精神分裂症患者家属焦虑状况及其相关因素分析

目的探讨精神分裂症患者家属焦虑状况及相关因素,为综合性心理干预提供依据。方法采用状态-特质焦虑量表及自制一般资料调查问卷对336名精神分裂症患者家属进行调查分析。结果精神分裂症患者家属状态焦虑得分显著高于国内常模(t=6.09,P0.001),男性家属特质焦虑得分显著高于国内常模(t=3.20,P0.01)。结论精神分裂症患者家属普遍存在不同程度的焦虑情绪,特质焦虑是状态焦虑的主要影响因素。     

421名新兵的状态—特质焦虑与相关因素

目的:量化评估某部新兵状态-特质焦虑的特点及与相关因素间的关系。方法:采用状态-特质量表、应对方式问卷、症状自评量表、自尊量表对2013年首次夏秋季入伍421名新兵进行团体测定。结果:1新兵状态-特质焦虑与全国常模差异显著(t=4.077,4.222;P0.05);新兵的状态焦虑显著低于中国大学生常模(t=-5.468,P0.05),特质焦虑与中国大学生常模无显著差异;2独生子女在状态-特质焦虑上显著高于非独生子女(t=3.439,2.884;P0.05);来自城市与农村的新兵在状态焦虑、特质焦虑上无显著差异;3状态焦虑、特质焦虑分别与解决问题、求助和自尊呈显著负相关(P0.01),与自责、幻想、退避、合理化及SCL-90因子及总分呈显著正相关(P0.01),状态焦虑与特质焦虑呈正相关(P0.01);4对状态焦虑影响大小依次是特质焦虑、抑郁、自尊、躯体化、解决问题;对特质焦虑影响大小依次是状态焦虑、自尊、自责、人际关系、解决问题。结论:新兵的状态-特质焦虑高于中国全国常模,状态焦虑低于中国大学生,独生子女出现较多状态-特质焦虑,状态-特质焦虑与自尊、应对方式、心理健康关系密切,对状态-特质焦虑共同影响的因子是自尊和解决问题。     

潮汕地区流动儿童自尊与焦虑现状的关系研究

目的探讨潮汕地区流动儿童自尊水平及其与状态-特质焦虑的关系。方法采用自尊量表(SES)和状态-特质焦虑问卷(STAI),以潮汕地区的小学五、六年级和初中一年级的流动儿童509名、本地儿童312名为被试进行问卷调查。结果①潮汕地区流动儿童的自尊水平显著低于本地儿童(t=-4.25,P<0.001)、状态-特质焦虑量表上的得分差异不显著(t=1.58,0.71,P>0.05);②流动儿童的自尊发展水平和状态焦虑在性别上差异不显著(t=-0.911,1.010,P>0.05),在特质焦虑上差异显著(t=2.264,P<0.05);③不同年级流动儿童在自尊发展水平上存在显著差异(F=4.470,P<0.01)、在状态-特质焦虑上的差异不显著(F=0.063,0.986,P>0.05);④流动儿童的自尊与状态焦虑、特质焦虑都有显著的负相关(P<0.001),自尊对状态焦虑和特质焦虑均有显著负向预测作用。结论潮汕地区流动儿童自尊水平与焦虑呈负相关,且由自尊水平可以在一定程度上推测焦虑的程度。     

应激情景对特质-状态焦虑及健康归因的影响

目的:探讨应激情景(SARS)中,特质焦虑的稳定性变化、状态焦虑的唤醒及健康状况的归因.方法:在自然发生的应激情景(SARS)中,用<状态-特质焦虑问卷>和<多维度健康状况心理控制源量表>对568名大学生进行问卷调查.结果:非应激期,被试的特质焦虑高于状态焦虑,应激情景中状态焦虑高于特质焦虑,不同时段之间特质焦虑水平差异显著(P＜0.001); 应激初期,低特质组的状态焦虑唤醒幅度大于高特质组, 差异明显(P＜0.001);被试间的健康状况心理控制源亦不相同.结论:应激情景下特质焦虑失去原有的稳定性,应激初期状态焦虑水平具有倾同性,但其健康归因各异.说明每一个人在重大应激事件中都需要社会的支持.     

研究生焦虑与社会支持、自我效能的相关性

目的研究重点理工科大学硕士研究生面临毕业时的焦虑状态及其相关因素,为学校有效地开展心理健康教育提供依据。方法使用状态-特质焦虑量表(STAI)、领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)、一般自我效能感量表(GSES)对广东某重点理工大学2010级硕士毕业生进行测评。结果男女生状态焦虑均显著高于地方常模(男生t=2.69,P0.01,女生t=4.26,P0.001),且女生特质焦虑也显著高于地方常模(t=2.37,P0.05);高状态焦虑组和高特质焦虑组自我效能得分均高于低状态焦虑组和低特质焦虑组(t=2.11,2.89;P0.05和P0.01),而家庭支持、朋友支持、其他支持、总的社会支持分则显著低于低状态焦虑组和低特质焦虑组(t=5.13,6.72,6.31,6.90,7.09,8.02,8.11,8.69;P0.001);按标准回归系数绝对值大小计算,影响状态焦虑的因素由强到弱依次为总的社会支持、考试成绩、自我效能、性别(t=-7.675,2.472,2.268,2.042;P0.001或P0.05);而影响特质焦虑的因素则为总的社会支持、自我效能、性别(t=-9.723,2.722,2.372;P0.05)。结论硕士研究生比普通人更容易处于焦虑状态,考试成绩越差,状态焦虑和特质焦虑也越高,自我效能感越高的学生则状态焦虑和特质焦虑在一定程度上也越高。     

学习动机、焦虑、人际信任对中学生自尊的影响研究

目的探讨学习动机、焦虑、人际信任等因素对中学生自尊的影响及具体影响路径。方法以自尊量表、学习动机量表、特质焦虑量表、人际信任量表、社交焦虑量表为研究工具,对212名高中生进行测验。结果性别和年级在自尊分数上有交互作用（F=4.32,P〈0.05）。在高二年级时,男生的自尊水平明显高于女生的自尊水平,其它年级学生自尊水平性别差异不显著;高中生自尊与学习动机、特质焦虑、人际信任、社交焦虑有密切相关（P〈0.01）;特质焦虑、社交焦虑对自尊的影响显著。在特质焦虑对自尊的影响中,社交焦虑和学习动机的中介效应显著（Z=2.01,P〈0.05;Z=1.49,P〈0.05）。结论自尊与学习动机、特质焦虑、人际信任、社交焦虑有关。高二男生的自尊水平较高。     

射击射箭运动员功能性胃肠症状与状态-特质焦虑的相关性研究

目的探讨优秀射击射箭运动员功能性胃肠症状与状态-特质焦虑的相关性,考察功能性胃肠症状作为初步筛选焦虑运动员指标的可靠性。方法用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、功能性胃肠病罗马型诊断标准中功能性胃肠症状条目及焦虑状态-特质问卷(STAI)对上海市38名优秀射击射箭运动员测评并进行比较分析。结果 1运动员个体功能性胃肠道症状的数量与状态焦虑正相关(r=0.692,P0.01),与特质焦虑正相关(r=0.682,P0.01);2与运动员状态焦虑主要相关的功能性胃肠症状为反酸(t=2.118,P=0.042)、恶心(t=2.271,P=0.030)、腹泻(t=3.289,P=0.002);与运动员特质焦虑主要相关的功能性胃肠症状为反酸(t=2.678,P=0.011)、恶心(t=2.496,P=0.018)、呕吐(t=2.606,P=0.014)。结论在优秀射击射箭运动员中,反酸、恶心、呕吐、腹泻及功能性胃肠症状的数量可以作为初步筛选焦虑运动员的指标。     

医学生的孤独感及自尊、生活事件对孤独感影响

目的:了解医学生孤独的现状,探讨自尊、生活事件对孤独感的影响。方法:采用状态与特质性孤独量表和自尊量表(SES)及青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)对500名医学院大学生进行评定。结果:有许多的医学生表示经常体验到孤独(状态孤独:50.8%,特质孤独:51.4%)。医学生的特质孤独在是否是贫困生、家所在地上差异显著(t=2.683,3.248;P0.01);医学生的孤独分数与自尊、生活事件相关显著(r=-0.407,P0.001);状态孤独与生活事件(r=0.315,P0.001),特质孤独与自尊(r=-0.362,P0.001),特质孤独与生活事件(r=0.340,P0.001)相关显著,自尊和生活事件可以作为孤独的有效预测指标(P0.001)。结论医学生受孤独困扰的情形较为普遍,自尊得分低的或生活事件得分高的医学生其孤独得分都高,医学高校的心理学工作者应该加强对大学生孤独心理的干预工作。     

精神分裂症患者子女心理调查研究

目的探讨精神分裂症患者子女心理状态及个性特征,以期早期预防精神分裂症的发生。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)及艾森克个性量表(EPQ)对180名精神分裂症患者子女(研究组)进行心理测试和评定,并将结果与常模对照分析研究。结果研究组在SCL-90评定中躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、精神病等因子分高于常模(t=15.54,2.89,15.29,11.23,2.70;P<0.05),EPQ评定男女N分均高于常模(t=4.07,5.67;P<0.05),E分低于常模(t=6.63,5.18;P<0.05)。结论分裂症子女存在显明心理问题,具有不良的性格特征。     

新时期大学新生心理适应能力与焦虑状况

目的 了解新时期大学新生的心理适应能力和焦虑状况,为新生入学教育、心理健康教育提供新的依据.方法 采取分层随机抽样的方法,选取河南省2所高校的2011级386名大一新生作为被试,在入学2个月后进行现场测试,分别用大学生心理适应能力自测问卷、状态—特质焦虑问卷(STAI)、社交焦虑量表(IAS)进行调查.结果 ①大学新生的心理适应能力从很强、良好、一般、较差到很差的频数分布分别为16(4.1％)、24(6.2％)、92(23.8％)、150(38.9％)、104(26.9％);②男生的社交焦虑得分高于女生(t=2.77,P＜0.05);对专业较满意学生的心理适应能力得分高于对专业不满意的学生(t=3.03,P＜0.01);家庭气氛和谐学生的心理适应得分高于家庭不和谐的学生(t=3.14,P＜0.01),而3个焦虑量表的得分均低于不和谐的学生;曾被群体排斥过的学生其心理适应能力显著低于其他学生(t =-2.90,P＜0.01),而社交焦虑和特质焦虑得分则显著高于其他学生(t=2.86,4.22,P＜0.01,0.001);③心理适应与社交焦虑、状态焦虑、特质焦虑均为负相关,而社交焦虑与状态焦虑、特质焦虑呈正相关(|r| =0.42～0.71;P均＜0.01).回归分析表明特质焦虑、社交焦虑对新生心理适应水平有较强的预测性.结论 新时期大学新生的心理适应能力急需重视和提高;心理适应能力受到社交因素及焦虑状况的影响;心理适应能力与焦虑状况呈负相关.     

儿童精神分裂症患者依恋特征及相关因素

目的:探讨儿童精神分裂症患者的依恋特征及相关因素。方法:71例南京脑科医院儿童门诊或病房儿童精神分裂症患者为病例组,普通中小学正常儿童及青少年128名为对照组。用亲密关系经历量表、青少年依恋问卷、家庭环境量表中文版和父母养育方式量表对儿童及其父母实施调查。结果:①病例组家庭依恋的依赖性分数(11.96±2.33)显著高于对照组(11.10±2.70);家庭依恋的焦虑性分数(9.28±2.72)非常显著高于对照组(8.48±2.54);朋友依恋的亲和性分数(14.75±3.49)非常显著低于对照组(15.83±2.80);朋友依恋的消极性分数(8.85±3.05)显著高于对照组(7.34±2.56)。②Logistic回归分析表明,家庭依恋的依赖性,朋友依恋的消极性、父亲的焦虑、家庭环境的控制性,父亲偏爱被试、父亲拒绝否认、母亲惩罚严厉为儿童精神分裂症的危险因素;家庭环境的亲密度是保护因素。结论:儿童精神分裂症患者依恋特征与正常人有差异,可能与家庭环境和父母养育方式有关。     

独生子女精神分裂症患者父母心理状况调查

目的探讨独生子女首发精神分裂症患者父母的心理健康状况。方法采用SCL-90症状自评量表评定80例首发精神分裂症的独生子女患者父母．所得资料与中国常模比较。结果精神分裂症患者父母的阳性项目数高于全国常模（P〈0．01），各个因子分与常模比较．均明显高于常模（P〈0．05），尤以躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、人际关系、敌对因子显著。结论精神分裂症患者严重影响了父母的工作、生活，造成父母心理障碍，医护人员在对患者进行治疗时，还应注重对患者父母认知、情绪和行为的改善，提高其社会适应能力，改善对待患者的态度。     

The Role of Parental Emotional Distress in Parent Report of Child Anxiety

Evaluated the role of maternal and paternal emotional distress in parent report of anxiety in their child. Participants were 239 children (ages 7.5 to 15 years) diagnosed with a primary anxiety disorder and their parents (193 fathers, 238 mothers). Parents individually completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children-Parent Version (a report of the child's anxiety). Children completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children. Mothers and fathers reported more anxiety in their children than the children reported themselves. No significant relations were found between parental anxiety and parent report of child anxiety. When we examined girls only, both maternal and paternal BDI scores were significant predictors of parent report of the child's anxiety after we controlled for parental anxiety. Separate analyses by child age revealed that parent reports of child anxiety were more correlated with the self-reports of younger children. The implications of these findings are discussed.     

Predicting schizophrenia outcome with self-report measures of family interaction

This study is based on 18 patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of schizophrenia who currently were living with one or both parents. Patients and parents completed several questionnaire, including the Parental Bonding Index (PBI), the Family Environment Scale (FES), the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ), and the Brief Symptoms Inventory. Observer ratings of patients' symptoms also were made. Outcome was predicted best by patients' ratings of mothers on the PBI and by mothers' scores on the HDHQ Criticism of Others scale. Other significant outcome predictors were the number of previous admissions to hospital, patients' scores on the HDHQ Projected Hostility scale and the FES Expressiveness scale, and fathers' scores on the FES Achievement-Orientation scale.     

MMPI Vulnerability Indicators for Schizophrenia and Attention Deficit Disorder: UCLA Family Study of Biological Parents of Offspring with Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia or ADHD

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) scores were examined for 50 parents of children with an onset of schizophrenia prior to 14 years of age, 153 parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and 168 parents of community comparison children. The parents were participants in the UCLA Family Study. The mean scores on all standard MMPI scales were within normal limits for all three groups of participants. Parents of schizophrenia probands were significantly higher on scale Sc than parents of community comparison children. Previous research has shown that scale Sc may be associated with a genetic liability to developing schizophrenia. Thus, scale Sc shows promise as an indicator of a heightened risk for the development of schizophrenia. The parents of the ADHD probands were significantly higher on standard clinical scale Pd than community comparison parents. Mothers of both schizophrenia and ADHD probands shared some personality indicators of stress reactivity. Although this study, like all non-adoptee family studies, cannot disentangle genetic effects on the development of these personality characteristics from environmental effects, we speculate that the emotional distress resulting in higher levels of the MMPI characteristics seen in the patients mothers reflects the impact of raising a psychiatrically ill offspring.Data collection for the UCLA Family Study commenced in 1985, 4 years prior to the publication of the MMPI-2. Thus, the MMPI was administered.     

The Role of Genotype-Environment Interactions in the Development of Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Stress Associated with Disease in a Family Member

The relationship between the 5-HTTLPR and BDNF Val66Met marker genotypes and symptoms of depression and anxiety associated with stress resulting from severe chronic illness in a family member was studied. Genotyping was performed in groups of 214 unaffected parents of patients with schizophrenia and 100 control subjects. The Met*ss diplotype was associated with increases in depressive tendencies (MMPI test) in the parents of patients but not in the control group, while among parents this was the case in the subgroup of parents whose children had the most severe symptoms. These results suggest that the interaction of polymorphic 5-HTT and BDNF genes may mediate the relationship between objective and subjective burden of disease.     

Effect of Maternal Anxiety on Parenting Stress of Fathers of Children With ADHD

BackgroundHyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) increase parenting stress and familial conflict. Among parent-related factors, maternal mental health has been studied in-depth, but studies on paternal factors in this context are scarce. This cross-sectional study was conducted of children with ADHD and their parents in South Korea. We investigated the relationships between ADHD symptom severity of children and the mental health of their mothers and fathers.MethodsThe study included 70 children with ADHD and their 140 married heterosexual parents (70 fathers and 70 mothers). Children completed the Child Depression Inventory and State-Anxiety Inventory for children, and their parents completed the Korean ADHD rating scale-IV, Adult ADHD self-report scale, State-Anxiety Inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Parental Stress Scale.ResultsThere was a significant positive correlation between children’s ADHD symptoms and maternal anxiety symptom severity, whereby more severe ADHD symptoms were associated with more severe maternal anxiety symptoms. There was also a significant positive correlation between maternal anxiety symptom severity and paternal parenting stress severity, whereby more severe maternal anxiety was associated with more severe paternal parenting stress. A mediation model showed that paternal parenting stress severity was not directly related to children’s ADHD symptoms, but the severity of maternal anxiety mediated this relationship.ConclusionThe present study found the importance of mental health in mothers of children with ADHD and the interrelatedness of mental health within families. Future assessments and treatment of children with ADHD should include both the children and their parents.     

高职院校学生父母养育方式与成人依恋的相关研究

目的:探讨父母养育方式与成人依恋的关系。方法:采用关系问卷(RQ)和亲密关系经历调查表(ECR),以及父母养育方式量表(PBI)中译版,对589名高职院校学生进行测评。结果:不同依恋类型的高职学生父母养育方式差异显著(P<0.05)。依恋回避、依恋焦虑与父亲关爱、父亲鼓励自主、母亲关爱、母亲鼓励自主成显著负相关,与父亲控制、母亲控制的养育方式呈显著正相关。结论:父母养育方式对子女的成人依恋有显著影响。     

Assessment of anxiety disorders in asthmatic children.

The study's objective was to determine whether the State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, Trait version (STAIC), is suitable for the assessment of DSM-IV anxiety disorders in asthmatic children and adolescents. Ninety-two outpatients were given a semistructured diagnostic interview. They completed STAIC; another questionnaire about anxiety, the Echelle Comportementale d'Anxiété et de Peurs (ECAP); and the Child Depression Inventory. The parents filled in the Child Behavior Check-List (CBCL) and the Conners Parent Rating Scale (CPRS). A group of healthy children was assessed with STAIC. Thirty asthmatic children had anxiety disorders. They had significantly higher STAIC scores than the nonanxious asthmatic and the nonasthmatic children. STAIC scores were independent of age and sex and were correlated with ECAP, CPRS anxiety subscore, CBCL total score, internalizing score, and CBCL anxiety-depression subscore. Internal consistency was 0.75. With a threshold value of 34 for anxiety disorders, this method had a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 70%. STAIC was thus a useful method for anxiety disorder screening in a pediatric population.