重型颅脑损伤术中急性脑膨出的防治

目的探讨重型颅脑损伤术中急性脑膨出的防治措施。方法对32例重型颅脑损伤术中急性脑膨出的形成原因等资料进行回顾性分析。结果术中迟发性颅内血肿、弥漫性脑肿胀、严重广泛脑挫裂伤等是重型颅脑损伤术中急性脑膨出的主要原因。结论针对不同病因采取相应的防治措施,尽快彻底清除迟发性血肿,使用过度换气、脱水剂等降低颅内压,充分减压、控制血压等措施,可提高患者的存活率。     

重型颅脑损伤术中急性脑膨出救治经验总结

目的 总结重型颅脑损伤术中急性脑膨出救治的经验.方法 回顾性分析大坪医院自1997年7月～2007年1月37例术中出现急性脑膨出的重型颅脑损伤患者的临床资料.结果 CT复查示迟发性颅内血肿26例,弥漫性脑肿胀7例,挫裂伤脑水肿2例;另2例未行CT复查原因不清.对侧钻孔确认后直接开颅7例,手术过程中复查CT后手术5例,关颅后复查CT再手术20例,未复查切除脑叶者2例.死亡7例,包括4例弥漫性脑肿胀患者.伤后半年GOS评估,植物生存1例,重残3例,中残6例,良好20例.结论 术中出现脑膨出时,首先考虑对侧迟发性颅内血肿可能,对侧可疑部位钻孔探查手术,或快速CT复查,明确诊断后再次手术.梯度减压开颅、异丙酚麻醉、控制性低血压及去骨瓣减压是防治弥漫性脑肿胀的救治措施.     

重型颅脑损伤术中急性脑膨出救治经验总结

目的总结重型颅脑损伤术中急性脑膨出救治的经验。方法回顾性分析大坪医院自1997年7月-2007年1月37例术中出现急性脑膨出的重型颅脑损伤患者的临床资料。结果CT复查示迟发性颅内血肿26例，弥漫性脑肿胀7例，挫裂伤脑水肿2例；另2例未行CT复查原因不清。对侧钻孔确认后直接开颅7例，手术过程中复查CT后手术5例，关颅后复查CT再手术20例，未复查切除脑叶者2例。死亡7例，包括4例弥漫性脑肿胀患者。伤后半年GOS评估，植物生存1例，重残3例，中残6例，良好20例。结论术中出现脑膨出时，首先考虑对侧迟发性颅内血肿可能，对侧可疑部位钻孔探查手术，或快速CT复查，明确诊断后再次手术。梯度减压开颅、异丙酚麻醉、控制性低血压及去骨瓣减压是防治弥漫性脑肿胀的救治措施。     

颅脑外伤手术中出现严重的脑肿胀,应当考虑到哪些情况?如何处理?

解答：急性术中脑肿胀，应当立即想到对侧或远隔部位颅内血肿可能，需要和麻醉医师配合，确保呼吸道通畅和头高位，采取过度通气、强烈快速脱水等措施迅速降低颅内压，而后立即行颅脑CT检查。存在颅内血肿时，需立即手术处理。当无血肿时，可能为脑血管自主调节功能障碍所致，则继续行非手术处理，无效时可考虑双侧去骨瓣减压，预后一般较差。     

重型颅脑损伤术中急性脑膨出38例临床分析

目的探讨重型颅脑损伤术中急性脑膨出的主要原因、早期诊断与应急处治方法 ,以提高治愈率,降低致残率和死亡率。方法对38例重型颅脑损伤术中急性脑膨出的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果死亡16例,占42.1%;植物生存2例,占5.3%;中残6例,占15.8%;重残4例,占10.5%;良好10例,占26.3%。结论颅内血肿、弥漫性脑肿胀、脑水肿是重型颅脑损伤术中急性脑膨出的主要原因。早期诊断、针对不同的原因迅速采取相应的应急处治措施及综合治疗是治疗脑膨出成功的关键。     

创伤性急性硬膜下血肿一些CT改变与GCS、预后关系的对比研究

目的 了解创伤性急性硬膜下血肿一些CT改变与哥拉斯哥昏迷评分（GCS）及预后的相关性,比较其中的差异。方法 复习54例创伤性急性硬膜下血肿的CT特征,采用x^2检验,从血肿最大厚度、中线移位程度、基底池闭塞、蛛网膜下腔积血、局部脑挫裂伤,远隔部位脑挫裂伤中确定与GCS及预后相关的因素。结果 与GCS相关的因素为中线移位、基底池闭塞和远隔部位脑挫裂伤,与预后相关的因素为基底池闭塞及远隔部位脑挫裂伤。结论 远隔部位脑挫裂伤反映了弥漫性脑伤的伤情,治疗干预性差,是影响意识状况和预后的共同基础之一;脑变形的影像改变尽管与意识状况密切相关,但由于有一定的治疗可干预性,故不一定影响预后。     

重型颅脑创伤术中脑膨出的临床分析与综合治疗

目的：探讨重型颅脑创伤术中脑膨出诊断、原因及综合治疗措施。方法：回顾分析96例术中出现脑膨出的重型颅脑创伤患者受伤机制、临床表现、CT扫描结果，总结其易发征象及原因，评价防治措施的疗效。结果：按COS标准，治疗6个月后评定治疗结果，恢复良好8例，中残15例，重残20例，植物生存5例，死亡48例；迟发性血肿、急性脑肿胀、脑疝时间长、脑组织缺血缺氧、广泛脑组织挫裂伤是颅脑术中急性脑膨出的主要原因，采取综合治疗是防治术中脑膨出的有效措施。结论：结合临床和CT扫描可诊断术中脑膨出发生的可能性，对各种原因所致术中急性脑膨出，应及时采取相应综合措施防治。     

彩色超声对重型颅脑损伤术中急性脑膨出的诊断及治疗价值

目的 探讨彩色超声对重型颅脑损伤术中急性脑膨出的诊断及治疗价值.方法 回顾性分析2013-12至2018-12武警北京总队医院和武警四川总队医院收治的32例重型颅脑损伤术中发生急性脑膨出患者的临床资料,术中采取超声检查的方法,诊断脑膨出的病因及进一步指导手术治疗方案.观察记录术中超声诊断脑膨出的病因类别、部位特点(包括...     

颅内压监测下阶梯式减压在重型颅脑损伤患者术中的应用

目的 探讨颅内压监测下阶梯式减压在重型颅脑损伤患者术中的应用效果。方法 选取2019年3月至2020年6月开封市中心医院收治的58例重型颅脑损伤患者作为研究对象,根据治疗方法将其分为观察组（29例）与对照组（29例）。观察组患者行颅内压监测下阶梯式减压术治疗,对照组患者行传统大骨瓣减压术治疗,对比两组患者格拉斯哥昏迷指数（GCS）评分变化情况、术后并发症（急性脑膨出、迟发脑血肿、术后脑梗死等）发生情况及死亡率。结果 术后1个月,观察组患者GCS评分为（10.67±2.19）分,明显高于对照组患者的（8.66±1.88）分（t=3.750,P＜0.001）;观察组患者术后出现急性脑膨出2例、术后脑梗死1例,并发症发生率为10.34%,对照组患者术后出现急性脑膨出5例、迟发脑血肿1例、术后脑梗死3例,并发症发生率为31.03%,两组间差异无统计学意义（χ2=3.783,P=0.052）;观察组患者中死亡6例,死亡率为20.69%,对照组患者中死亡12例,死亡率为41.38%,两组间差异无统计学意义（χ2=2.900,P=0.089）。结论 颅内压监测下阶梯式减压相对于传统大骨瓣减压而言,可明显促进患者意识恢复,提高患者预后。     

术中持续颅内压监测在重型颅脑损伤中的运用研究

目的探讨术中颅内压监测在重型颅脑损伤治疗中的意义。方法收集58例重型颅脑损伤行去骨瓣减压术患者,均予术中颅内压监测,动态记录术前、术中的颅内压情况。术后随访6个月,GOS预后评分4～5为预后良好,1～3分为预后不良。结果术中发生急性脑膨出3例,迟发性颅内血肿4例,其中2例迟发性颅内血肿出现急性脑膨出。全部病例中,出现减压后颅内压反弹升高超过15 mm Hg患者共8例（14.3%）;而7例（87.5%）发生急性脑膨出和迟发性颅内出血的病例均出现减压后颅内压反弹升高超过15 mm Hg。随访6个月,GOS评分不良者占41.4%;而发生术中并发症的患者评分不良者比例高达85.7%（6/7）,且3例死亡均来自发生并发症的患者。结论去骨瓣减压术中发生严重并发症与不良预后相关,术中监测减压后颅内压反弹升高幅度,有助于预防和控制术中并发症的发生,改善患者预后。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.