The influence of psychosocial work characteristics on the need for recovery from work: a prospective study among computer workers

Purpose

To investigate the influence of high job demands, low job control, and high social support on need for recovery (NFR) among computer workers.

Methods

Data was obtained from a longitudinal cohort study, including 5 consecutive measurements, with an in-between period of 6 months. General estimating equations analyses were performed to assess the risk for high NFR 6 months later. Odds ratios (ORs) for high NFR were calculated for high job demands, low job control and low social support, separately. Likewise, ORs were calculated for combinations of job demands and job control, as well as for combinations of job demands, job control and social support.

Results

High job demands resulted in an increased risk for high NFR 6 months later, particularly in older workers. Low social support showed also an increased risk for future high NFR, but this was not the case for low job control. Furthermore, a combination of high job demands and low job control, as well as a combination of high job demands, low job control and low social support demonstrated an increased risk for future high NFR where older workers showed higher risks.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that adverse psychosocial work characteristics predicted future NFR among computer workers.     

医疗服务需求估计与区域卫生规划

目的 探求科学合理的医疗服务需求估计方法，以便科学地制订区域卫生规划。方法 采用回顾性分析及计量经济模型，以某一特大城市的19个县，区作为区域，进行医疗服务需求的预测。结果 根据多个社会，经济因素对医疗卫生服务的影响，得到门诊和住院服务需求模型，并举例说明当价格上涨15％及20％时，19个区域未来的医疗卫生服务需求。结论 计算经济模型可用作测量医疗卫生服务需求的工具，但尚有需改进之处。     

The Effects of Community Demands,Resources, and Strategies on the Nature and Consequences of the Work‐Family Interface: An Agenda for Future Research

Abstract: This article presents a broad conceptual framework that suggests ways in which community demands, resources, and strategies influence relationships between work demands, resources, and family well‐being. Within‐domain and boundary‐spanning community demands and resources are proposed to combine with work demands and resources in relation to work‐family conflict and facilitation. Boundary‐spanning community strategies are expected to mediate and moderate relationships between work‐family conflict and facilitation and family well‐being. The paper closes with an agenda for future research and a strategy for policy and practice.     

社会分化下“看病难”和“看病贵”的表现形式与解决之道

改革开放后中国的社会阶层分化影响着卫生服务需求的类型、层次、结构。对于弱、中势群体而言,看病难、贵主要体现为基本医疗服务难、贵;对于强势群体而言,看病难、贵主要体现在特需医疗服务难、贵。随着社会阶层的分化以及生活水平的普遍提高,中国未来的看病难、贵将集中体现在特需服务的难、贵上,政府必须通过增大特需卫生服务,并发展商业医疗保险来解决中国未来的看病难、贵问题。     

The person with renal chronic disease and caring demands

The objective was to analyse the sources of attentional demands experienced by eight women with renal chronic disease undergone to hemodialisys treatment in a university hospital at the State of S?o Paulo. This is a qualitative study achieved by means of a semi-structured interview. The analysis was based on a content analysis technique. Among the demands the most important were: lack of perspective toward the future; death as an imminent possibility; lost of autonomy and dependence with the machine. Also important were maternal responsibility and the worry with friends that lived the same problem. These demands contribute to decrease the capacity to focus attention to important situations related to the treatment and the search for a better quality of life.     

PAHO-Hanlon方法在国际卫生合作需求研究中的分析与应用——以哈萨克斯坦为例

泛美卫生组织提出的PAHO-Hanlon方法通过对国家卫生合作战略的各领域进行排序，得出卫生合作领域的优先顺序，可类比用于国际卫生合作需求的研究。本文对该方法进行了适用性分析，并以哈萨克斯坦为例，探索该方法在中哈两国卫生合作需求研究中的应用。结果显示，慢性病及其危险因素、卫生人力资源、卫生技术、结核病、卫生筹资、医疗产品和药品、卫生服务是哈萨克斯坦国际卫生合作的首要需求，中哈两国可在"一带一路"国际卫生合作框架下优先就上述领域开展深入交流与合作。     

Boosting bandwidth

The good news is that newer, faster technology is opening up new horizons for networked applications. The bad news? Figuring out how much bandwidth to install to meet future demands, without overbuilding and suffering a poor ROI.     

我国城镇职工基本医疗保险制度改革的经验与问题——基于对政策文件和制度环境的分析

文章分析了职工医疗保险20年来主要的政策文件及改革中面临的制度环境,总结了职工医疗保险制度变革的经验、存在的问题及其未来改革的建议。其经验是实施渐进改革,试点先行,保基本、多层次以及决策的科学化、民主化等,存在的问题是制度功能单一,政府责任缺失,缺乏顶层设计,与医疗服务市场缺乏有效的联动改革及数据匮乏等。最后,建议职工医疗保险坚持“保基本、多层次、可持续”方针;坚持渐进改革,试点先行;加强职工医疗保险制度顸层设计,实行联动改革;统一全国数据标准,建立数据质量评估体系和全国数据资料库等。     

Chronic perceived work stress and blood pressure among Australian government employees

Prospective data on 2634 Australian government employees over five years were examined for the effects of chronic perceived work stress on blood pressure change. The study sample (2100 men and 534 women) represented 57% of the original volunteers, or 75% of those eligible after exclusion criteria were met. Data on perceived stress were obtained by questionnaire, and a principal component analysis produced six components: qualitative demands, quantitative demands, job control, future control, work support, and outside stress. Multiple linear regression, which controlled for determinants of blood pressure, tested the main effects and specific two-way interaction effects of the chronicity scores of the six components and 30 items. Many items but only some components were associated with blood pressure change. Sex and age differences were observed. The observed interactions between job demands and control provided equivocal support for the Karasek job-strain model. The women responded to work-based support, but not necessarily as predicted.     

从医院管理者角度谈如何做好医院建设

文章从医院管理者的角度对两所县级医院建设情况进行了介绍,分析和总结了院长作为医院主要管理者在医院建设中应发挥基本作用及影响。     

Role of nursing in long-term care

Nursing services are an essential component of long-term care, whether it is based in the community and home or traditional nursing facilities. The author reviews the various demands of each type of care in terms of nursing education and specific skills as well as resident characteristics, survey findings, and staffing recommendations. Innovative nursing models in long-term care and areas for future research are also addressed.     

The Epidemiology of Selected Chronic Childhood Health Conditions

The chronic illnesses of childhood as a whole show similar trends in rates of incidence and prevalence, within this general class, subgroups of the illnesses have distinct epidemiological characteristics and different histories of response to improvements in medical technology This article selects 11 disorders as representative of the large class of childhood chronic illnesses It reviews trends in the contribution of these illnesses to the overall morbidity and mortality rates among children The current survival patterns for children with these illnesses are detailed in light of the probable demands generated for health care providers by similar patterns of survival It is likely that these children will place heavy demands on the health care system for the foreseeable future Epidemiological trends and improvements in survival patterns associated with these illnesses raise perplexing questions of resource allocation New knowledge is needed to address emerging problems.     

The Epidemiology of Selected Chronic Childhood Health Conditions

The chronic illnesses of childhood as a whole show similar trends in rates of incidence and prevalence, within this general class, subgroups of the illnesses have distinct epidemiological characteristics and different histories of response to improvements in medical technology This article selects 11 disorders as representative of the large class of childhood chronic illnesses It reviews trends in the contribution of these illnesses to the overall morbidity and mortality rates among children The current survival patterns for children with these illnesses are detailed in light of the probable demands generated for health care providers by similar patterns of survival It is likely that these children will place heavy demands on the health care system for the foreseeable future Epidemiological trends and improvements in survival patterns associated with these illnesses raise perplexing questions of resource allocation New knowledge is needed to address emerging problems.     

The role of leadership in creating a diversity-sensitive organization

The opportunity for personal growth that a focus on DSO development offers leaders is compelling, as it provides and requires new experiences and new ideas. Seasoned healthcare executives and their organizations are offered the opportunity for renewal-to see things in a new light and experience the organization, the service area, and each other differently. Researchers at the Gallup Organization, based on studies of more than 50,000 leaders in diverse industries, have identified the following seven demands of leadership: visioning, maximizing values, challenging experiences, mentoring, building a constituency, making sense of experience, and knowing one's self (Conchie 2004). To meet these demands with courage and conviction in the context of diversity is, perhaps, the ultimate healthcare leadership challenge in the foreseeable future.     

Managed care: a foundation for evolution

An examination of the history of managed care organization over the past 30 years, in both private and public sectors, forms the basis for evaluating the success of such programs in meeting the expectation of both physicians and consumers. The authors point to areas that must receive special attention if managed care organizations are to satisfy the quality and cost demands of the future.     

Independence for group practices: is it possible and desirable?

Technological advances, patient demands, pressures from payors, and change driven by hospitals or competing group practices combine to create a very dynamic practice management environment. For practice executives, these changes are focusing more attention on strategic and long-term planning, raising the question of continuing as independent private practices or considering other alternatives. There are several macro trends that impact the future of group practice. Understanding these general trends can serve as a starting point for practices to develop their specific roadmap to the future.     

上海市医疗机构设置规划研究

在分析上海市医疗资源配置、需求与利用现状的基础上,结合未来发展需求,探讨了上海市"十二五"期间医疗资源配置的总体目标、原则、规划重点及各级卫生行政部门的主导作用.

Abstract：

Based on the current status of allocation, demands and utilization of medical care resources and the needs for future development in Shanghai, the overall objectives, principles, key plans of allocation of medical care resources in the 12th Five-years Plan in Shanghai and the leading role of health bureaus at all levels were discussed.     

高温高湿环境下卫生装备发展需求研究

卫生装备是战时卫勤保障的重要物质基础，也是战时阶梯救治方案的重要组成部分。高温高湿环境下，由于环境和战创伤的双重作用，卫勤保障具有新的特点，对卫生装备也提出了新的要求。作为高温高湿环境战创伤阶梯救治方案的研究内容之一，本文对高温高湿环境下卫生装备的发展需求进行了系统研究，为我军今后军事斗争卫勤准备中卫生装备的论证、研究和发展提供参考依据。     

论高端医疗机构设计理念

高端医疗服务是医疗卫生领域新兴的产业,与普通医疗服务有着很大的差异,与其相关的建筑设计也有许多特殊之处.文章就高端医疗机构的特征、现状、发展、服务需求等进行了论述,并着重对高端医疗机构的设计原则、设计理念进行分析和总结.