髋臼移位骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨手术治疗髋臼移位骨折的最佳时机、入路选择、复位方法及导致二期关节置换的原因. 方法 1978年9月～2003年12月手术治疗72例有移位的髋臼骨折患者,根据Letournel分型:前柱骨折6例,前壁骨折3例,后壁骨折19例,后柱+后壁骨折3例,后柱骨折7例,横行骨折10例,横行+后壁骨折4例,双柱骨折20例.手术入路:髂腹股沟入路22例,Kocher-Langenbeck(K-L)入路40例,联合人路10例.内固定方法:单纯螺钉固定髋臼后壁大块骨折12例,钢板固定60例. 结果术后X线片诊断(Matta标准):解剖复位53例(73.6%),满意复位10例(13.8%),不满意复位9例(12.5%).随访2～23年(平均7年),髋关节功能依据d'Aubigne标准评定:临床优良率为75.0%,可13.9%,差11.1%.依据Epstein标准X线片示优良率为72.0%,可15.2%,差12.5%.异位骨化按Brooker标准:髂腹股沟入路无异位骨化,K-L入路I～Ⅱ度5例,Ⅲ度1例.7例患者二期行髋关节置换术.结论 正确地掌握手术时机、手术入路和骨折复位方法是取得理想复位的关键,而理想的复位是获得满意疗效的基础.     

手术治疗髋臼骨折18例

目的探讨手术复位内固定治疗髋臼骨折的方法和疗效.方法根据Letournel分型,后壁骨折7例,后柱骨折2例,后壁 后柱骨折3例,横行 后壁骨折1例,前方伴后半横行骨折2例,T型骨折2例,双柱骨折1例.髂腹股沟入路5例,Kocher-Langenbeck入路12例,联合入路1例.结果解剖复位9例,良好复位6例,一般复位3例.完全恢复髋关节功能15例;遗留轻度跛行步态3例伴患髋偶有疼痛.结论根据骨折分型选择手术入路,复位内固定临床效果满意.     

手术治疗严重复杂髋臼骨折78例

目的探讨手术治疗严重复杂髋臼骨折的临床疗效。方法严重复杂髋臼骨折78例按照Letournel分型,复合型骨折78例,其中“T”形骨折16例,横形伴后壁骨折22例,后柱伴后壁骨折9例,前柱伴后半横形骨折2例,双柱骨折29例。手术入路:采用Kocher-Langenbeck(K-L)入路22例,髂腹股沟入路25例,扩展髂股入路7例,联合入路(髂腹股沟加K-L入路)24例。结果按Matta评定法,本组优26例,良35例,尚可15例,失败2例,优良率78.2%。结论正确分析骨折移位和类型、选择适当的手术路径是提高髋臼骨折治疗效果的重要保证,手术疗效与骨折复位质量密切相关。     

对99例髋臼骨折内固定治疗的分析

从１９７２年１１月至１９９４年３月，４０１例髋臼骨折病人中的９９例经手术治疗并获随访、包括３０例双柱骨折，１３例横骨折伴后壁骨折，９例后壁有折，９例后柱骨折，９例前柱骨半前壁骨折，１３例Ｔ形骨折和１６例横骨折。平均随访时间为７年。外科手术入路的选择，后入路５３次，髂腹股沟入路２３次，延长的髂股骨入路１１次，放射状入路９次和结合性入路６次。     

内固定治疗移位髋臼骨折的疗效分析

目的 探讨内固定治疗移位髋臼骨折的疗效.方法 2004年7月至2009年4月共收治64例移位髋臼骨折患者,男40例,女24例;平均年龄47.6岁.按Letournel-Judet方法分型:后壁骨折16例,后柱骨折2例,前柱骨折2例,横行骨折8例,后柱伴后壁骨折8例,横行伴后壁骨折6例,T形骨折6例,前柱伴后壁横行骨折2例,双柱骨折14例.根据不同骨折类型,手术采用Kocher-Langenbeck(K-L)入路32例,髂腹股沟入路16例,前后联合入路(髂腹股沟切口+K-L入路)16例,复位后应用骨盆重建钢板、拉力螺钉内固定. 结果 平均手术时间为3 h,术中平均失血量为800mL.所有患者术后获8～40个月(平均18个月)随访.根据Matta影像学评分,患者伤后2周内手术者53例,其中解剖复位39例,满意复位10例,不满意复位4例,复位优良率为92.5%.伤后2～3周后手术者11例,其中解剖复位4例,满意复位5例,不满意复位2例,复位优良率为81.8%.临床疗效评定结果:优37例,良13例,可8例,差6例,优良率为78.1%.发生创伤性关节炎2例,异位骨化3例(Ⅱ～Ⅲ度),股骨头缺血性坏死1例. 结论 对于移位髋臼骨折,根据不同骨折类型采用不同开放复位策略、尽早选择合理的手术方法是提高疗效的关键.     

经单一髂腹股沟入路治疗复合髋臼骨折

目的评价经单一髂腹股沟入路治疗某些复合类型髋臼骨折的疗效。方法自1994年6月～2003年10月,通过单一髂腹股沟入路手术治疗46例复合类型髋臼骨折,对患者的功能结果和并发症进行随访。结果有完整随访结果者40例,平均随访40.4个月,40例骨折全部愈合,未发生感染。异位骨化发生率为2.5%(1例)。髋关节功能优良率为82.5%。结论髋臼骨折中,前方伴后半横形骨折、大部分双柱骨折及有些T形骨折可以通过单一髂腹股沟入路完成骨折的复位及内固定,手术中能达到解剖复位或接近解剖复位,术后功能良好。经单一入路完成手术减少了手术创伤,可以及早进行功能锻炼,且术后并发症发生率较低。     

复杂髋臼骨折复位与微创固定

目的探究复杂髋臼骨折复位与微创固定方法,评价微创固定技术的治疗效果。方法对2011年3月至2015年6月郑州市骨科医院收治的58例复杂髋臼骨折(横行伴后壁骨折18例、前柱伴后半横行骨折19例、"T"形骨折11例、双柱骨折10例)患者,采用后路K-L入路联合前方髂腹股沟微创插板入路,分别进行髋臼重建钢板和螺钉前后固定。结果随访9~59个月,平均随访时间28.5个月。术后骨折复位情况按照Matta标准评估,解剖复位28例、满意复位23例、不满意复位7例,总体复位满意率为88%;术后8个月髋关节功能采用D'Aubigne和Postel标准评估:优30例、良18例、可6例、差4例,总体优良率为83%。远期并发症包括异位骨化Brooker分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ度7例、Ⅲ度3例、Ⅳ度2例(无一例发生骨不连),骨关节炎2例,股骨头缺血性坏死1例。结论后路K-L入路联合前方髂腹股沟微创插板入路复位固定技术可用于治疗复杂髋臼骨折,具有创伤轻微、操作简单、疗效显著等特点。     

前后联合入路内固定治疗髋臼横断伴后壁骨折及股骨头后脱位

目的探讨前后联合入路骨盆重建钛板内固定治疗髋臼横断伴后壁骨折及股骨头后脱位的可行性与临床效果。方法对22例髋臼横断伴后壁骨折及股骨头后脱位采用Kocher-Langenbeck和髂腹股沟联合入路,应用专用骨盆髋臼复位器械行骨盆重建钛板和螺钉内固定治疗。结果骨折复位质量按照Matta标准评价:解剖复位18例,满意复位4例。术后随访12～38个月(平均25个月),采用Modified d'Aubigne and Postel功能评定标准判定:优17例,良4例,可1例,优良率95.6%。结论选择髋臼横断伴后壁骨折及股骨头后脱位中前方骨折线高且移位大者采用前后联合入路行内固定治疗,可使髋臼骨折达到最大限度的复位并获得理想的髋关节功能康复。     

髋臼骨折手术治疗的回顾性分析

目的 探讨髋臼骨折的诊断、手术方法及治疗效果. 方法 从1999年1月至2006年12月,共手术治疗髋臼骨折46例48髋,其中A型骨折18髋,B型骨折22髋,C型骨折8髋.手术采用髂腹股沟入路6髋,K-L入路27髋,前后联合入路(髂腹股沟+K-L入路)13髋,延长的髂股人路2髋. 结果 解剖复位32例(66.7%),复位满意11例(22.9%),复位不满意5例(10.4%).随访4个月～4年,平均2年5个月.按改良D'Aubigne和Postel评分标准评定关节功能:优26髋,良9髋,可9髋,差4髋,优良率为72.9%(35/48). 结论 术前CT三维重建对骨折准确分型和选择合理的手术入路具有重要作用;术前在骨盆标本上模拟手术并初步预弯重建钢板,对缩短手术时间、提高手术效果有很大帮助;术中对骨折在尽可能地解剖复位,并可靠内固定是取得良好疗效的基础.     

经前后联合入路治疗双柱型髋臼骨折

目的 探讨经髂腹股沟联合K-L入路治疗双柱型髋臼骨折的手术方法和临床疗效.方法 采用髂腹股沟联合K-L入路治疗双柱型髋臼骨折51例.结果 所有患者获得10个月～7年的随访.对骨折复位质量、远期X线表现、髋关节功能、异位骨化分别评估:解剖复位42例(82.35%),满意复位6例(11.76%),不满意复位3例(5.89%).髋关节功能按D′Aubigne 6分法评定:优良45例(88.24%),可4例(7.84%),差2例(3.92% ).X线片按Epstein标准:优良41例(80.39%),可6例(11.76% ),差4例(7.84%).K-L入路发生Brooker Ⅲ度异位骨化2例,Ⅱ度4例,Ⅰ度3例.结论 联合入路可以改善双柱型髋臼骨折的复位质量,提高疗效.     

Conservatively treated acetabular fractures: A retrospective analysis

Background:

There are a few studies reporting the long term outcome of conservatively treated acetabular fractures. The present study aims to evaluate the quality of reduction, and radiological and functional outcome in displaced acetabular fractures treated conservatively.

Materials and Methods:

Sixty-nine patients (55 men and 14 women) with 71 displaced acetabular fractures (mean age 38.6 years) managed conservatively were retrospectively evaluated. There were 11 posterior wall, 5 posterior column, 6 anterior column, 13 transverse, 2 posterior column with posterior wall, 9 transverse with posterior wall, 6 T-shaped, 1 anterior column with posterior hemi-transverse, and 18 both-column fractures. The follow-up radiographs were graded according to the criteria developed by Matta J. Functional outcome was assessed using Harris hip score and Merle d’Aubigne and Postel score at final followup. Average follow-up was 4.34 years (range 2–11 years).

Results:

Patients with congruent reduction (n=45) had good or excellent functional outcome. Radiologic outcome in incongruent reduction (n=26) was good or excellent in 6 and fair or poor in 20 hips. The functional outcome in patients with incongruent reduction was good or excellent in 16 and satisfactory or poor in 10 hips. Good to excellent radiologic and functional outcome was achieved in all patients with posterior wall fractures including four having more than 50% of broken wall. Good to excellent functional outcome was observed in 88.8% of both-column fractures with secondary congruence despite medial subluxation.

Conclusions:

Nonoperative treatment of acetabular fractures can give good radiological and functional outcome in congruent reduction. Posterior wall fractures with a congruous joint without subluxation on computed tomography axial section, posterior column, anterior column, infratectal transverse or T-shaped, and both-column fractures may be managed conservatively. Small osteochondral fragments in the cotyloid fossa or non–weight-bearing part of the hip with a congruous joint do not seem to adversely affect the functional outcome. Displaced transverse fractures with “V” sign may require operative treatment.     

髋臼骨折并移位的手术治疗

目的 提高对复杂髋臼骨折的治疗水平。方法 总结１９９３年３月～１９９８年５月对５６例有移位髋臼骨折进行手术治疗的经验。按Ｌｅｔｏｕｒｎｅｌ－ｊｕｄｅｔ骨折分型,髋臼后壁骨折７例,后柱骨折６例,前柱骨折４例,横断骨折６例,Ｔ型骨折６例,后柱伴后壁骨折６例,前方伴后方半横形骨折２例,双柱骨折９例。根据不同骨折类型,分别采用Ｋｏｃｈｅｒ－Ｌａｎｇｅｎｂａｃｋ入路、髂腹股沟和、髂骨股骨入路、扩展的髂骨股骨     

重建钢板联合记忆合金骑缝钉治疗髋臼骨折

目的探讨重建钢板联合记忆合金骑缝钉治疗髋臼骨折的可行性及临床效果。方法对2003年5月～2004年12月收治的17例髋臼骨折患者按照Letournel分类:T形骨折2例,后柱骨折3例,后柱并后壁骨折2例,后壁并横行骨折2例,前柱骨折1例,前柱并横行骨折2例,双柱骨折2例,双柱及前后壁骨折3例。根据骨折类型分别采用单一或联合髂腹股沟入路、髋臼后侧入路,行重建钢板联合记忆合金骑缝钉内固定治疗。结果本组患者骨折复位质量按照Matta的评分标准,16例达到解剖复位,1例复位欠佳。所有患者获得9～21个月(平均13个月)随访,采用Modified d’Aubigne and Postal功能评定标准:优14例,良2例,可1例,优良率为94．1％;本组有1例发生创伤性关节炎,未见异位骨化发生。结论术前骨折分类的明确、合适入路的选择、满意的解剖复位及可靠的内固定是治疗髋臼骨折的关键,采用重建钢板联合记忆合金骑缝钉的内固定方式是一种有效的治疗方法。     

陈旧性髋臼骨折的手术重建

目的 探讨陈旧性髋臼骨折的手术技术和影响临床效果的相关因素.方法 2001年4月至2008年12月,经手术治疗并有完整随访资料的陈旧性髋臼骨折患者61例.男47例,女14例;平均年龄(38±3)岁.按Letournel分型:简单型骨折16例中,后壁骨折7例,后柱骨折2例,前柱骨折1例,横行骨折6例;复合型骨折45例中,后柱伴后壁骨折3例,横行伴后壁骨折7例,"T"形骨折4例,伴后方半横行骨折6例,双柱骨折25例.交通伤52例,坠落伤6例,挤压伤3例.伴颅脑损伤11例,胸腹脏器损伤15例,膀胱尿道损伤7例,伴多处骨折25例,术前有坐骨神经损伤症状者3例.损伤至手术的平均时间39 d.选择单一手术入路13例,前后联合入路48例;手术平均耗时(248±45)min,术中平均失血(2160±100)ml.结果 术后平均随访(61±8)个月.采用Matta的复位标准:解剖复位45例,不满意13例,差3例;根据改良Merle d'Aubingne和Postel临床结果评分:优38例,良13例,可6例,差4例.术后发生股骨头坏死3例(4.9%),异位骨化28例(45.9%),坐骨神经一过性麻痹4例(6.6%).结论 对陈旧性髋臼骨折通过适当的切开复位内固定,也可达到满意的临床结果.对简单型陈旧性髋臼骨折可选择单一入路,而对于复合型骨折原则上采用前后联合入路.手术医生的经验与复位优良率密切相关.

Abstract：

Objective To discuss the surgical technique of delayed acetabular fractures and its possible prognosis factors.Methods From April 2001 to November 2008,61 patients with delayed acetabular fractures were surgically treated.There were 47 males and 14 males,with an average age of 38 years.According to Letourael classification,16 simple fractures included 7 cases of posterior wall fractures,2 of posterior column fractures,1 of anterior column fractures and 6 of transverse fractures.Forty-five patients with mixed fractures included 3 cases with both fractures posterior column and wall,7 of transverse and posterior wall fractures,4 of T-shape fractures,6 of posteriorly semi-transverse fractures and 25 of both-columns fractures.Fifty-two patients suffered from traffic accident;6 patients were caused by falling from height and 3 suffered from crush injuries.Brain injuries occurred in 11 cases,thorax-abdominal injuries in 15,urinary tract injuries in 7,multiple fractures in 25.The injury of sciatic nerve was found in 3 patients preoperatively.The average interval form injury to surgery was 39 days.A single approach was employed in 13 cases,and combined antero-posterior approaches were employed in 48.The operation time was (248±45) min with a blood loss of (2160±100) ml averagely.Results The average follow-up was (61±8) months.The clinical result was evaluated by Matta reduction criteria,modified Merle d'Aubingne and Postel scoring system.Anatomical reduction was achieved in 45 cases;however,13 were unsatisfactory and 3 were poor.For clinical results,38 were graded as excellent,13 as good,6 as fair and 4 as poor.Osteonecrosis of the femoral head occurred in 3 cases (4.9%),and heterotopic ossification developed in 28 cases (45.9%).Additionally,4patients (6.6%) had a transient sciatic nerve paralysis.Conclusion Open reduction and internal fixation is a liable method for delayed acetabular fractures.Single approach is suitable for simple fractures;in principle and combined approaches are for compound delayed acetabular fractures.The reduction quality is closely related to surgeon's experience.     

Single versus double column fixation in transverse fractures of the acetabulum: A randomised controlled trial

IntroductionBiomechanical studies have compared fixation methods in transverse acetabular fractures, yet there is not enough clinical data to suggest an optimal fixation method. The aim of this randomized controlled trail was to compare fracture stability in posterior plating alone versus posterior plating and anterior column lag-screw fixation in treatment of transverse and transverse with posterior wall acetabular fractures.MethodsThirty patients were randomized to one of two groups, either posterior fixation alone (single column group), or posterior plating and anterior fixation with percutaneous anterior column screw (double column group). Patients were followed up with serial radiographic assessments documenting any loss of reduction, utilizing Matta’s radiological criteria, measuring the roof arc angles and by measuring any change in the femoral head offset.ResultsFifteen patients were randomized to each group. Mean patient age was 31 years, mean follow up period was 19 months (range 12–24). There was no significant differences between the two groups with regards the quality of post-operative reduction, blood loss, hospital stay and functional score using the modified Merle D'Aubinge and Postel score. The operative time was significantly longer in the double column fixation group (130 min versus 104 min). There was no loss of reduction observed in either of the two groups.ConclusionSingle poster column fixation in transverse and transverse posterior wall fractures showed similar result to double column fixation, in terms of fractures stability in the follow up period, quality of reduction and early functional outcome.     

The Kocher-Langenbeck Approach for the Treatment of Acetabular Fractures

Abstract Objective: Exposure of the posterior part of the posterior column of the acetabulum. Indications: Open reduction and internal fixation of posterior wall and posterior column fractures. Open reduction and internal fixation of juxta- and infra-tectal transverse fractures. Open reduction and internal fixation of fractures that involve both columns, when the posterior column or wall must be reduced under direct vision. Contraindications: Fractures of the anterior wall. Fractures of the anterior column. Fractures which involve both columns, when the anterior wall or column has to be reduced under direct vision. Surgical Technique: Exposure of the posterior acetabular column through longitudinal splitting of the gluteus maximus muscle in its anterior third. Tenotomy of the piriform and of the obturator internus and gemelli muscles at their insertion in the piriform fossa. Reduction under direct vision of the fracture fragments of the posterior column or wall, indirect reduction of fractures running through the quadrilateral plate. Fixation of the fracture with lag screws (posterior wall) and a long curved plate that is placed parallel to the posterior acetabular rim. Results: In a 9-year period, 60 patients with a posterior wall fracture of the acetabulum were treated by open reduction and internal fixation through a Kocher-Langenbeck approach. 27 patients (45%) had additional lesions of the acetabular cavity. Seven patients (11.6%) had a primary nerve palsy. Secondary neurologic problems were seen in five patients (8.3%). Revision surgery was necessary in five patients (8.3%). Of 46 patients examined clinically and radiologically after an average of 24 months, 32 (69.6%) obtained an excellent or good result using the Merle dAubigné & Postel score. 34 patients (73.9%) did not develop periarticular ossifications.The following is a reprint from Operat Orthop Traumatol 2004;16:59–74 and continues the new series of articles aimed at providing continuing education on operative techniques to the European trauma community.Reprint from Operat Orthop Traumatol 2004;16:59–74 DOI 10.1007/s00064-004-1094-y     

Surgical treatment of displaced acetabular fractures - 72 cases followed for 10 (6-14) years

Seventy-two displaced acetabular fractures managed surgically were evaluated retrospectively. The follow-up period was 10 (6-14) yr. The commonest fractures were posterior wall (28) and both columns (10). The surgical approaches were Kocher-Langenbeck (47), ilioinguinal (19) and extended iliofemoral (6). No neural monitoring was used in operations and no preventive agents for heterotopic ossification or thromboembolism were used perioperatively. Reduction was rated congruent in 59 (81.9%) and noncongruent in 13 (18.1%). The early postoperative complications were 1 vascular injury, 1 iatrogenic sciatic nerve injury, 1 deep vein thrombosis and 2 wound infections. The late complications were heterotopic ossification in 20 patients, avascular necrosis of the femoral head in 4 and symptomatic arthritis in 10. Functional outcomes were rated as excellent in 31, good in 23, fair in 7 and poor in 11. Our results show that traditional management is effective enough for displaced acetabular fractures.     

髋臼骨折的手术治疗

目的：报道切开复位内固定治疗髋臼骨折的方法和结果。方法：按照ＪｕｄｅｔＬｅｔｏｕｒｎｅｌ分型：髋臼前壁骨折２例,前柱骨折５例,前壁合并前柱骨折３例,双柱骨折５例,后壁骨折４例,后壁合并后柱骨折７例,横行骨折４例。手术入路：髂腹股沟切口１３例,Ｋｏｃｈｅｒｌａｎｇｅｂｅｃｋ切口１１例,髂股切口３例,髂腹股沟切口＋ＫｏｃｈｅｒＬａｎｇｅｎｂｅｃｋ切口３例。骨折复位后用预弯的骨盆钢板内固定。结果：随访６～１８个月,按照Ｍａｔａ标准：优１３例,良８例,中５例,差４例。结论：根据髋臼骨折类型选择切口入路,骨折复位满意,内固定可靠,功能恢复好。     

髋臼骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨髋臼骨折的分型、手术入路的选择及手术效果.方法 手术治疗22例髋臼骨折患者,后壁骨折和后柱加后壁骨折选择K-L入路,前柱、前壁骨折及横断骨折选择髂腹股沟入路,前后移位明显的横断骨折、T形骨折、双柱骨折选择前后联合入路.结果 22例均获随访,时间6个月~5年,骨折6~9个月均愈合.按Matta评定标准:解剖复位 9例,满意复位13例.根据改良的Merle d′Aubigne-Poster髋关节功能评分标准:优7例,良10例,可4例,差1例.1例股骨头坏死,3例创伤性关节炎,2例异位骨化.结论 按髋臼骨折的分型选择合适的手术入路和良好的骨折复位内固定是获得满意疗效的前提.