组配式股骨假体髋关节翻修治疗在全髋关节置换术后股骨假体周围骨折中的应用效果分析

目的 回顾性分析组配式股骨假体髋关节翻修治疗在全髋关节置换术后股骨假体周围骨折中的应用效果。方法 回顾性选取2018年4月至2019年4月上海市第八人民医院收治的股骨假体周围骨折患者60例作为研究对象。其中30例患者采用骨水泥假体髋关节翻修治疗,设定为对照组,采用组配式股骨假体髋关节翻修治疗的30例患者设定为观察组,并随访6个月。观察两组患者手术情况、手术前后哈里斯髋关节评分(Harris hip score,HHS)及帕克-帕尔莫移动评分(Parker Palmer mobility score,PPMS)、手术前后VAS评分及骨折愈合情况。结果 所有患者手术顺利,且无发生特殊并发症及不良事件。观察组手术时间、术中出血量、输血量、住院时间[(65. 12±22. 13) min、(1 986. 52±875. 63) ml、(955. 25±520. 17) ml、(12. 98±5. 11) d]显著优于对照组[(76. 38±24. 64) min、(2 437. 42±953. 87) ml、(1 226. 44±553. 09) ml、(15. 52±5. 83) d],差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。观察组术后HHS及PPMS评分分别为(73. 66±16. 05)分,(8. 37±2. 13)分,显著优于术前的(4. 46±1. 34)分、(0. 83±0. 27)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0. 05);观察组术后HHS评分及PPMS评分显著优于对照组的(66. 42±14. 83)分、(7. 15±1. 96)分,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05);观察组患者的骨折愈合时间为(14. 29±6. 3)周,与对照组的(15. 03±7. 5)周相比差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。治疗后观察组患者的VAS评分为(2. 86±0. 99)分,显著优于对照组的(3. 73±1. 28)分,差异具有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。结论 组配式股骨假体髋关节翻修治疗全髋关节置换术后股骨假体周围骨折,术后患者HHS和PPMS评分明显提高,VAS评分明显降低,临床效果比较满意,值得临床推广应用。     

人工髋关节置换术后股骨假体柄周围骨折的治疗

目的 回顾性分析人工髋关节置换术后假体柄周围骨折的分型、治疗.方法 将本院近10年收治的人工髋关节置换术后假体柄周围骨折的10例病例,按Vancouver分类方法分型,根据分型采用相应的治疗方法.结果 10例均得到随访,随访5～12个月;平均8.2个月.Harris评分均较术前有升高.结论 Vancouver分类方法具有良好的临床指导价值,根据股骨假体柄周围骨折的Vancouver不同类型选择不同的治疗方法,均得到满意疗效.     

人工髋关节置换术后假体周围骨质丢失的分析

目的 观察人工髋关节置换术（THA）后随时间推移假体周围骨密度和溶骨的改变情况及THA术后假体松动和骨重建的时间，分析假体周围骨量丢失的原因及相关影响因素。方法 THA术后患者83例，对比观察THA术侧髋关节和健侧髋关节，同时按固定方式分为骨水泥组和非骨水泥组。应用双能X线骨密度仪测量各组THA术后股骨柄假体及髋臼假体周围的骨密度。结果 不论是骨水泥固定还是非骨水泥固定，髋臼周围骨密度在1年以内和7年以后下降明显，4～7年没有明显变化。同时，骨水泥固定方式髋臼周围骨质丢失的情况比非骨水泥组出现的时间早而且范围广。结论 髋臼假体底周的骨质丢失较股骨柄假体更早、更快、更严重，尤其在髋臼的负重区。其改变的时相规律为：THA术后1年之内骨密度下降明显，4～7年内相对稳定，7年后骨丢失呈持续性日趋下降的趋势。采用髋臼假体用非骨水泥、股骨柄假体用骨水泥固定这种混合型固定方式有利于防止髋臼假体底周的骨质丢失。     

Conversion of a failed hip resurfacing arthroplasty to total hip arthroplasty: pearls and pitfalls

Surface replacement arthroplasty (SRA) remains a viable alternative to total hip arthroplasty (THA) in appropriately selected, active adults with degenerative hip disease. However, orthopedic surgeons are facing a number of scenarios where revision of one or both components of an SRA is indicated. Indications for revision vary and impact the potential outcomes of conversion of a SRA to THA. While clinical outcomes are generally favorable, a growing body of data illustrates patients who undergo conversion of a SRA to THA to be at increased risk of requiring a repeat revision surgery and experiencing functional outcomes inferior to that of a primary THA. The results of patients undergoing conversion of a SRA to THA highlight the need for careful patient selection, thorough preoperative counseling, and technical precision when performing a SRA. Furthermore, a systematic approach to the failed SRA is necessary to ensure optimal clinical results.     

全髋与半髋关节置换术治疗老年移位股骨颈骨折的疗效分析

目的比较全髋关节置换术和半髋关节置换术治疗老年移位股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾总结2009年1月至2011年12月手术治疗并获得随访的老年股骨颈骨折患者243例,其中半髋关节置换术137例,全髋关节置换术106例,观察比较两组患者的手术效果。结果两组患者均顺利完成手术,半髋关节置换组手术时间、术中失血量、术后引流量和术后负重时间均优于全髋关节置换组(P0.05),术后不良事件发生率组间比较无统计学差异(P0.05);全髋关节置换组Harris评分优良率(88.7%)高于半髋关节置换组(77.1%),组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论全髋关节置换术或半髋关节置换术是治疗老年股骨颈骨折的有效方法,对于可耐受手术、预期寿命长的病人采取全髋关节置换术可能会得到更有利的功能恢复;对于身体条件差、预期寿命短的患者可使用半髋关节置换术。     

小切口人工全髋关节置换术50例临床疗效分析

目的探讨应用外侧小切口行人工全髋关节置换术的临床疗效。方法选择本院2006年4月至2009年4月全髋关节置换术手术患者100例,随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组行外侧小切口全髋关节置换术,对照组行常规人工全髋关节置换术。记录两组患者手术时间、手术出血量、引流量、输血量以及切口长度;观察两组患者术后关节功能的恢复情况;对两组患者治疗前和治疗后进行Harris评分。结果观察组切口长度、术中出血量、引流量、输血量分别与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义,P〈0．05;两组患者术后Harris评分比较,差异无统计学意义,P〉0．05。结论外侧入路小切口行人工全髋关节置换术,手术创伤小,术后早期功能恢复快,但须严格掌握手术适应证。     

全髋关节置换后的股骨假体周围骨折

背景：随着全髋关节置换及翻修患者的不断增加,股骨假体周围骨折的发生率及复杂性随之增加。 目的：回顾有关股骨假体周围骨折的研究文献,探讨其危险因素、预防措施、Vancouver分型和治疗方案。 方法：以电子检索方式对CNKI 数据库、FMJS数据库及PubMed数据库1994年9月至2012年6月收录的有关全髋关节置换后股骨假体周围骨折的研究文献进行分析,检索词为＂全髋关节置换,股骨假体周围骨折＂和＂total hip arthroplasty,periprosthetic femoral fractures＂,排除报道时间较早的研究或重复研究。 结果与结论：随着全髋关节置换人数的增加,置换后股骨假体周围骨折发生率正在增加。目前公认的危险因素包括年龄、性别、创伤、固定方式、假体松动、翻修、骨溶解、置换前疾病、骨质疏松、假体类型和置换技术等。熟悉及理解股骨假体周围骨折的危险因素对其预防及治疗至关重要。Vancouver分型涉及股骨假体周围骨折位置及稳定性、假体松动情况、股骨近端骨量等,是临床上常用的分型方法。临床治疗应根据骨折类型、是否有假体松及骨缺损等采用不同的方法。     

全髋关节置换术在老年髋部骨折患者中的应用效果

目的 分析全髋关节置换术(THA)在老年髋部骨折患者中的应用效果.方法 选取2017年1月至2019年4月来我院骨科接受治疗的150例髋部骨折患者为研究对象,根据随机抽样法将患者分为Gamma钉固定组和THA组,每组75例.比较两组患者手术相关指标、生活质量、髋关节功能、并发症发生情况.结果 THA组的术中出血量、住院...     

全髋置换术中微创后外侧小切口的应用分析

目的比较微创后外侧小切口全髋置换术和传统的常规全髋置换术的疗效,并研究微创后外侧小切口全髋置换术在临床应用上的优缺点。方法 72例全髋关节置换患者随机分入两组,观察组36例采用微创后外侧小切口全髋置换术,对照组36例采用常规全髋置换术。记录患者的性别、年龄、体重、手术时间、术中失血量及术后引流量、切口长度、术中术后骨折、术后开始功能锻炼时间、术后Harris评分、并发症等,随访时间为3～18个月,平均12个月。结果观察组在术中术后失血量、手术切口长度、术后开始功能锻炼时间显著低于对照组,在术后Harris评分、术后并发症等无显著性差异。结论采用微创后外侧小切口全髋置换术进行人工全髋置换术明显缩短手术时间和降低术后并发症及假体位置不当的风险,具有手术创伤小、失血量少、可以早期进行关节功能锻炼等优点。     

Leg length discrepancy after total hip arthroplasty: a review of literature

Discrepancy of leg length is often considered to be a problem after total hip replacement and can adversely affect an otherwise excellent outcome. Furthermore, it has been associated with patient dissatisfaction and remains one of the most common reasons for litigation against the orthopedic community. As a consequence of the need to equalize leg length, several authors have sought to validate methods of minimizing limb length discrepancy based on preoperative planning with preoperative radiological templates or intraoperative methods of measurement. In this article, we present a review of the limb length discrepancy in total hip arthroplasty, its implications and several techniques to avoid it. We recommend that a combination of the above mentioned methods will give the best chance for the surgeon to minimise the risk of leg length discrepancy following total hip replacement.     

抗抑郁护理对人工全髋关节翻修术后康复的影响

目的探讨抗抑郁护理对人工全髋关节翻修术后康复的影响。方法人工全髋关节翻修术患者24例,随机分为观察组16例和对照组8例,观察组采用抗抑郁护理,对照组采用常规护理。两组术前及术后2周应用抑郁自评量表（SDS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）对患者进行评定;观察术后康复计划的完成情况及髋关节功能恢复情况。结果观察组患者抑郁评分得分、康复计划的完成情况及髋关节功能恢复情况明显优于对照组,差异有显著性意义（P〈0．01）。结论抗抑郁护理可减轻人工全髋关节翻修术后的抑郁及提高康复计划的完成及髋关节功能恢复。     

Orem自理模式在同期双侧全髋关节置换患者护理中的应用

目的 探讨Orem自理模式在同期双侧全髋关节置换术患者护理中的应用及效果.方法 对72例同期双侧全髋关节置换术患者随机分为对照组和实验组各36例,对照组按照常规护理方法,实验组按照Orem自理模式进行护理.结果 2组患者在良好的自理能力及护理服务满意率方面差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 应用Orem自理模式对同期双侧全髋关节置换患者进行护理能够加强患者自我护理能力,使患者对护理服务更加满意.     

Synthes线缆系统置入内固定治疗全髋关节置换后股骨假体周围骨折

背景：近年来股骨假体周围骨折已经成为是全髋关节置换后最常见的并发症之一,Vancourver B1型骨折因为股骨柄假体稳定同时无明显骨缺损,目前多主张积极行内固定治疗。 目的：探讨Synthes线缆系统置入内固定治疗全髋关节置换后Vancouver B1型股骨假体周围骨折的临床效果。 方法：2009年5月至2012年10月南通市第一人民医院骨科采用Synthes线缆系统置入内固定治疗18例全髋关节置换后Vancouver B1型股骨假体周围骨折患者,女10例,男8例;年龄45-80岁,平均（62.67±8.67）岁。治疗后第1,3,6个月复诊,按Harris评分标准评定髋关节功能,满分为100分,≥90分为优,80-89分为较好,70-79分为良, 结果与结论：18例患者均获得随访,18例获得随访6-43个月,患者平均骨折愈合时间为（19.06±4.04）周。18例治疗前Harris评分为（22.3±3.6）分,治疗后第1,3,6个月髋关节Harris评分均较治疗前显著提高（P〈0.01）,髋关节功能恢复良好。提示Synthes线缆系统能最大程度恢复股骨正常解剖结构,操作简便,损伤小,稳定性强,安全性高,是治疗Vancouver B1型股骨假体周围骨折的理想方法。     

全髋关节置换术后引流放置的对比研究

目的对比全髋关节置换术后放置引流与否的结果是否对近期疗效有不同影响,为进_.步康复方案的制定提供数据支持。方法随机抽取2007年在我院骨科初次全髋关节置换术后放置引流和不放置引流的两组病例各35髋,共纳入70髋。观察其手术时间、术后输红细胞量、术后下地时间,术后退热时间、术后拆线时间,比较放置引流和不放置引流两组以上指标是否有差异。结果两组患者术后输血、退热时间、下地时间、拆线时间等方面放置引流组和不放置引流组差异均无显著意义（P〉0.05）。结论对于有选择的全髋关节置换病例,术后不放置引流组的出血及功能恢复方面同放置引流组没有明显差异。就全髋关节置换术后近期影响来说,不放置引流是可行的,对于长期结果是否有影响尚需进一步观察。     

Gait asymmetry following an anterior and anterolateral approach to total hip arthroplasty

Background

Patients with osteoarthritis of the hip demonstrate a limp while ambulating, and persistent asymmetric limb loading following unilateral total hip arthroplasty might induce further complications in the affected and contralateral limbs. The purpose of this study was to investigate pre- to postsurgical changes in gait symmetry in patients receiving either an anterior or anterolateral hip replacement.

Methods

Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic gait analyses were performed on 12 patients undergoing anterior surgery, 11 patients undergoing anterolateral surgery and 10 age-matched controls while level walking. A two-way mixed model analysis of variance with repeated measures was utilized to determine differences in symmetry indices and pelvic obliquity between groups and across time.

Findings

At presurgery, greater single limb support time and step length asymmetry was demonstrated by both patient groups when compared to controls. While the anterior hip replacement patients demonstrated greater improvement in gait symmetry by 6 weeks postsurgery, both patient groups approached control levels by 16 weeks postsurgery. No significant differences were seen between patient groups for pelvic obliquity, limb loading or temporal-distance symmetry at any time point.

Interpretation

Patients undergoing either anterior or anterolateral hip replacement enhanced their gait symmetry by 16 weeks following surgery. Improvement in gait symmetry at 6 weeks postsurgery, as compared to presurgery, was detected in patients undergoing anterior hip replacement. However, no such improvement was observed in patients receiving the anterolateral approach. Findings of this study highlight the potential impact of surgical approach on short-term changes in gait asymmetry.     

Mixed qualitative and quantitative approach for validating an information booklet before total hip arthroplasty

Objective

Providing patients with validated information before total hip arthroplasty may help lessen discrepancies between patients’ expectations and the surgical result. This study sought to validate an information booklet for candidates for hip arthroplasty by using a mixed qualitative and quantitative approach based on a panel of patients and a sample of healthcare professionals.

小切口外侧入路与常规切口髋关节置换术治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效评价

目的观察小切口外侧入路与常规切口髋关节置换术治疗股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法将120例股骨颈骨折患者纳入研究,随机分为给予小切口外侧入路髋关节置换术的观察组和给予常规切口髋关节置换术的对照组。观察记录两组患者手术相关指标及远期关节功能情况。结果观察组患者患者手术时间稍短于对照组,住院总费用也低于对照组,但组间比较差异无统计意义(P0.05)。观察组患者的术中出血量、术后下床活动时间、住院总时间均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者的术后3个月、半年以及一年时Harris评分和HSS评分均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论小切口外侧入路髋关节置换术有助于减小手术创伤、促进术后恢复、改善关节功能,且手术时间与常规切口手术相当,是治疗股骨颈骨折的理想方式。     

Impact of being underweight on peri-operative and post-operative outcomes of total knee or hip arthroplasty: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUNDMany systematic reviews have focused on assessing the effect of body mass index (BMI) on the outcomes and complications associated with total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but primarily dealt with obesity compared to normal weight (NW). None of these reviews attempted to assess the effect of low BMI or underweight (UW) compared to NW in patients undergoing THA or TKA.AIMThis review aims to compare specific operative outcomes such as operation duration, length of hospital stay, and post-operative complications including mortality, infections, deep vein thrombosis, etc. along with re-hospitalization and reoperation rates between UW and NW patients undergoing THA, TKA or both.METHODSAn electronic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE), Web of Science (WoS), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) along with a manual search. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cohort studies. The data were subjected to both qualitative and quantitative analysis.RESULTSThirteen retrospective and five prospective cohort studies were included. The quality of included studies was assessed to be good to fair. The length of hospital stay after TKA or THA was found to be significantly higher for UW patients when compared to NW patients, with a mean difference: 0.39 95%CI: [0.06, 0.72], P = 0.02 (in days). Studies presenting both THA and TKA together as total joint arthroplasty showed an increased incidence of mortality in patients treated with THA or TKA alone, Odds ratio: 4.18 95%CI: [2.88, 6.07]. A higher incidence of post-operative complications was also observed in UW patients undergoing THA. CONCLUSIONUW patients undergoing THA or TKA had a higher incidence of post-operative complications and were associated with a higher readmission rate. Moreover, UW patients were associated with an increased incidence of mortality in the studies that reported THA and TKA together.     

Dynamic hip joint stiffness in individuals with total hip arthroplasty: relationships between hip impairments and dynamics of the other joints

Background

Little is known about hip joint stiffness during walking (dynamic joint stiffness) and the effect of hip impairments on biomechanical alterations of other joints in patients with total hip arthroplasty.

Methods

Twenty-four patients (mean age 61.7 years) who underwent unilateral (n = 12) or bilateral total hip arthroplasty (n = 12) and healthy subjects (n = 12) were recruited. In addition to kinematic and kinetic variables, dynamic hip joint stiffness which was calculated as an angular coefficient of linear regression of the plot of the hip flexion moment vs. hip extension angle during the late stance of gait, was measured. Group differences were compared using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test, and relationships between primary hip impairments and secondary gait impairments were found using partial correlation coefficients adjusted for gait speed and stride length.

Findings

Dynamic hip joint stiffness was 47% higher on the side with the more pronounced limp in patients with bilateral arthroplasty than in healthy controls. In the same patients, increased dynamic hip joint stiffness was significantly associated especially with increased ankle plantarflexion moment on the ipsilateral side. In patients with unilateral arthroplasty, decreased hip power was significantly related to increased ankle plantarflexor power, only on the non-operated side.

Interpretation

We found that dynamic hip joint stiffness was an important factor in assessing relationships between hip impairments and dynamics in other joints, especially in patients with bilateral total hip arthroplasty. The effects of altering hip joint stiffness on gait biomechanics need to be explored.