复方丹参注射液治疗小儿急性下呼吸道感染的临床观察

目的：探讨复方丹参注射液治疗小儿急性下呼吸道感染的疗效。方法：小儿急性下呼吸道感染病例100例，随机分成治疗组与对照组各50例观察其疗效。结果：治疗组治愈率为54％，有效率为38％，对照组治愈率为32％，有效率为42％。治疗组疗效明显优于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论：采用复方丹参注射液治疗小儿急性下呼吸道感染可改善症状，提高疗效，且无任何副作用，值得推广应用。     

热毒宁注射液治疗儿童呼吸道感染疗效观察

目的:探讨热毒宁注射液对儿童呼吸道感染的疗效和安全性。方法:90例儿童呼吸道感染患者随机分为观察组和对照组各45例。观察组给予热毒宁注射液按0.5~0.8 mg/(kg.d),加入5%葡萄糖注射液或生理盐水中静脉滴注,1次/d,连用3 d,对照组给予抗生素、抗病毒药物治疗3 d。结果:观察组在退热、临床症状改善方面显著优于对照组,且未见明显不良反应。结论:热毒宁注射液治疗儿童呼吸道感染疗效显著。     

细辛脑注射液佐治小儿下呼吸道感染临床观察

目的探讨细辛脑注射液治疗小儿下呼吸道感染的临床疗效。方法治疗组60例，并设同期住院病情相似的患儿40例为对照组，两组抗生素抗病毒及对症治疗方案基本相同，治疗组用细辛脑注射液0．5～1mg／（kg·d）静脉滴注，比较两组的疗效。结果治疗组及对照组比较，在咳嗽、肺部体征、胸片恢复正常时间方面均明显缩短（均为P〈0．01）。结论细辛脑注射液治疗小儿下呼吸道感染疗效显著。     

加替沙星注射液治疗老年急性下呼吸道感染的临床分析

回顾性分析2011年3月~2012年5月在我院呼吸内科接受治疗的80例老年急性下呼吸道感染患者的临床资料。将资料随机分为对照组(35例)和治疗组(45例),对照组采用头孢曲松钠进行治疗,治疗组采用加替沙星进行治疗。分析两组患者的临床症状、实际体征情况以及不良反应等因素。结果两组患者的临床症状均获得了良好的改善,对照组的总有效率为88.6%,治疗组的总有效率为97.8%,治疗组的临床疗效明显优于对照组,而对照组的总有效率低于治疗组。在老年急性下呼吸道感染治疗中,加替沙星的治疗效果明显优于头孢曲松钠的治疗效果,且无任何副作用产生,不良反应的发生率也较低,值得在临床治疗上做进一步推广和应用。     

痰热清注射液治疗76例小儿下呼吸道感染临床效果观察

选取我中心治疗的76例下呼吸道感染的小儿患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组各38例,对照组患儿给予抗感染等常规治疗,治疗组患儿在对照组的基础上加用痰热清注射液治疗,比较两组患儿的临床效果和临床症状消失时间。治疗组患儿的总有效率为92.11%,对照组为78.95%,两组临床有效率比较差异具有显著性(P0.05);治疗组患儿的发热、气喘、肺罗音、咳嗽等临床症状体征消失时间均显著小于对照组患儿(P0.05);两组不良反应发生差异无显著性(P0.05)。痰热清注射液治疗小儿下呼吸道感染,能有效缩短症状改善时间,临床效果显著。     

参麦注射液辅助治疗老年下呼吸道感染临床观察

2001年1月至2002年1月以参麦注射液联合头孢噻肟钠、环丙沙星液、病毒唑治疗重症老年下呼吸道感染30例，收到较好效果，现报告如下。     

莫西沙星注射液治疗下呼吸道感染的临床效果及应用安全性研究

目的 研究分析莫西沙星注射液治疗下呼吸道感染的临床效果及应用安全性.方法 选取江阴市第五人民医院2018年10月至2020年10月收治的下呼吸道感染患者60例,经随机数字表法进行分组,参照组30例患者采用左氧氟沙星注射液治疗,研讨组30例患者采用莫西沙星注射液治疗,研究分析两组患者的临床效果、应用安全性、血常规和C-反...     

112例呼吸道合胞病毒下呼吸道感染临床特征分析

人类呼吸道合胞病毒（hRSV）是婴幼儿下呼吸道感染最常见的病原之一，健康儿童第1次感染RSV后约有1／3发生下呼吸道疾病，0．5％-2％病例因症状严重需住院治疗。为总结住院儿童RSV感染的临床特点，现将hRSV下呼吸道感染112例分析报道如下。     

热毒宁注射液改善呼吸道感染患儿临床疗效分析

目的：评估热毒宁注射液在临床上用于治疗呼吸道感染患儿的发热、流涕、咳嗽等临床表现的疗效及安全性。方法：119例6个月～10岁呼吸道感染患儿，随机分为治疗组（热毒宁注射液）和对照组（病毒唑）。观察两组治疗前后1、3、5天发热、流涕、咳嗽评分及综合评分变化。结果：治疗组、对照组治疗后发热、流涕、咳嗽的有效率及缩短上述表现持续时间均优于对照组（P〈0．05）；治疗组治疗5天后临床症状改善的总有效率高于对照组。结论：热毒宁注射液对于改善呼吸道感染患儿的发热、流涕、咳嗽等临床症状疗效显著。     

下呼吸道感染126例临床分析

目的 探讨下呼吸道感染的临床对策.方法 通过诊断,对症采用适当的抗生素.结果 下呼吸道感染多为慢性肺部疾病与真菌感染.结论 要重视患者基础疾病治疗,加强支持治疗和重建免疫机制,尽量减少并发症的发生;适当缩短住院时间合理使用抗菌素是减少呼吸病房内下呼吸道感染的主要措施.     

下呼吸道感染126例临床分析

目的探讨下呼吸道感染的临床对策。方法通过诊断,对症采用适当的抗生素。结果下呼吸道感染多为慢性肺部疾病与真菌感染。结论要重视患者基础疾病治疗,加强支持治疗和重建免疫机制,尽量减少并发症的发生;适当缩短住院时间合理使用抗菌素是减少呼吸病房内下呼吸道感染的主要措施。     

Preliminary report on DU-6859a for lower respiratory tract infection

The efficacy, safety, and clinical utility of DU-6859a, a novel “new quinolone” antibacterial agent, were evaluated in patients with mild-to-moderate pneumonia or chronic respiratory tract infection (RTI) in a multicenter study. DU-6859a was administered orally after meals at a dose of 50 to 100 mg, mainly twice daily, for 6 to 14 days. The clinical efficacy rate was 100% (26/26) for pneumonia and 89% (66/74) for chronic RTI, for an overall clinical efficacy rate of 92% (92/100). The overall eradication rate of causative organisms was 76% (42/55). Among the main causative organisms,Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, andPseudomonas aeruginosa had eradication rates of 100% (14/14), 100% (13/13), and 27% (4/15), respectively. Side effects such as abdominal discomfort, soft stools, headache, or swelling of the face and lips were observed in 5.6% (6/107) of patients; most of these symptoms were mild. Abnormal laboratory test findings, such as elevation of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and/or glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and eosinophilia, were noted in 16.5% (17/103) of patients; most of these abnormalities were mild. In conclusion, DU-6859a (50 to 100 mg b.i.d.) showed excellent efficacy for pneumonia and chronic RTI without causing any severe, clinically significant adverse reactions. These findings show that DU-6859a is worthy of further clinical study for the treatment of RTI.     

患儿下呼吸道感染的主要病原菌及其药敏分析

目的探讨患儿下呼吸道感染的致病菌及其药敏试验情况,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法标本经分离培养,用VITER-AMS微生物自动分析仪做鉴定菌种和药敏试验,同时对大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌进行超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)检测。结果在819例患儿痰标本中共分离出病原菌256株,阳性率为31.26%。其中革兰氏阴性杆菌238株,占92.97%,主要为肺炎克雷伯菌(74株)、大肠埃希菌(69株)、鲍曼不动杆菌(58株)等,肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌ESBLs检出率分别为24.5%和48.5%,产ESBLs株呈上升趋势。致病菌对大部分抗生素有较高的耐药性。结论患儿下呼吸道感染病原菌主要以革兰氏阴性杆菌为主,且条件致病菌所致感染有上升趋势,药敏试验呈多重耐药性。临床应根据细菌培养和药敏试验结果合理选用抗生素,为患儿取得最佳的防治效果。     

Human coronavirus infection among children with acute lower respiratory tract infection in Thailand

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to further identify the previously uncharacterized human coronavirus 229E (hCoV-229E) and human coronavirus OC43 (hCoV-OC43) in Thailand by using the RT-PCR technique. In addition, we performed this study in order to delineate the prevalence, the potential clinical impacts and evaluation of the genetic characterization of this pathogen in young children who presented with acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI). METHODS: We obtained nasopharyngeal secretions (NPs) from 226 children <5 years of age who were either attending the outpatient department or hospitalized with ALRI from March 2002 to July 2003. All clinical, laboratory, RT-PCR, direct sequencing and phylogenetic analysis data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 226 NPs samples from infants and young children presented with ALRI, 8 (3.54%) were positive for hCoV-229E, 2 (0.88%) were positive for hCoV-OC43, and 1 (0.44%) had co-infection. The following clinical presentations were noted: fever (100%), rhinitis (44%), acute bronchiolitis (44%), viral pneumonia (33%), viral pneumonia triggering asthma exacerbation (11%) as well as viral pneumonia causing BPD exacerbation (11%). All positive samples were subjected to direct sequencing. The amino acid sequences had 82-99% similarity to previous sequences stored in the GenBank database. CONCLUSION: The molecular technique we applied to detect human coronavirus appears justified as a valuable diagnostic approach to elucidate the prevalence, cause and clinical implications of ALRI among infants and young children.     

超鞭毛虫参与下呼吸道感染32例临床分析

目的 探讨在下呼吸道感染中检出超鞭毛虫的临床意义.方法 回顾性分析32例超鞭毛虫感染患者的临床资料、胸部影像学表现、纤维支气管镜和病原学检查结果.结果 32例患者临床表现为发热27例,盗汗23例,咳嗽30例.喘息4例;19例有基础疾病;血嗜酸粒细胞增高8例;32例均在呼吸道分泌物中查见活超鞭毛虫;16例肺炎和肺脓肿患者呼吸道分泌物细菌培养8例阳性;胸部影像学以肺部多叶段渗出性斑片影或大片叶段实变影伴周围局限性模糊斑片影多见;支气管镜检查可见有管腔内急性炎症反应的表现;患者经甲硝唑治疗预后良好.结论 超鞭毛虫下呼吸道感染在本地区占有一定的比率,以下呼吸道机会感染和混合感染为主.     

Management of respiratory syncytial virus with lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children requiring pediatric hospitalizations. Infants with chronic lung, cardiac, or neuromuscular conditions are at increased risk for RSV infection. Early RSV is associated with subsequent diagnosis of reactive airway disease. The management of RSV with lower respiratory track infection in infants and children remains controversial. Bronchodilators may have some short-term benefit, but are not recommended as standard practice for infants and children. Antiviral therapy may be used for high-risk and severely ill patients. Corticosteroids may be effective in cases of moderate to severe RSV with lower respiratory track infection. Monoclonal antibodies have shown some promise in achieving passive immunity for those at greatest risk, including preterm infants younger than 1 year or infants younger than 2 years with chronic lung disease. Emergency management remains primarily supportive, with vigilant monitoring of oxygenation and hydration status. Interventions include supplemental oxygen therapy, ventilation, and fluid and nutrition therapy. Respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis for high-risk patients includes intramuscular injections of palivizumab (Synagis) each month during RSV season, from November through April. Prevention strategies include washing hands, cleaning environment surfaces, and isolating infants and children with RSV in the emergency care area.     

血清降钙素原检测指导下呼吸道感染患儿抗生素合理应用的探讨

目的探讨血清降钙素原检测结果在下呼吸道感染患儿治疗中的应用及效果。方法选择2012年8月至2013年3月住院治疗的200例下呼吸道感染患儿为研究对象。随机分为两组,即标准抗生素治疗组(对照组)和降钙素原指导下抗生素治疗组(降钙原组),各100例,比较观察两组患儿临床症状和体征消失时间、住院时间、住院费用、治疗疗效、抗生素使用率和使用时间、抗生素费用。结果降钙原组患儿治疗总有效率、临床症状和体征消失时间与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但是,降钙原组抗生素使用率和使用时间及费用、住院时间和费用均明显低于对照组,两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论在血清降钙素原检测结果指导下治疗下呼吸道感染患儿能够明显减少患儿住院时间、住院费用,降低抗生素使用率,减少抗生素使用时间。     

上海市儿童下呼吸道感染常见病毒诊断方法比较

目的应用直接免疫荧光法（DFA）和多重逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）对呼吸道感染患儿鼻咽分泌物的常见病毒进行检测,比较2种方法的符合率并评估其临床应用价值。方法选取急性呼吸道感染患儿鼻咽分泌物540例,分别用DFA和多重RT-PCR进行检测,分析其结果。结果 DFA检测阳性率为43.9%（237/540）,多重RT-PCR检测阳性率为55.7%（301/540）,多重RT-PCR阳性检出率显著高于DFA的阳性检出率（χ2=29.093,P〈0.01）。DFA和多重RT-PCR同时阳性163例,DFA阳性而多重RT-PCR阴性74例,多重RT-PCR阳性而DFA阴性138例,DFA和多重RT-PCR同时阴性165例。DFA和多重RT-PCR同时为阳性的163例标本中,有15例标本两者检测结果不一致,符合率为91.0%。结论 DFA快速、简便、特异性及敏感性高,适用于临床检测。多重RT-PCR的敏感性高,检测病毒谱广,且可以做亚型鉴定,适用于呼吸道病毒流行病学的调查。     

儿童急性下呼吸道感染病毒感染的检测与分析

目的研究分析儿童急性下呼吸道感染病毒病原的构成特点。方法收集临床162例确诊急性下呼吸道感染病例的肺泡灌洗液,用试剂盒法进行病毒核酸提取和检测。结果162例急性下呼吸道感染病例中病毒感染阳性病例119例,阳性率73．5％。119例阳性病例中检出：流行性感冒病毒（IFV）3例、呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）22例、腺病毒（ADV）4例、副流感病毒（PIV）46例、偏肺病毒（hMPV）17例、冠状病毒（COV）6例、博卡病毒（HBoV）20例。其中混合性感染47例,占29％,两种病毒混合感染38例,三种病毒混合感染8例,四种病毒混合感染1例。结论病毒是儿童急性下呼吸道感染的重要感染原因,患儿感染呈混合性感染趋势,两种病毒感染情况最多见。