂治疗引发结核的认识.方法 报道2例类风湿关节炎(RA)患者经TNF-α拮抗剂治疗后发生结核病的临床情况,并复习近年国内外相关文献.结果 病例1在3个月内接受4次英夫利昔3 ms/ks静脉注射治疗后出现右锁骨上淋巴结结核,手术切除及四联抗结核治疗后痊愈.病例2接受依那西普25 mg皮下注射2次/周治疗1.5个月后发生肺结核瘤,手术切除后好转.文献复习显示TNF-α拮抗剂治疗可增加结核的发病率,英夫利昔的致结核作用强于依那西普,发生结核的患者多为老年人,肺外结核及播散性结核的发生率较高.结论 TNF-α拮抗剂治疗可增加结核的发病率,治疗前结核筛查、治疗期间及治疗后监测结核的发生很有必要.     

Massive gastrointestinal tubercolsis in a young patient without immunosupression

Although the lung is the major site for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, gastrointestinal involvement can be present as part of multiorgan disease process or, less commenly, can be seen as primary gastrointestinal tuberculosis. In the cases where the culture is negative, it can be difficult to differantiate tuberculosis from Crohn's disease based on both the clinical and histological features.When side effects of classic antimycobacteria are encountered,we can initially add ciprofloxacin to the treatment of tuberculosis. We reported a case of 19-yr-old patient, who was treated as Crohn's disease and worsen. We began to tuberculosis treatment, and the patient improved clinically and histologically. The main point in this case is that widespread involvement of gastrointestinal tract can be brought about by non resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis even in immunocompetent patients.     

Massive gastrointestinal tuberculosis in a young patient without immunosuppression

Although the lung is the major site for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, gastrointestinal involvement can be present as part of multiorgan disease process or, lesscommenly, can be seen as primary gastrointestinal tuberculosis. In the cases where the culture is negative, it can be difficult to differantiate tuberculosis from Crohn‘‘s disease based on both the clinical and histological features. When side effects of classic antimycobacteria are encountered, we can initially add ciprofloxacin to the treatment of tuberculosis. We reported a case of 19-yr-old patient, who was treated as Crohn‘‘s disease and worsen. We began to tuberculosis treatment, and the patient improved clinically and histologically. The main point in this case is that widespread involvement of gastrointestinal tract can be brought about by non resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis even in immunocompetent patients.     

耐多药肺结核治疗的近期临床观察

目的分析耐多药肺结核患者采用3CDLfxPtoZ/9DLfxPtoZ方案治疗的近期临床效果。方法 2002年10月至2005年12月收治的100例耐多药肺结核患者,采用3CDLfxPtoZ/9DLfxPtoZ方案治疗,疗程中进行痰结核分枝杆菌检查和肝功能检查,疗程的3、6、9、12个月摄X线胸片。结果 100例完成疗程时痰菌转阴率88.0%,病灶吸收率94.0%,空洞闭合率88.6%。肝功能异常率12.0%,无1例因药物不良反应停药。结论对耐多药肺结核采用方3CDLfxPtoZ/9DLfxPtoZ方案,近期效果满意,药物不良反应轻微,但其确切效果尚需进一步评价。     

流动人口肺结核病人垮地区管理摸式研究效果评价

目的通过对流动人口肺结核病人的垮地区管理的实施摸式研究,探索出一套科学实用和易于操作的长效管理机制和实施摸式,并对管理效果进行科学评价。方法选择2008年l月—2009年12月在深圳流动人口肺结核病人相对较多的湖南省邵阳和湘西两地区作为跨地区管理摸式研究点。建立起地区间的合作机制,从而确保流动人口肺结核病人流而不丢。结果实施流动人口肺结核病人垮地区管理摸式研究后,病人丢失率由实施前的32%降至实施后的3%,规则治疗率由实施前的67%增至97%。结论流动人口肺结核病人垮地区管理摸式研究表明;不管病人在何处发病或在治疗中迁往何地,都能确保病人规则治疗,不会因病人工作或住址的变更而影响治疗效果,从而极大的提高了治愈率,减少了流动性传染源,对控制结核病流性具有十分重要的意义。     

肺结核患者关怀与支持干预研究进展

患者关怀与支持是影响肺结核治疗结局的重要因素。笔者对肺结核患者关怀与支持发展历程及意义、国内外研究进展、具体干预措施等方面进行介绍,为制定和实施系统、规范、完善、可行的患者关怀与支持措施提供思路,为改善患者治疗体验、健康结局和提高生活质量提供借鉴。     

70例肺结核患者心理特征分析

目的研究肺结核患者的心理健康状况,为完善肺结核综合治疗提供社会心理学依据。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对70例肺结核病人进行评定。结果肺结核病人偏执、人际关系均分低于国内常模,有显著性差异(0.05>P>0.01)。余项因子均分及阳性项目数明显高于常模,以躯体化、精神病性、焦虑、忧郁为突出(P<0.01);女性心理障碍严重程度高于男性(P<0.05),中年组抑郁程度超过青、老年组(P<0.05);文化程度在高中及以上者的心理障碍程度均超过初中及以下者(P<0.05)。病程长组心理障碍程度高于病程短组(P<0.05)。结论肺结核患者心理健康状况较差,广度大,在进行躯体治疗时应实施针对性心理干预和支持性心理治疗。     

Device-related Mycobacterium mageritense Infection in a Patient Treated with Nivolumab for Metastatic Breast Cancer

Treatment with anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) antibodies improves the anti-cancer immune response and can provide a meaningful clinical benefit to cancer patients. However, this treatment can result in specific autoimmune toxicities, termed immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Although irAEs are well recognized, the development of infectious diseases due to this treatment is not often observed. Some recent reports have indicated that patients who receive anti-PD-1 antibodies are at a higher risk for tuberculosis than others. However, reports on nontuberculous mycobacterial infection during anti-PD-1 antibody treatment are still rare. We herein report the first case of Mycobacterium mageritense infection during anti-PD-1 antibody treatment.