黄体功能不足不孕患者子宫内膜雌孕激素受体的单克隆抗体免疫组？…

采用抗人雌激素受体（ＥＲ）和孕激素受体（ＰＲ）单克隆抗体，对３０例不孕妇女为黄体功能不足（ＬＩＳ组）１４例和对照组１６例，进行ＥＲ、ＰＲ免疫组化测定，放射免疫法（ＲＩＡ）测定黄体中期血清雌二醇（Ｅ２）、孕酮（Ｐ）水平。结果：ＬＩＳ组黄体中期Ｅ２水平明显低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５），孕激素水平与对照组比较，无显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）；两组ＥＲ、ＰＲ染色的阳性位于细胞核内，胸浆中无阳性染色；ＬＩＳ组分泌     

子宫内膜息肉中雌、孕激素受体的表达

目的检测子宫内膜息肉雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)的表达,探索子宫内膜息肉形成的原因及机制。方法子宫内膜息肉48例为观察组,正常子宫内膜36例为对照组,采用免疫组化SP法,行半定量分析,检测ER、PR的表达。结果增殖期的息肉组织中PR表达的评分结果为(2.89±2.16),低于增殖内膜的评分(4.04±1.73),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);分泌期的内膜息肉中ER表达的评分结果为(3.80±1.64),高于分泌期内膜中的评分(2.64±1.45),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论增殖期的子宫内膜息肉中PR的表达降低及分泌期的息肉中ER表达增高可能参与了子宫内膜息肉的形成及发展。     

子宫内膜异位症患者雌、孕激素受体和Bcl-2、Bax表达的研究

目的探讨子宫内膜异位症雌孕激素受体、细胞凋亡相关基因的表达。方法用免疫组织化学方法及图像分析技术检测雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）、B细胞淋巴瘤／白血病基因-2（Bcl-2）、Bcl相关的X蛋白（Bax）在子宫内膜异位症患者异位及在位内膜细胞中的表达情况。结果异位内膜ER、PR、Bcl-2表达明显低于在位内膜（P〈0．05）,异位内膜ER、Bcl-2表达明显高于正常内膜（P〈0．05）,异位内膜Bax表达明显低于正常内膜（P〈0．05）,Bax在异位内膜与在位内膜表达差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论无论是增殖期还是分泌期,在位内膜ER、PR表达均高于异位内膜及正常内膜,在位内膜细胞持续低水平增殖。在位内膜及异位内膜中Bcl-2和Bax的表达均与子宫内膜周期性改变无关,不受卵巢激素调节。     

绝经后补充雌孕激素对子宫内膜增生与抑制的研究

本实验采用核分裂相与增殖核抗原免疫组化染色阳性细为指标，观察大鼠子宫内蓦示同一戊酸雌圩醇的增殖反应，为激素替代治疗预防子宫内墓一提供科学依据。实验选择成年ＳＤ雌性大鼠４０只作为动物模型，分为７组，分别给予不同剂量的戊酸雌二醇和安慰剂，２４小时后观察子宫内膜上皮细胞核分裂与ＰＣＮＡ染色情况。结果：对照组，子宫同膜腔上皮细胞与腺上皮细胞基本无核分裂及ＰＣＮＡ着色；在实验用的几个剂量中，子宫内膜腔上皮细     

子宫内膜异位症和腺肌症患者子宫内膜雌激素受体的时空表达

目的　研究子宫内膜异位症和子宫腺肌症子宫内膜各种细胞中雌激素α和 β受体的表达模式 ,为探索子宫内膜异位症和子宫腺肌症的致病机理提供依据。　方法　 10 8例患有内膜异位症、腺肌症、两症并发组和对照组子宫内膜组织 ,常规光镜下按Noyes分期标准行形态学分期。采用免疫组织化学的方法观察不同月经周期时相子宫内膜腺上皮、基质和血管内皮细胞中雌激素受体ERα和ERβ的表达。　 结果　与对照组相比 ,ERα信号强度在各组相应的细胞类型、相应的时相无显著差异 ,但子宫内膜腺上皮细胞、基质细胞和血管内皮细胞中显示阳性信号的细胞比例增大 ,且腺上皮细胞质普遍出现ERα阳性信号。子宫内膜异位症和腺肌症的血管内皮细胞中ERα阳性细胞数显著增加。ERβ在各组的表达模式与对照组相比无明显差异 ,甚至略呈下降趋势。　结论　人子宫内膜中ERα为雌激素效应的主要受体亚型 ,表达ERα的腺上皮、基质和血管内皮细胞数量的增多以及腺上皮细胞质普遍出现ERα阳性信号可能与这两种疾病的发病密切相关 ;ERβ并不参与这一过程。     

正常月经周期子宫内膜雌激素受体的流式细胞定量及免疫组织化学分析

正常月经周期子宫内膜雌激素受体的流式细胞定量及免疫组织化学分析林晓梅，杨植彬，路荣岱，刘雪芹，王建平使用流式细胞（ＦＣＭ）定量检测并结合免疫组化方法对２７例正常月经周期子宫内膜雌激素受体（ＥＲ）含量及分布做一综合分析，探讨其变化的规律。一、材料与方法...     

无排卵性功能失调性子宫出血患者子宫内膜雌、孕激素受体及基质金属蛋白酶表达变化的研究

目的研究无排卵性功能失调性子宫出血(功血)患者子宫内膜雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、IV型胶原、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)及其抑制物-1(TIMP-1)的表达,探讨无排卵性功血的发病机制。方法采用免疫组化法检测20例正常增殖期子宫内膜(对照组)和66例无排卵性功血患者(病例组)子宫内膜腺上皮和基质细胞ER、PR、IV型胶原、MMP-9及TIMP-1表达。结果病例组子宫内膜腺上皮和基质ER、PR表达高于对照组(P<0.05),MMP-9水平明显增加(P<0.05),MMP-9/TIMP-1比值升高(P<0.01),IV型胶原含量明显下降(P<0.01)。相关分析显示,无排卵性功血患者子宫内膜MMP-9水平与ER、PR均呈正相关(r=0.605,P<0.05;r=0.697,P<0.05)。结论无排卵性功血患者子宫内膜出血原因可能与雌激素作用下ER、PR表达失调有关,且MMP-9水平异常升高,导致细胞外基质过度降解,临床表现为子宫不规则出血。     

雌、孕激素受体在反复移植失败伴慢性子宫内膜炎患者子宫内膜中的表达及意义

目的探讨雌、孕激素受体在子宫内膜中的表达与反复移植失败(RIF)的关系,并分析CD138免疫组化染色法检测对慢性子宫内膜炎(CE)的诊断意义。方法收集2018年1月至2019年6月就诊于兰州大学第一医院生殖医学中心的RIF患者80例(RIF组)和同期未接受过胚胎移植的不孕患者80例(对照组)的临床资料,分别对两组患者子宫内膜组织行CD138免疫组化染色,分析CE与RIF的关系。80例RIF患者中有34例检测雌激素受体(ER)和孕激素受体(PR);并根据是否患有CE再次分组,分为CE组(n=14)和非CE组(n=20),比较两组患者子宫内膜组织中ER和PR的表达情况。结果免疫组化染色发现,RIF组患者子宫内膜组织中的CD138阳性率为17.5%(14/80),对照组CD138阳性率2.5%(2/80),两组间比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。CE组患者子宫内膜间质和腺体中ER的表达水平显著高于非CE组(P<0.05),而子宫内膜中间质及腺体中PR的表达水平在CE组与非CE组间比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论CE与RIF有关,针对具有CE高危因素的患者可以选择CD138免疫组化染色进行检查。在临床工作中,对于CE患者,ER表达的检测可能有助于个性化激素治疗方案的选择。     

不明原因反复自然流产妇女植入窗期子宫内膜形态及雌孕激素受体的表达

目的 探讨不明原因反复自然流产（URM）与植入窗期子宫内膜发育程度以及雌、孕激素受体（ER、PR）表达之间的相关性。方法应用光学显微镜、扫描电镜观察URM（试验组）24例生育妇女（对照组）22例子宫内膜组织学,胞饮小泡密度;免疫组织化学分析ER、PR的表达。结果URM组子宫内膜黄体期缺陷（LPD）的发生率明显高于对照组,胞饮小泡密度低于对照组,子宫内膜上皮细胞核及基质细胞核中PR的表达量也低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。两组子宫内膜ER的表达未见统计学差异。结论URM子宫内膜LPD发生率高,胞饮小泡密度明显低于正常生育妇女,提示植入窗期子宫内膜发育滞后可能是导致胚胎着床障碍、反复自然流产的原因之一。在性激素分泌正常的URM妇女中,子宫内膜PR表达下降,对孕激素反应不足可能是导致内膜形态发育滞后的原因。     

雌、孕激素对卵巢切除小鼠子宫骨桥蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨雌激素和孕激素对卵巢切除小鼠子宫骨桥蛋白（osteopontin,OPN）表达的影响。方法将性成熟雌性昆明小鼠切除卵巢后分为注射芝麻油（对照组）、17β-雌二醇（E组）25ng／只,孕酮（P组）2mg／只,E25ng＋P2mg／只（E＋P组）,给药3d后取小鼠子宫;另设单次注射17β-雌二醇25ng／只（E组）及芝麻油（对照组）后6、12和24h取子宫进行比较。采用免疫组织化学及逆转录-聚合酶链式反应（RT—PCR）法检测小鼠子宫骨桥蛋白的定位及mRNA的转录。结果（1）OPN的免疫染色主要位于子宫内膜腔上皮、腺上皮和间质。对照组均未检测到OPN。E组OPN的免疫染色最强,E＋P组次之,P组最弱。在雌激素作用不同时间,6h在腺上皮OPN的免疫染色弱阳性,12h腺上皮、腔上皮OPN的免疫染色阳性,24h腔上皮、腺上皮和间质均可见较强的OPN免疫染色。（2）E组OPN的mRNA转录水平显著增高,且与E＋P组、P组和对照组相比均有显著性差异（P〈0．05）;E＋P组、P组也可促进OPN的mRNA转录,但与对照组相比差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）。在雌激素作用不同时间,6h、12h和24h组均可检测到OPN的mRNA转录,与对照组比较均有显著性差异（分别为P〈0．05,P〈0．05和P〈0．01）;24h组OPN的mRNA转录显著增高,与6h组和12h组比较均有显著性差异（P〈0．01）,6h组与12h组比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论小鼠子宫内膜的OPN最初是由腺上皮分泌的,雌激素可诱导小鼠子宫内膜OPN的表达,孕激素的作用不明显。     

米非司酮对人蜕膜中雌激素及孕酮受体的影响

本研究观察了服用米非司酮后人蜕膜中雌激素受体（ＥＲ）和孕酮受体（ＰＲ）的变化。６０名孕６～７周的妇女，被随机分为３组。在手术终止妊娠前的１２和２４小时两组中，分别一次性口服米非司酮２００ｍｇ，对照组服用安慰剂。服用米非司酮后，蜕膜中ＥＲ和ＰＲ的免疫组织化学染色反应与对照组比较增强了。卡方分析表明，服用米非司酮后，ＥＲ阳性标本的数量明显增加     

地屈孕酮联合黄体酮对黄体功能不足性流产患者的临床疗效及对细胞因子的影响

目的研究地屈孕酮联合黄体酮治疗黄体功能不足性流产的疗效及可能的免疫学机制。方法选取2015年3月至2016年1月本院门诊诊断为黄体功能不足性流产的妊娠妇女90例,随机分成对照组及观察组。对照组口服黄体酮,200mg/次,1次/d;观察组在对照组的治疗基础上联合地屈孕酮治疗,10mg/次,2次/d;均治疗至症状消失。两组患者治疗前后均采用酶联免疫吸附方法测量Th1型细胞因子(TNF-α、IL-2)和Th2型细胞因子(IL-4、IL-10)的表达水平。结果 (1)观察组的治疗有效率(86.67%)显著高于对照组(62.20%)(P0.05);(2)观察组治疗时间及疼痛消失时间均显著短于对照组(P0.05),并且观察组流产率(6.67%)较对照组(24.44%)显著降低(P0.05);(3)观察组治疗后,Th1型细胞因子(TNF-α,IL-2)表达水平显著降低,而Th2型细胞因子(IL-4,IL-10)表达水平显著升高(均P0.05);对照组治疗后Th1型细胞因子(TNF-α,IL-2)表达显著下降(P0.05),但是Th2型细胞因子(IL-4、IL-10)表达水平在治疗前后无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论地屈孕酮联合黄体酮治疗可以提高黄体功能不足性流产的临床疗效,同时也能明显纠正病理性Th1/Th2的平衡偏移。     

新辅助化疗对乳腺癌雌孕激素受体表达的影响

目的探讨新辅助化疗对乳腺癌雌孕激素受体表达的影响。方法应用免疫组化方法检测31例乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗前后的雌孕激素受体表达情况。结果31例患者中13例（41．9％）雌激素受体表达水平升高,其中7例（22．6％）由阴性转为阳性;10例（32．3％）孕激素受体表达水平升高,其中7例（22．6％）由阴性转为阳性;8例（25．8％）雌孕激素受体表达同时升高,其中4例（12．9％）由雌孕激素受体双阴性转变为雌孕激素受体双阳性。结论新辅助化疗影响雌孕激素受体的表达;新辅助化疗后应重新检测雌孕激素受体,为后续治疗和判断预后提供指导。     

Relationship between the content of estrogen and progesterone receptors and the pathological characteristics in human breast cancer

Assays of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PgR) were performed by using the dextran-coated charcoal (DCC) method in 124 cases of invasive breast cancer. The results were correlated with clinical and pathological characteristics. There was no correlation between steroid hormone receptor contents and menopausal status, size of tumor, axillary lymph node status, or histological type. The presences of ER and PgR were significantly correlated with histological grade and its mitotic component. 78.3% of well-differentiated (Grade I) tumors were ER positive. Of this number, 61.1% were also PgR positive. In contrast, 69.0% of poorly differentiated (Grade III) tumors were ER and PgR negative. Tumors with a prominent lymphoid infiltration demonstrated a low frequency of positive ER and PgR. There was a significant inverse correlation between the degree of lymphoid infiltration and histological grade. These results suggest that the ER and PgR status of tumors may indicate a malignancy, and prognostic information can thus be obtained independently of other known factors such as size of the tumor and axillary lymph node status.     

c-myc对大鼠黄体细胞人绒毛膜促性腺激素诱导的孕酮和雌二醇生成的影响

应用离体细胞体外孵育法研究了反义ｃ ｍｙｃ寡脱氧核苷酸（反义ｃ ｍｙｃＯＤＮ）对大鼠黄体细胞人绒毛膜促性腺激素（ｈＣＧ）诱导的孕酮（Ｐ）和雌二醇（Ｅ２）生成的影响及其与外源性ｃＡＭＰ和Ｃａ２＋的关系。结果发现，反义ｃ ｍｙｃＯＤＮ能呈剂量相关方式抑制黄体细胞ｈＣＧ诱导的Ｐ和Ｅ２的生成。在浓度分别为１０和５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ时的抑制作用即具有显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）；而无义ｔａｔ寡脱氧核苷酸则无此作用。反义ｃ ｍｙｃＯＤＮ对黄体细胞ｈＣＧ诱导的Ｐ和Ｅ２产生的抑制作用能被加入１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ二丁酰ｃＡＭＰ逆转，钙离子通道阻断剂维拉帕米对此种抑制作用具有协同效应。结果提示，ｃ ｍｙｃ癌基因参与黄体细胞ｈＣＧ诱导的Ｐ和Ｅ２生成的调控。     

原位杂交检测孕酮受体mRNA在周期子宫内膜的表达

应用地高辛标记的探针进行原位杂交，检测周期内膜各组分的孕酮受体（ＰＲ）ｍＲＮＡ的表达。内膜取自子宫肌瘤患者，子宫全切术后即取内膜及部分肌层，储于液氮。据月经史及形态表现将内膜分为三期：增殖、分泌早期及中晚分泌期。结果显示，ＰＲｍＲＮＡ在子宫内膜的表达有明显的组织／细胞差异。基质细胞普遍表达ＰＲｍＲＮＡ，增殖期与分泌期比较无明显差异。中晚分泌期内膜腺体细胞ＰＲｍＲＮＡ的表达极低甚至不表达，且无明显的表浅及深层的表达差异。提示子宫内膜孕酮受体至少在腺体上可能存在转录水平的调节。     

Quantitative relationships between cytosol and nuclear estrogen and progesterone receptors in the R3327 prostatic carcinoma of rats treated with diethylstilbestrol

Estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER, PgR) were quantitated by Scatchard analysis in cytosolic and nuclear extracts of R3327H prostatic carcinomas from rats injected with 100 micrograms diethylstilbestrol or with vehicle for 1-3 weeks. Total tissue ER concentrations were less than 80 fm/mg DNA in control tumors and were not significantly higher in treated tumors: however, in the latter, a significantly higher proportion (73 +/- 16%) was associated with the nuclear fraction than in the control tumors (less than 33%). Mean PgR concentrations were more than seven-fold higher in treated than in control tumors, and approximately 25% of the total was associated with the nuclear fraction in both treated and control tumors, under the assay conditions used. There was a strong linear correlation between nuclear ER and PgR concentrations. These data indicate that although ER concentration in these tumors was low compared with that in female target organs, it was functional in its ability to associate with the nuclear fraction and induce synthesis of an estrogen-induced protein (PgR) in proportionate amounts.     

Estrogen and progesterone receptors in gallbladder cancer

Cancerous tissues from 21 patients with primary gallbladder cancer were examined immuno-histochemically for the presence of receptors for estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PGR). ER and PGR, localized in the nucleus, were evident in 52.4 per cent and 0 per cent of the patients, respectively. Furthermore, ER and PGR were positive only in the cytoplasm of cancer cells in 28.6 per cent and 66.7 per cent, respectively. There was a higher tendency of moderately- and poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma to have an ER-positive rate than well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. With respect to the relationship between ER and sex, ER-positive nuclei were observed in 8 of 14 women (57.1 per cent) and 3 of 7 men (42.9 per cent), but the difference between the two was not significant due to the small number of subjects. These result suggested that gallbladder cancers with ER in the nuclei may respond to antihormone therapy.     

雌、孕激素作用后小鼠子宫内膜细胞中核因子-κB的表达

目的　探讨不同浓度雌、孕激素对小鼠子宫内膜细胞核因子 κB(NF κB)表达的影响。　方法　采用去势雌性昆明小鼠模型 ,分为假手术、雌激素、孕激素及雌、孕激素联合组 ,采用免疫组织化学方法检测给药后小鼠子宫内膜NF κB的表达。　结果　雌激素浓度为 30及 10 0 μg·kg-1·d-1时均可促进小鼠子宫内膜细胞NF κB的表达 (P <0 .0 1) ,但无明显的量效相关性 (P >0 .0 5 )。单用孕激素降低子宫内膜细胞胞浆中NF κB的表达 (P <0 .0 1)。雌、孕激素联合促进细胞浆及细胞核的NF κB表达 (P <0 .0 1)。　结论　雌激素可上调小鼠子宫内膜细胞NF κB的表达 ,而孕激素对其表达呈降调节作用 ;NF κB途径可能参与了雌、孕激素对子宫内膜容受性建立的调节     

Effects of progesterone and estrogen on endothelial dysfunction in porcine coronary arteries

BACKGROUND: The effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the vascular endothelium have been controversial. In this study, we determined the effects of HRT on endothelium-dependent relaxation in a porcine coronary artery model. METHODS: Coronary artery rings harvested from female swine were incubated as controls or with estrogen (10(-9), 10(-8), 10(-7) g/L), progesterone (1 x 10(-6), 1 x 10(-5), 5 x 10(-5) g/L), or a combination of the two (10(-8)g/L estrogen, 1 x 10(-5)g/L progesterone). After 24 h in tissue culture, the rings were tested on a myograph system to measure contraction and endothelium-dependent relaxation. Myograph analysis was performed with the thromboxane A2 analogue U46619 for contraction and bradykinin or sodium nitroprusside for relaxation. Nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) levels were determined by immunohistochemistry. Levels of superoxide anion in the progesterone or estrogen treated tissues were assessed by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence analysis. RESULTS: In response to 10(-7)M bradykinin, porcine coronary artery rings treated with 1 x 10(-6), 1 x 10(-5) and 5 x 10(-5) g/L of progesterone showed a significant reduction in endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by 36%, 45%, and 68%, respectively, as compared to controls (P <0.05). However, rings treated with estrogen showed no significant difference as compared to controls. Furthermore, estrogen treatment with progesterone reversed the effect of progesterone, showing no difference in vessel relaxation as compared to controls. There were no differences in endothelium-independent vasorelaxation (sodium nitroprusside) or in smooth muscle contractility (U46619) between the control and the hormone-treated groups. The eNOS immunoreactivity was reduced in progesterone-treated coronary artery rings. Furthermore, coronary endothelium exposed to progesterone showed a 59% increase in superoxide anion production, while estrogen produced a 67% decrease when compared to controls (P <0.05 for both). CONCLUSION: This data suggests that the progesterone component of HRT has a detrimental influence on endothelium-dependent relaxation. This effect appears to be related to decreased eNOS levels, as well as increased consumption of NO by superoxide anion in the endothelium of tissues exposed to progesterone. Estrogen can block progesterone-induced endothelial dysfunction and superoxide anion production in the pig coronary artery model.