不同浓度左旋布比卡因复合舒芬太尼用于产妇分娩镇痛的效果评价

目的评不同浓度的左旋布比卡因复合舒芬太尼用于产妇分娩硬膜外自控镇痛的临床效果。方法 120例拟行硬膜外分娩镇痛的初产妇随机分为4组,每组30例,分别予以0.075%（A组）、0.1%（B组）、0.125%（C组）、0.15%（D组）的左旋布比卡因＋0.4μg/ml舒芬太尼进行硬膜外镇痛,VAS评分≤30 mm认为镇痛有效。记录各组病人的镇痛有效率,第一、第二产程时间、运动阻滞评分、新生儿Apgar评分以及不良反应等指标。结果 A、B、C、D组病人镇痛有效率分别为77%（23/30）、87%（26/30）、90%（27/30）和93%（28/30）。D组有1例运动阻滞发生。结论 0.1%和0.125%左旋布比卡因复合0.4μg/ml舒芬太尼能够为产妇提供安全可靠的镇痛。     

罗哌卡因、布比卡因复合舒芬太尼分娩镇痛的比较观察

目的 比较罗哌卡因和布比卡因复合舒芬太尼硬膜外腔分娩镇痛对产程与分娩方式的影响. 方法 选择初产妇105例,随机分为两组.A组:0.15%罗哌卡因+舒芬太尼0.25 ug/ml(n=35),B组:0.15%布比卡因+舒芬太尼0.25 ug/ml(n=35),C组为正常分娩未接受镇痛的35例为对照组. 结果 A组与B组镇痛效果相比无显著性差异;3组间的产程无显著性差异;器械助产率和剖宫产率A组明显低于B组和对照组(P＜0.01);新生儿Apgar评分3组间无显著性差异. 结论 硬膜外腔低浓度罗哌卡因和布比卡因辅以小剂量舒芬太尼用于分娩镇痛,都能取得满意的镇痛效果,对产程进展和新生儿无明显影响.罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼使用者,其器械助产率和剖宫产率最低是较可取的分娩镇痛方法.     

罗哌卡因与舒芬太尼不同配伍用于产妇硬膜外分娩镇痛的临床研究

目的观察0.1%与0.125%罗哌卡因复合小剂量舒芬太尼用于产妇分娩硬膜外镇痛的临床效果。方法 75例拟行硬膜外分娩镇痛的初产妇随机分为3组,每组25例,A组产妇予以0.1%罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼0.67μg/ml硬膜外分娩镇痛,B组予0.125%罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼0.83μg/ml硬膜外分娩镇痛,C组产妇为对照组,不予镇痛处理。观察镇痛效果（采用VAS评分）、运动阻滞程度（采用Bromage法）、生命体征、产后出血量、Apgar评分、产程、分娩方式。结果三组产妇生命体征平稳,产后出血量、Apgar评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,三组剖宫产率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;A组与B组运动阻滞程度差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,镇痛效果确切,应用前后比较及与C组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论 0.1%罗哌卡因与0.125%罗哌卡因复合小剂量舒芬太尼用于硬膜外分娩镇痛安全、有效。     

左旋布比卡因复合舒芬太尼硬膜外麻醉在剖宫产术中的应用

目的探讨小剂量舒芬太尼复合左旋布比卡因硬膜外麻醉用于产科手术的临床疗效及安全性。方法选择60例ASAI～Ⅱ级的剖宫产产妇,随机分为S和B两组,每组各30例。S组给予0.5%左旋布比卡因13ml加舒芬太尼20ug（1m1）,B组给予0.5%左旋布比卡因13ml加生理盐水1ml。术中连续监测呼吸和循环状况,评估麻醉效果、不良反应和新生儿情况。结果 S组的感觉阻滞起效时间,平面达T10的时间及达到最高阻滞平面的时间均明显短于B组（P〈0.01）;S组最高阻滞平面明显高于B组（P〈0.01）,两组不良反应、Apgar评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0.01）。结论剖宫产手术产妇硬膜外左旋布比卡因复合小剂量舒芬太尼的麻醉效果明显优于单纯应用左旋布比卡因,对新生儿Apgar评分无明显影响。     

低浓度罗哌卡因联合舒芬太尼于潜伏期行渐进式分娩镇痛的临床观察

目的观察低浓度罗哌卡因联合舒芬太尼用于第一产程潜伏期行渐进式分娩镇痛的临床效果以及对产程和新生儿的影响。方法 120例拟行硬膜外分娩镇痛的初产妇随机分为两组,每组60例。Ⅰ组(渐进镇痛组):于产妇宫口大于1厘米,并规律宫缩时行硬膜外分娩镇痛,首次用药为0.08%罗哌卡因+0.5ug/ml舒芬太尼10~15ml,后持续泵注0.1%罗哌卡因+0.5ug/ml舒芬太尼;Ⅱ组(对照组):于产妇宫口大于3厘米时行硬膜外分娩镇痛,首次用药为0.1%罗哌卡因+0.5ug/ml舒芬太尼10~15ml,后持续泵注0.1%罗哌卡因+0.5ug/ml舒芬太尼。记录两组产妇各时点的VAS评分、Bromage评分、不良反应、产程进展、缩宫素使用情况、新生儿APgar评分。结果Ⅰ组潜伏期时间比Ⅱ组缩短(P0.05),镇痛效果满意(P0.05)。两组产妇的Bromage评分、不良反应、新生儿APgar评分差异均无统计学意义。结论产妇潜伏期行分娩镇痛,首次用药0.08%罗哌卡因+0.5ug/ml舒芬太尼,后持续泵注0.1%罗哌卡因+0.5ug/ml舒芬太尼,镇痛效果满意,可缩短第一产程,适用于潜伏期就有镇痛需求的产妇。     

左旋布比卡因复合舒芬太尼在硬膜外分娩镇痛中的应用

目的 探讨左旋布比卡因复合舒芬太尼在硬膜外分娩镇痛中的临床效果.方法 选取100例分娩镇痛的初产妇按照随机数字法平均分为对照组和研究组,对照组50例予以0.5μg/mL舒芬太尼复合0.1%罗哌卡因自控镇痛,研究组50例予以0.5μg/mL舒芬太尼复合0.1%左旋布比卡因自控镇痛.比较两组产妇视觉模拟评分(VAS)、产程时间、新生儿Apgar评分、运动阻滞(Bromage)评分、分娩方式、催产素使用情况以及不良反应发生情况.结果 研究组产妇在宫口开3、5、8、10 cm时VAS疼痛评分显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).两组产妇自然分娩产程时间比较差异无统计学意义.两组新生儿在1 min、5 min时Apgar评分比较差异无统计学意义.两组产妇Bromage评分比较差异无统计学意义.两组产妇分娩方式和催产素使用率比较差异无统计学意义.两组产妇不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义.结论 左旋布比卡因复合舒芬太尼在硬膜外分娩镇痛相较于罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼而言,镇痛效果更好.     

罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼在产妇分娩镇痛中的应用

目的观察不同浓度的罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼用于产妇分娩硬膜外自控镇痛的临床效果。方法 150例拟行硬膜外分娩镇痛的初产妇随机分为5组,每组30例,分别予以0.05%（A组）、0.075%（B组）、0.1%（C组）、0.125%（D组）、0.15%（E组）的罗哌卡因＋0.5μg/ml舒芬太尼进行硬膜外镇痛。结果镇痛有效率分别为47%,67%,77%,83%,87%。E组有1例运动阻滞发生。结论 0.1%～0.125%罗哌卡因复合0.5μg/ml舒芬太尼能够为产妇分娩提供安全可靠的镇痛。     

舒芬太尼复合左旋布比卡因在连续臂从神经阻滞术后镇痛的浓度探讨

目的:探讨舒芬太尼复合左旋布比卡因在连续臂从神经阻滞术后镇痛的合适浓度。方法:上肢手术患者90例,采用套管针行改良肌间沟法连续臂从神经阻滞,并保留套管针术后接患者自控镇痛泵。A组0.4μg/ml舒芬太尼加0.125%左旋布比卡因术后镇痛;B组0.5μg/ml舒芬太尼加0.125%左旋布比卡因术后镇痛;C组0.6μg舒芬太尼加0.125%左旋布比卡因术后镇痛。3组背景剂量均为4ml/h,自控药量每次2ml,锁定时间15min。观察术后镇痛效果、运动阻滞程度、镇静程度、镇痛泵使用情况及恶心、呕吐、呼吸抑制等不良反应。结果:A组镇痛效果较B、C两组差,B、C两组镇痛效果无显著性差异。3组运动阻滞程度、镇静程度和不良反应无显著性差异。结论:0.5μg/ml舒芬太尼联合0.125%左旋布比卡因用于连续臂丛神经阻滞术后镇痛即可获得满意镇痛效果,同时不增加不良反应发生率。     

0.15%罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼用于硬膜外分娩镇痛

目的研究0.15%罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼采用自控硬膜外镇痛(PCEA)方式进行分娩镇痛的临床效果。方法选择30例足月初产妇,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级,随机分为两组:镇痛组(n=15)自愿要求硬膜外镇痛的足月初产妇,宫口开2~3 cm时行硬膜外穿刺置管,注入0.15%罗哌卡因与0.25μg/ml舒芬太尼及50μg/ml氟哌利多的混合镇痛液8~10 ml,使镇痛平面控制在T10以下,PCEA基础注药速率为2~4 ml/h,自控镇痛量为2 ml,锁定时间为15 min。对照组(n=15)随机选择同期非镇痛足月初产妇。观察两组产妇疼痛情况、产程、分娩方式、分娩时间及新生儿Apgar评分。结果研究组产妇镇痛有效率达100%,两组产程、新生儿Apgar评分及副作用差异无显著性。结论使用0.15%罗哌卡因复合0.25μg/ml舒芬太尼自控硬膜外镇痛分娩的方法简便、安全,临床效果良好。     

罗哌卡因联合舒芬太尼在分娩镇痛中的临床效果研究

目的观察罗哌卡因联合舒芬太尼在分娩镇痛中的临床效果。方法选择足月头位单胎,拟行阴道分娩的初产妇150例,ASAI~Ⅱ级,随机分为3组。镇痛A组50例(腰麻选用0.2%罗哌卡因2 ml,硬膜外给药选用0.1%罗哌卡因7~10 ml),镇痛B组50例(腰麻时给予5μg舒芬太尼,硬膜外给药配比0.1%罗哌卡因复合0.4μg/ml舒芬太尼,背景剂量为4 ml/h,产妇自控给药量5 ml/次,锁定时间30 min)。观察记录各组镇痛效果、产程、新生儿Apgar评分、不良反应等指标。结果镇痛组产妇镇痛满意度与对照组相比,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);镇痛A组和镇痛B组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组产妇产程时间、剖宫产率、胎儿娩出后1、5 min的Apgar评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。镇痛组产妇未出现运动阻滞,基本上做到了"可行走分娩镇痛"。镇痛A组的不良反应发生率高于其他两组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);镇痛B组与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 0.1%罗哌卡因复合0.4μg/ml舒芬太尼用于腰-硬膜外分娩镇痛安全有效且副作用少。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.