高敏C反应蛋白和心型脂肪酸结合蛋白对不稳定性心绞痛患者心脏意外事件的影响

目的探讨高敏 C 反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和心型脂肪酸结合蛋白(heart fatty acid bindingprotein,h-FABP)对不稳定性心绞痛(UAP)患者心脏意外事件的影响。方法将住院的心绞痛患者分成稳定性和不稳定性两组。其中,稳定性心绞痛(SAP)患者74例,男45例,女29例;UAP 患者56例,男29例,女27例。分别检测其血清 hs-CRP、h-FABP、心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTn-I)和肌酸激酶-MB(CK-MB)的含量,并于2周内观察各组发生心脏意外事件的情况。并抽取同期门诊健康体检者50例作为对照组。结果 UAP 组的心脏意外事件发生率为26.8%,高于 SAP 组的10.53%(P<0.05);对照组无心脏意外事件发生。SAP 和 UAP 组患者血清 hs-CRP 的含量分别为(1.78±0.62)mg/L 和(7.64±2.18)mg/L,高于对照组的(0.59±0.27)mg/L(P<0.05,P<0.01);SAP 和 UAP 组血清h-FABP 的含量分别为(3.15±2.61)μg/L 和(16.46±5.28)μg/L,高于对照组的(1.83±0.75)μg/L(P<0.05,P<0.01);SAP 患者血清 cTn-I 的含量为(0.67±0.09)μg/L,与对照组(0.47±0.12)μg/L比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。UAP 组和 UAP 组中的Ⅲ级患者的血清 cTn-I 含量分别为(1.28±0.43)μg/L 和(2.14±1.49)μg/L,高于对照组的(0.47±0.12)μg/L(P<0.01)。而 UAP 组Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级患者其 cTn-1的含量为(0.53±0.13)μg/L 和(0.74±0.37)μg/L,与对照组比较差异无统计学意义;CK-MB 值各组间差异均无统计学意义。SAP 组中,发生心脏意外事件的患者其血清 hs-CRP 和 h-FABP 的含量分别为(6.32±2.06)μg/L 和(8.76±3.83)μg/L,高于对照组(P<0.01);UAP组中,发生心脏意外事件的患者其血清 hs-CRP、h-FABP 和 cTn-Ⅰ的含量分别为(9.82±3.15)μg/L、(22.21±8.87)μg/L和(2.68±0.48)μg/L,高于对照组(P<0.叭);另外,各组发生与未发生心脏意外事件的 CK-MB 值差异均无统计学意义。结论 hs-CRP、h-FABP 的联合检测较传统的心肌损伤检测指标 cTn-I 和 CK-MB 对 UAP 患者近期发生心脏意外事件的可能性具有更高的预测价值。     

不稳定型心绞痛与血胆红素的关系

目的:探讨血清胆红素水平与不稳定型心绞痛的关系。方法:心内科住院患者98例,经冠状动脉造影分成两组,冠心病(CHD)组65例,其中不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)组35例,稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组30例;非CHD组33例。均采用2,4-二氯苯胺重氮盐(DCA)比色法测定血清胆红素水平。结果:UAP组血清总胆红素(15.17±4.10)μmol/L、间接胆红素(11.31±3.12)μmol/L水平明显低于SAP组[(18.69±5.48)μmol/L,(14.27±4.06)μmol/L]和对照组[(17.86±3.53)μmol/L,(14.08±2.58)μmol/L,P0.01],而SAP组与对照组相比无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:血清胆红素水平与不稳定型心绞痛有关,有可能成为评价不稳定型心绞痛患者的生化标志物。     

阿托伐他汀对急性冠脉综合征患者血清高敏C反应蛋白和妊娠相关血浆蛋白-A水平的影响

目的探讨阿托伐他汀干预对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者血清高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和妊娠相关血浆蛋白-A(PAPP-A)水平的影响。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法测定不稳定型心绞痛患者(UAP,n=37)、急性心肌梗死患者(AMI,n=24)、稳定型心绞痛患者(SAP,n=29)和健康体检者(n=32)的hs-CRP和PAPP-A水平。同时将ACS患者(包括UAP和AMI组,n=61)随机分为常规治疗组(n=30)和阿托伐他汀干预组(阿托伐他汀10mg/d,n=31),并于治疗前后分别测定血清hs-CRP和PAPP-A水平。结果(1)hs-CRP和PAPP-A水平在UAP组[(16.7±1.24)mg/L,(63.88±1.82)μg/L]、AMI组[(18.52±1.96)mg/L,(66.41±1.24)μg/L]比SAP组[(4.6±1.16)mg/L,(47.56±0.72)μg/L]、正常对照组[(3.2±0.88)mg/L,(45.17±1.28)μg/L]显著升高(P<0.05)。(2)2周后,阿托伐他汀干预组血清hs-CRP和PAPP-A水平较治疗前明显降低[hs-CRP(18.52±2.37)mg/Lvs.(3.58±1.33)mg/L;PAPP-A(67.83±2.15)μg/Lvs.(45.62±1.58)μg/L,P<0.05],且较常规治疗组治疗2周后亦有显著降低[hs-CRP(3.58±1.33)mg/Lvs.(5.23±1.98)mg/L;PAPP-A(45.62±1.58)μg/Lvs.(51.35±2.15)μg/L,P<0.05]。结论阿托伐他汀干预可以减少急性冠脉综合征患者动脉粥样硬化斑块的炎症反应,具有稳定斑块的作用。     

血尿酸和血清超敏C反应蛋白对不稳定型心绞痛患者心脏意外事件的影响

目的探讨血尿酸(UA)和血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)对不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)患者心脏意外事件的影响。方法将住院的心绞痛患者分成稳定型心绞痛(SAP)和UAP两组,其中SAP组40例,UAP组46例,分别收集入院24h内患者血UA、血清hs-CRP和肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)的水平;并选择同期门诊体检健康者45例作为对照组,并于12周内观察各组发生心脏意外事件的情况。结果 UAP组的心脏意外事件发生率高于SAP组,对照组无心脏意外事件发生,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。SAP组和UAP组患者血UA、血清hs-CRP的水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);各组间CK-MB值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P<0.05)。SAP组中发生心脏意外事件的患者其血UA和血清hs-CRP的水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);UAP组中发生心脏意外事件患者的血UA和血清hs-CRP的水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论血UA和血清hs-CRP的联合检测对UAP患者近期发生心脏意外事件的可能性具有更高的预测价值。     

不同中医证型冠心病心绞痛患者血清超敏C反应蛋白和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的表达及意义

目的检测心血瘀阻型和气阴两虚型冠心病心绞痛患者血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)表达,探讨其临床意义。方法冠心病不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)患者64例,冠心病稳定型心绞痛(SAP)患者66例,选取60例正常体检成人作为对照组,检测血清hs-CRP和LDL-C含量。结果 UAP和SAP组患者血清hs-CRP和LDL-C表达明显高于对照组(P<0.05),UAP组患者血清hs-CRP和LDL-C表达明显高于SAP组(P<0.05),UAP组和SAP组患者中心血瘀阻型和气阴两虚型患者血清hs-CRP和LDL-C含量均差别显著(P<0.05)。结论 hs-CRP和LDL-C在冠心病心绞痛患者血清中高表达,在疾病发生发展中可能具有一定作用。二者的水平作为中医关于冠心病病机转归的客观指标,为中医同病异治及辨证辨病结合提供客观依据,可作为冠心病病情发展的一种监测指标。     

血管内皮生长因子与冠心病的关系分析

目的 通过测定不同冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(CHD)患者血清中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的水平,分析在不同情况下VEGF水平变化,并分析其与冠心病的关系.方法 选取诊断为CHD,并完成冠状动脉造影术患者142例,其中男性67例,女性75例,应用双抗夹心ELISA法检测患者血清VEGF水平.结果 不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)患者VEGF水平明显高于稳定型心绞痛(SAP)患者[(663.58±109.21)pg/ml和(537.47±29.37)pg/ml](P＜0.05);SAP患者与陈旧性心肌梗死(OMI)患者相比差异无统计学意义;SAP患者、UAP患者、OMI患者较冠状动脉造影正常者VEGF水平明显增高[(537.47±29.37)pg/ml、(663.58±109.21)pg/ml、(544.53±30.60)pg/ml和(463.58±60.12)pg/ml],(P＜0.05),而急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者发病第1天VEGF水平较SAP者无明显升高,但第2、3天VEGF水平较SAP者明显升高.结论 不同程度CHD患者中VEGF水平差异有统计学意义,VEGF与心肌缺血,以及缺血的时间密切相关,可能对于患者病情评价存在较大价值.     

血清妊娠相关血浆蛋白-A与急性冠状动脉综合征的临床相关性

目的 :探讨血清妊娠相关血浆蛋白 A(PAPP A)与急性冠状动脉综合征 (ACS)的关系。方法 :经冠状动脉造影 (CAG)确诊的冠心病患者 6 1例 ,其中ACS患者 4 6例 ,包括急性心肌梗死 (AMI) 16例 ,不稳定型心绞痛 (UAP) 30例 ;稳定型心绞痛 (SAP) 15例 ;另设CAG排除冠心病患者 2 4例作为正常对照组。运用酶联免疫吸附法测定各组血清PAPP A浓度。结果 :ACS患者组、SAP组、正常对照组血清PAPP A浓度分别为 (2 1.10±6 .95 )、(15 .2 1± 3.87)、(15 .5 0± 3.18)mIU/L ;此外 ,ACS组内AMI和UAP者血清PAPP A浓度分别为 (2 4 .79± 7.88)、(19.13± 5 .6 0 )mIU/L。SAP组与AMI及UAP者之间PAPP A浓度差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1和P<0 .0 5 ) ,SAP组与正常对照组之间差异无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;AMI与UAP者之间差异有统计学意义 (P<0 .0 5 )。血清PAPP A水平与C反应蛋白、白细胞之间呈明显的正相关。与总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血小板计数之间无明显相关性。结论 :ACS患者血清PAPP A浓度明显升高 ,与冠状动脉斑块的稳定性密切相关 ,提示其有助于冠心病的危险分型 ,可作为冠心病患者的临床监测指标之一     

老年冠心病患者血清hs-CRP、IL-6水平与不同性质斑块的关系

目的探讨老年冠心病患者血清hs-CRP、IL-6水平与不同性质斑块的关系。方法 146例冠心病患者根据临床表现分为不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)组78例、稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组68例;另取健康志愿者62例作为对照组。检测各组血清hs-CRP和IL-6水平,冠脉内超声检查患者冠脉斑块情况。结果 SAP组和UAP组血清hs-CRP、IL-6水平均明显高于对照组(P均<0.05);UAP组血清hs-CRP、IL-6水平均高于SAP组(P均<0.05);UAP组发生易损斑块比例高于SAP组(P<0.01);IL-6与脂质斑块呈正相关(r=0.238,P<0.05)。结论老年冠心病患者血清IL-6水平与脂质斑块密切相关,可作为脂质斑块的临床预测指标。     

稳定型心绞痛及急性冠脉综合征患者脑钠肽浓度的变化和意义

目的探讨冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病稳定型心绞痛(SAP)及急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者血浆脑钠肽(BNP)浓度的变化及其临床意义。方法采用荧光免疫抗原抗体结合方法测定22例冠脉造影正常、心功能正常者,15例SAP患者及64例ACS患者静脉血BNP浓度。结果ACS组血浆BNP浓度(397.57±472.12)高于SAP组(38.39±36.50)及对照组(22.15±19.90)(P<0.005,P<0.005);心梗(AMI)亚组BNP浓度(460.55±518.90)高于不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)亚组(208.62±203.18)(P<0.01)。SAP组和对照组BNP浓度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论ACS患者血浆BNP浓度明显升高,心梗较不稳定型心绞痛患者变化更为明显,说明心肌缺血是BNP释放的重要刺激因素。     

不同类型冠心病患者血清C-反应蛋白与白细胞介素-6比较

目的从临床角度结合冠状动脉造影结果分析不同类型冠心病(CHD)患者血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)浓度差异,探讨炎症反应及冠状动脉狭窄程度在CHD发生发展中的作用以及两者的相互关系.方法检测13例急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者(AMI组)、40例不稳定型心绞痛患者(UAP组)、32例稳定型心绞痛患者(SAP组)以及62例正常者(对照组)血清CRP、IL-6浓度,并结合冠状动脉狭窄程度分析不同类型CHD患者血清CRP和IL-6浓度差异,对血清CRP、IL-6及冠状动脉病变积分进行相关分析.结果CHD组患者血清CRP、IL-6显著高于对照组[(5.08±2.44)∶(2.32±1.23) mg/L、(15.51±3.54)∶(11.56±3.28) ng/L],均P<0.01.AMI组与UAP组间血清CRP、IL-6比较差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05),但均显著高于SAP组(P<0.05),SAP组血清CRP、IL-6均显著高于对照组(P<0.05).血清CRP与IL-6显著性相关(r=0.55,P<0.01).血清CRP、IL-6分别与冠状动脉病变积分显著性相关,相关系数分别为0.57和0.43,均P<0.01.结论不同类型CHD患者炎症反应水平不同,冠状动脉病变越广泛,血清CRP、IL-6水平增高越多,血清CRP、IL-6增高可能是CHD的重要危险因素.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis： Randomized,placebo-controlled pilot study

AIM： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine （NAC） co-administration with mesalamine in ulcerative colitis （UC） patients.
METHODS： Thirty seven patients with mild to moderate UC were randomized to receive a four-wk course of oral mesalamine （2.4 g/d） plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （0.8 g/d） （group A） or mesalamine plus placebo （group B）. Patients were monitored using the Modified Truelove-Witts Severity Index （MTWSI）. The primary endpoint was clinical remission （MTWSI ≤ 2） at 4 wk. Secondary endpoints were clinical response （defined as a reduction from baseline in the MTWSI of ≥ 2 points） and drug safety. The serum TNF-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and MCP-1 were evaluated at baseline and at 4 wk of treatment. RESULTS： Analysis per-protocol criteria showed clinical remission rates of 63% and 50% after 4 wk treatment with mesalamine plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （group A） and mesalamine plus placebo （group B） respectively （OR = 1.71; 95% CI： 0.46 to 6.36; P = 0.19; NNT = 7.7）. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） of data indicated a significant reduction of MTWSI in group A （P = 0.046） with respect to basal condition without significant changes in the group B （P = 0.735） during treatment. Clinical responses were 66% （group A） vs 44% （group B） after 4 wk of treatment （OR = 2.5; 95% CI： 0.64 to 9.65; P = 0.11; NNT = 4.5）. Clinical improvement in group A correlated with a decrease of IL-8 and MCP-1. Rates of adverse events did not differ significantly between both groups.
CONCLUSION： In group A （oral NAC combined with mesalamine） contrarily to group B （mesalamine alone）, the clinical improvement correlates with a decrease of chemokines such as MCP-1 and IL-8. NAC addition not produced any side effects.     

Delorme's transrectal excision for internal rectal prolapse

Surgical therapy of functional outlet obstruction in patients with internal rectal intussusception may include abdominal, perineal, or transrectal procedures. Because abdominal procedures often result in significant physiologic impact but unrelieved constipation, the authors have elected Delorme's transrectal excision for management of these patients. Since a short-term placebo effect attends many therapies, this report describes results of transrectal excision only after a threeyear postoperative period. Delorme's transrectal excision of internal intussusception accomplished sustained symptomatic relief in over 70 percent of otherwise refractory constipated patients. The association of internal intussusception with other abnormalities underscores the importance of defining both anatomic and functional components when selecting patients whose constipation may require surgical therapy. Critical technical elements, surgical pitfalls, and potential complications of the procedure are discussed.Poster presentation at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Toronto, Canada, June 11 to 16, 1989.     

The oral glucose tolerance test: A comparison of the time points on the basis of limit values,normal dispersion,and reproducibility

Summary Time points in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) are compared on the basis of limit values, dispersion within a reference population, and reproducibility. We suggest using the distance between a limit value and the median reference value as a measure of the magnitude of abnormality. The distance between 140 mg/100 ml and the median fasting plasma glucose value is chosen as a standard distance and limits for other points in the GTT are calculated to equal this standard distance of abnormality. We suggest that the probability of correctly interpreting an inividual result is directly related to the reproducibility of the test and inversely related to the percentage of the total range of values which is dispersed among the normal population. The ratio of reproducibility to percentage normal dispersion is proposed as an index of the probability of correctly interpreting an individual result. According to this index, the probability of correct interpretation varies in order: fasting plasma glucose concentration>3-h>2-h>0.5-h>1-h plasma glucose concentration.