Effect of some anionic polymers on pH of triethanolamine aqueous solutions

One of the suggested approaches in the management and prophylaxis of acne involves binding of free fatty acids in the form of soap with alcoholamines. Due to a possible irritating effect of alcoholamines associated with a relatively high pH of their aqueous solutions, complexation of alcoholamines with acid polymers is advocated. Triethanolamine is one of the best recognized alcoholamines. It was conventionally neutralized with Carbopols, Eudragits, alginic acid and pectin. During neutralization of polymer dispersions with triethanolamine, variations in the course of the neutralization curve have been observed among individual macromolecular compounds. The pH of 0.1 mol/l triethanolamine solution reaches 10.51, while following a complete neutralization with anionic polymers, such as Carbopols, Eudragits, alginic acid and pectin, pH ranges from 3.88 for systems neutralized with alginic acid to 8.50 for the system neutralized with Eudragit S-100. Complexation of triethanolamine with anionic polymers decreases its pH, and it is possible to find such pH range in which pH of the preparation containing the polymer and triethanolamine will correspond to the physiological pH of the skin.     

Physicochemical properties of enteric films prepared from aqueous dispersions and organic solutions

Cast films composed of mixtures of Eudragit S100:L100 (1:1) and plasticized with triethyl citrate (TEC) were prepared from aqueous dispersions and organic solutions, and the physicochemical properties and the weight loss of cast films during dissolution testing were examined. The tensile strength of the organic cast films was significantly higher and the percent elongation was lower than that of the aqueous cast films. The weight loss of the organic films was also lower than that of the aqueous films. Furthermore, leaching of the TEC from the aqueous films was rapid and the TEC was found to diffuse from the films within one hour at pH 6.0, the pH at which the Eudragit S100:L100 (1:1) films were insoluble. In contrast to the aqueous films, minimal levels of the TEC diffused from the organic cast films, and the disintegration of acrylic polymers occurred simultaneously with the release of TEC from the film during dissolution testing at pH 7.0. For Eudragit L100-55, which could form films at lower TEC levels than Eudragit S100:L100, both the organic and aqueous films showed the same weight loss after four hours in pH 5.0 media. These results demonstrated that for Eudragit S100:L100 cast films, the high levels of TEC needed for film formation from aqueous dispersions resulted in rapid dissolution and disintegration at pH 6.0 and above. While aqueous dispersions are preferred for the coating of solid substrates, for Eudragit S100:L100 film coatings, a change from organic solutions to aqueous dispersions in the coating process will impact film properties and product performance.     

Effect of beta-sitosterol on precipitation of cholesterol from non-aqueous and aqueous solutions

The aim of the present work was to study the solubility and phase behaviour of the beta-sitosterol-cholesterol mixed crystals in the presence and absence of water. Cholesterol, beta-sitosterol and 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3 mixtures of these were co-precipitated from acetone and acetone-water solutions. Precipitated crystals were analysed using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical microscopy and Karl-Fischer titrimetry. The quantification of the sterols in solutions was preformed using GC-MS. The solubility of the sterols was mutually limiting. In the aqueous system, the solubility of both the sterols were significantly lower than in the absence of water, but the decrease in the solubility was considerably greater with the more hydrophobic beta-sitosterol. In the aqueous system, the total sterol solubility decreased with the increasing proportion of beta-sitosterol. The formation of new crystal structures, solid solutions of cholesterol and beta-sitosterol, was observed in non-aqueous as well as in aqueous environments except with the lowest cholesterol proportion in the system, in which case mixed crystals with eutectic behaviour were formed.     

均匀设计法优选沙棘全果油溶剂法提取工艺

目的筛选优化沙棘全果油的溶剂法提取工艺。方法以得油率和油中总类胡萝卜素含量为指标,采用均匀设计法对沙棘全果油的提取工艺进行优选。结果最佳提取工艺条件为：采用正庚烷为溶剂,回流提取2次,溶媒用量为4倍量,时间为每次4 h。验证试验（n=3）结果表明：平均得油率为9.55%,油中总类胡萝卜素平均含量为119.1 mg/100g。结论建立的沙棘全果油溶剂法提取工艺稳定、可行,适合放大生产。