裂隙灯显微镜的光路调整方法

裂隙灯显微镜是眼科常用的基本检查设备，其检查范围十分广泛，因此其不仅是眼科医生检查的重要设备．也是配镜验光人员必备和必须掌握的仪器。裂隙灯显微镜．顾名思义就是裂隙灯与显微镜相结合，裂隙灯灯光透过一个裂隙对眼睛进行照明，即一条窄缝光源．以一定的角度照射于眼睛即形成了一个光学切片，     

青光眼患者必须做的5项检查

1 裂隙灯检查 裂隙灯检查（裂隙灯活体显微镜检查）是眼科必备的常规检查方法，需要在暗室中进行。检查时．患者将下巴放在下颌托上，前额向前顶住额带，睁眼平视前方。医生将一束裂隙状的强光源照射到眼睛前段．通过显微镜的放大作用，观察眼睛前节的结构，如结膜、角膜、前房、房水、虹膜、瞳孔、晶状体等。     

裂隙灯显微镜裂隙照明亮度不足的原因与处理

裂隙灯显微镜裂隙照明亮度不足的原因与处理山西医学院第一附属医院王昱，许翠萍［摘要］裂隙灯显微镜是眼科必备的精密光学诊断仪器。使用该仪器最易遇到的问题是裂隙照明亮度不足，以致误诊。同时又因对导致亮度不足的原因处理不当，常造成光学系统的永久性损坏。本文所...     

裂隙灯显微镜联合90D前置镜在准分子激光术前眼底检查中的应用

目的探讨裂隙灯显微镜联合90D前置镜应用于准分子激光术前眼底检查中的可行性。方法对拟行准分子激光手术的480例（945眼）进行自然瞳孔下欧堡全景200激光扫描眼底拍照,散瞳后行裂隙灯显微镜联合90D前置镜检查眼底,再用三面镜进一步详细检查,对有临床意义的严重视网膜病变作记录。以三面镜检查结果为标准,评价欧堡全景200激光扫描眼底检查、裂隙灯显微镜联合90D前置镜检查对严重视网膜病变的检出情况。结果480例（945眼）中,用欧堡全景200激光扫描眼底检查、裂隙灯显微镜联合90D前置镜眼底检查、三面镜眼底检查发现有临床意义的严重视网膜病变数分别为12例（18眼,1．9％）、45例（49眼,5．2％）、47例（52眼,5．5％）。以三面镜检查结果为金标准,欧堡全景200激光扫描检眼镜对眼底严重病变检出率为34．61％,而90D前置镜的检出率为94．23％,差异有统计学意义（x2=40．32,P〈0．01）。90D前置镜对不同屈光度患者的眼底病变检出情况与三面镜检查结果比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论裂隙灯显微镜联合90D前置镜对眼底严重病变检出率高,且方便、快速,视野广,无直接接触,减少交叉感染,可很好地应用于准分子激光术前不同屈光度患者的眼底检查中。     

一种可调式裂隙灯显微镜检查支托

裂隙灯显微镜是眼科进行检查最常用的仪器,为了方便检查和治疗,作者曾制作一种简便裂隙灯显微镜检查支托(见《医疗卫生装备》1993年第6期第39页),较好地解决了检查治疗时出现手臂悬空不稳、易疲劳、病人不适等问题,既方便了工作,也增加了临床效果。但不足之处是可调范围小。因此,作者设计了一种“可调式裂隙灯显微镜检查支托”。     

便携式视频显微镜光源的改造

目的：改造便携式视频显微镜的光源,以获得充足的照明。方法：改造LED手电筒灯头为vibao-v36 USB便携式显微镜照明;自主设计、定制LED灯头或同轴光纤接头为Tetracam ZTC-305便携式数字显微镜照明。结果：vibao-v36 USB便携式显微镜可采用改造的LED手电筒灯头照明;Tetracam ZTC-305可采用自主设计、定制的LED灯头或同轴光纤接头照明。结论：便携式视频显微镜的光源经过改造,能够为远距离手术操作提供充足的照明。     

裂隙灯在隐形眼镜验配中的应用

探讨裂隙灯显微镜这一眼科常用设备，在隐形眼镜验配中的应用问题，介绍裂隙灯显微镜的结构，原理，使用方法，及其在隐形眼镜验配中的具体应用。     

云南高校中老年教职工眼科疾病动态分析

为了解昆明地区高校中老年知识分子眼部疾病的患病顺位及动态,作者于1995年5月对云南大学40岁以上的1206名中老年知识分子进行了眼部疾病调查,旨在为眼科疾病防治提供预见性资料,以降低其患病率。1对象与方法1．1选取本校40岁以上的教职工1206人为调查对象,对其做了眼科、血液生化、心血管系统等方面检查。采用Yz—5B型裂隙灯显微镜检查角膜、前房、虹膜、晶状体、玻璃体。1．2用Y2－6A型直接检眼镜小瞳孔检查眼底结构,包括现乳头、视网膜、黄斑、血管形态等。血液生化采用甘油磷酸氧化酶法,胆固醇氧化酶法,葡萄糖过氧化酶法测定血…     

229例角膜铁质异物治疗体会

目的探讨角膜铁质异物的治疗方法。方法一次性注射针头裂隙灯显微镜下行角膜铁质异物取出术。结果229例全部治愈,无1例发生眼内感染。结论在裂隙灯显微镜下采用一次性注射器针头斜面向上,行角膜铁质异物取出术和促进角膜愈合抗感染措施可获得良好效果。     

照相裂隙灯显微镜的维护保养及故障维修

照相裂隙灯显微镜广泛应用于眼科，使用率高，所以为了延长它的使用寿命应该采取有效的维护保养手段。１照相裂隙灯显微镜的维护保养１．１机械部分的保养（１）底座横轴暴露在外面部分要经常擦试干净，然后涂上一层极薄的润滑油，以免生锈影响运动的灵活性。（２）不用对焦棒时，应盖上导板，以防病人的泪液或灰尘落入升降的间隙内，否则会使轴生锈和粘污，影响灯臂的灵活转动。（３）搬动仪器时，须拧紧灯臂、镜臂和底座上的固定螺丝，以防摔坏。１．２光学部分的保养（１）仪器使用的环境必须保持干燥，相对湿度不允许超过５０％，否则对…     

The working conditions of microscope operators and the ways for their sanitary improvement in the manufacture of microelectronic devices

The investigation of microelectronic devices showed that the working conditions of microscope operators in general satisfy the sanitary and hygienic requirements with the exception of lighting of places of work and the conditions of objects' illumination in the field of microscope view, this being the main reason of visual fatigue. The earliest and most distinct fatigue signs involve the changes in color discrimination acuity, adaptation time to darkness, response time to light stimulus. The measures intended for optimization of working conditions of microscope operators are proposed.     

彩色多普勒超声诊断老年性白内障的临床意义

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声对老年性白内障及其合并症的诊断价值.方法 应用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪对120例185眼老年性白内障晶状体进行检查,并与其他眼科检查对比分析.结果 老年性白内障初发期超声检查准确性不如裂隙灯,出现假阴性,占15.22%(7/46),对中、晚期老年性白内障及其合并症超声检出率可达到100.00%(139/139).结论 彩色多普勒超声可作为诊断老年性白内障及其合并症的常规及术前检查的一种重要手段.     

眼刺激试验对新化学物质危险性评价方法标准化的探讨

Three new chemicals, N-acyl glutamic acid as a stroma of cosmetics, an eye drops for myopia and 2, 4-dichloro-6-nitrophenylaminate (DCNP) as a new herbicide were evaluated with the eye irritation test. Japanese young rabbits were used, the right eye for test, the left as control. Before and after the test, the eye were stained with 2% sodium fluorescein and examined under slit-lamp microscope to observe the damage degree of cornea, and to record the reaction degree of conjunctiva and iris at the same time. Using the draize method to compare with three kinds of granding (method of bayard and hehir, of EPA and of NRC), the results were essentially the same. The severity of reaction to the eye irritation test is closely related to the kind of testing material and the concentration used and the length of time exposed. The standardization of eye irritation test is also discussed.     

Neodymium-YAG laser iridotomy.

Results of neodymium-YAG laser iridotomy in 34 eyes with narrow drainage angles are reported. Iridotomies appeared patent on slit-lamp examination in 32 (94%) eyes. Complications included failed patency of iridotomy and acute elevation of intraocular pressure.     

高分辨率眼科频域光学相干层析成像仪的研究与设计

本文根据频域光学相干层析成像的原理,设计并开发了基于眼科常用的裂隙灯显微镜的实用化光学相干层析成像仪。文中详细介绍了该诊断仪器的总体结构,对仪器设计中需要重点考虑的上位机与下位机的通信、固视灯与参考臂模块的设计和抗干扰措施三个方面的问题进行了详述。     

A study of street illumination of some residential streets of Jeddah

This paper presents the results of an illumination survey of some semi-residential streets in four neighbourhoods of Jeddah City. The average illumination levels of most of the streets are several times the IES standard, with great variation in the illumination levels of the different neighbourhoods, indicating a lack of consistency in street design illumination. However, the uniformity ratio of illumination in the majority of the streets is within the recommended standards.     

Retinal phototoxicity: a review of standard methodology for evaluating retinal optical radiation hazards

Optical radiation (light) safety standards can be difficult to use for the evaluation of light hazards to the retina, even for persons experienced in radiometry and photometry. This paper reviews terminology and methodology for evaluating optical radiation hazards to the retina in accordance with international standard ISO 15004-2 Ophthalmic instruments-Fundamental requirements and test methods, Part 2: Light hazard protection (2007). All optical radiation safety standards use similar methods. Specifically, this paper illustrates how to evaluate the retinal hazards from various ophthalmic instruments including the following: diffuse illumination of the cornea; incident light diverging at the cornea (direct ophthalmoscope, operation microscope, fixation lamp); and incident light converging at the cornea (indirect ophthalmoscope, fundus camera, slit lamp biomicroscope). A brief review of radiometry and the use of certified optical components by manufacturers as specified by the ISO standard is also provided. Finally, the authors provide examples of the use of photometric measurements in hazard evaluation.     

Visualization of six unique morphological subpopulations of adult frog dorsal root ganglion neurons at the light microscopic level

Subpopulations of adult frog dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons respond to different physiological stimuli, and have unique biophysical and pharmacological properties. Two broad-based subpopulations of DRG neurons appear under phase optics, "large clear" and "small dark" neurons, while immunochemical and electrophysiological techniques allow identification of additional subpopulations. Nevertheless, most studies of DRG neurons involve randomly selected neurons. Under bright field illumination, we found dark and clear DRG neurons are distinctly different, with dark neurons composed of four subpopulations, each with unique numbers and distribution of bright rusty-colored cytoplasmic granules, and statistically significant difference in the soma diameter distribution. The clear neurons are granule-free, but the two subpopulations have statistically significant differences in soma size distributions. Thus, morphological criteria alone allow identification of six distinct subpopulations of DRG neurons in the light microscope, although further studies are required to determine whether they correspond to physiologically different subpopulations of sensory neurons.     

白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂(IL-1ra)治疗角膜烧伤实验研究

白细胞介素－1受体拮抗剂（Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist,IL-1ra)可阻断IL－1在机体的免疫应答、感染、炎症反应和组织损伤中的作用。采用日本大耳白兔,造成角膜碱烧伤和激光烧伤模型,通过裂隙灯与病理组织学观察,角膜OD值与角膜上皮细胞活性测定,以及烧伤斑图像分析,系统观察研究LI－1ra的治疗作用。结果表明,LI－1ra对角膜烧伤具有一定疗效。     

北京市中小学校照明现状及其影响因素分析

目的了解北京市中小学教室照明现状及存在的问题,为卫生、教育部门指导学校改善教学环境提供参考。方法 2007年3月1日-4月15日采用典型抽样的方法,从北京市4个区县抽取80所中小学校160间教室进行夜间照明检测,评价学校照明现况及不同类型灯管照明效果。选取一间教室进行现场试验,探索应用GB 50034-2004《建筑照明设计标准》的操作建议。结果中小学教室课桌面平均照度为(264.9±118.9)lx,合格率(≥300 lx)为33.7%,照明功率密度P50为7.3 W/m2,黑板面照度P50为268.7 lx,合格率(≥500lx)为16.7%。结论目前中小学教室照明情况较之以前有整体提高,同时也存在一些问题,需要进一步改善。