156例手部深度烧伤的早期整形修复

目的探讨手部深度烧伤后早期整形修复的治疗方法及临床效果。方法1994年12月~2004年12月,收治手部深度烧伤156例(198手)患者。男119例155手,女37例43手。年龄21~52岁。深度105例121手,度51例77手。伤后24h内手术29例36手,1周内手术94例117手,3周内手术33例45手。患者均采用中厚皮片、全厚皮片植皮或皮瓣修复,术后进行早期功能锻炼。结果术后无并发症发生,创面期愈合,皮瓣及植皮均成活。供区期愈合。145手获随访6个月~5年。参考王澍寰(2002)手功能评价标准:优109手(75.2%),良18手(12.4%),中11手(7.6%),差7手(4.8%)。结论手部深度烧伤后宜早期行整形修复手术,可有效预防手部瘢痕形成,功能得到良好恢复。     

小儿手烧伤后瘢痕畸形的综合治疗经验

目的:总结56例小儿手烧伤后及早进行瘢痕畸形修复的综合治疗经验。方法:2006年8月～2010年12月对56例(67只手)烧伤后2～6个月手畸形患儿,在气管插管全身麻醉下手术,采用瘢痕松解或切除植皮、局部"Z"成形或"V-Y"皮瓣转移推进、皮瓣修复。术后即进行抗瘢痕挛缩的康复训练。结果:38例患儿移植皮片全部存活;10例患儿移植皮片表皮有少许脱落;6例患儿移植皮片切口边缘有开裂、部分皮片坏死,经换药后愈合;2例患儿移植皮片大部分感染坏死,需再次行植皮手术。术后经过6个月康复锻炼后,手部功能优18例(20只手),功能良好25例(30只手),可7例(9只手),差6例(8只手)。结论:小儿手瘢痕畸形的治疗时间、术中细节及早期进行康复锻炼对术后的效果有很大的影响。     

全厚皮片植皮修复在小儿手部瘢痕整形中的应用

目的:探究全厚皮片植皮修复在小儿手部瘢痕整形中的应用效果。方法:回顾性分析2018年1月-2019年11月笔者医院收治的40例手部烧伤后瘢痕挛缩患儿的临床资料,根据手术方式的不同分为植皮组(22例,27只患手)和皮瓣修复组(18例,18只患手)。观察移植皮片/皮瓣成活情况,记录创面愈合时间、并发症发生率、术后疼痛情况、手部功能及形态恢复情况。结果:所有患儿均顺利完成手术。术后2周,植皮组25只患手移植皮片全部存活;1只出现伤口感染;2只出现再次瘢痕挛缩,行二次瘢痕切除植皮治疗。皮瓣修复组18只患手术后皮瓣全部成活,除2只出现伤口感染,无其他并发症发生。植皮组创面愈合时间及WBFS评分均低于皮瓣修复组,手部功能恢复优良率高于皮瓣修复组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:全厚皮片植皮术在小儿手部瘢痕整形中应用价值较高,术后皮片成活率高,能有效改善患儿手部挛缩,促进手功能恢复。     

整张预成形皮片移植治疗严重手烧伤创面

目的探讨应用整张预成形中厚皮片移植修复手部深度烧伤创面。方法对4例4只手深度烧伤创面早期切／削痂后取模,依据模片大小及形状用手术刀在供皮区切取整张预成形中厚皮片,无需拼接一次修复创面。结果除个别植皮点状坏死外,余全部成活。经6个月～2年随访,手部外观及功能基本恢复。结论预成形皮片移植后,与创缘完全吻合,无拼接痕迹,远期瘢痕轻,手外观及功能恢复好,同时避免皮片浪费,是值得尝试的一种手术方法。     

烧伤外科深度创面修复手术的疗效分析

目的总结烧伤外科深度创面修复手术的临床经验。方法对2006年1月~2013年12月间我科行深度创面修复手术的210例患者(共312处创面)临床资料进行分析。按创面病损因素分为热力烧伤组142处创面、特殊烧伤组(包括电烧伤、化学烧伤、热压伤)94处创面和非烧伤组(包括外伤、手术后创面及各种非烧伤的慢性难愈性创面)76处创面。根据手术时间分为早期手术组36处和非早期手术组276处,根据手术方式分为一期修复组263处和延期修复组49处,根据不同创面分为非难愈性创面组129处和难愈性创面组183处。比较各组间再手术率和创面愈合效果的差异。结果本组64处创面行缝合术,300处行皮片移植术,42处采用各种皮瓣修复,31处行异种皮覆盖术、负压持续吸引及清创术。其中125处创面手术为再手术,包括71处创面计划再手术和54处创面非计划再手术。特殊烧伤组非计划再手术率明显低于热力烧伤组和非烧伤组(P0.01),难愈性创面组的计划再手术率和非计划再手术率均明显高于非难愈性创面组(P0.01)。除5处缝合伤口经再手术7次愈合,余缝合伤口均正常愈合。皮片愈合优、良、差者分别为191、66和43处。皮瓣愈合优、良、差者分别为33、5和4处。早期手术组皮片愈合效果明显优于非早期手术组(P0.05),延期修复组皮片愈合明显优于一期修复组(P0.05),非难愈性创面组皮片愈合效果明显优于难愈性创面组(P0.01)。组间皮瓣愈合效果比较均无统计学差异(P0.05)。按病因分组后,仅热力烧伤患者非难愈性创面组皮片愈合明显优于难愈性创面组(P0.01)。结论合理选择皮片或皮瓣修复深度创面是取得治疗成功的重要环节,早期皮片手术、延期皮片手术和非难愈性创面皮片手术的疗效较好。积极开展非早期手术和一期修复手术,重视难愈性创面手术,可促进创面早日愈合。     

保留变性真皮并移植大张自体皮修复手部深度烧伤的远期疗效观察

目的观察保留变性真皮并移植大张自体皮修复手部深度烧伤的远期疗效。方法对86例患者的152只深度烧伤手经削刮痂保留变性真皮后,行大张自体皮移植术。术后观察疗效并作随访,时间为3个月—3年,对手部皮肤的颜色、弹性、挛缩程度及功能进行评级。结果152只手中外观及功能优良者141只,占92.8%。结论保留变性真皮并移植大张自体皮修复手部深度烧伤,术后外观及功能恢复较好,是修复手部深度烧伤创面的较佳选择。     

小儿手部烧伤后瘢痕畸形的功能重建

目的探讨小儿手部烧伤后瘢痕挛缩畸形的手术整复及功能重建。方法2002年1月～2005年1月对烧伤后手部瘢痕挛缩畸形的63例患儿(68只手)进行手术整复,并在术后采取综合康复措施。结果4例腹部带蒂皮瓣均成活;共行70例次瘢痕切除植皮术,术后皮片成活良好42例次,少许表皮坏死25例次,小块皮片坏死、经换药后创面愈合2例次,皮片部分坏死、经再次植皮创面愈合1例次。术后6月根据手部关节活动程度测量,结果优37只手,良19只手,中8只手,差4只手,患儿家属满意度为91%(62/68)。结论小儿手部烧伤后瘢痕畸形首选手术治疗,根据畸形程度采取不同的术式,辅以术后康复治疗,可以较好的恢复患手的功能。     

复合皮混合移植早期修复踝关节深度烧伤创面

目的：总结复合皮混合移植早期修复踝关节深度烧伤创面的手术方法及临床效果。方法2006年9月至2010年10月．本组12例含踝关节深度烧伤的病例。烧伤总面积18％-65％,Ⅲ度5％-35％TBSA,烧伤后72小时内行踝关节深度创面削痂。采用J-Ⅰ型异体脱细胞真皮（北京桀亚莱福生物技术有限责任公司）与自体刃厚皮片复合移植修复。复合皮移植面积10Cm×8Cm．18em×12cm。结果术后2例因皮下积血部分皮缺血坏死脱落,肉芽形成Ⅱ期自体皮移植修复,其余均Ⅰ期愈合。随访2-24个月,踝关节外形及功能满意。结论早期削痂复合皮移植是修复踝关节深度烧伤创面的理想方法之一。     

大张自体中厚皮移植在手部深度烧伤治疗中的应用探讨

目的:探讨大张自体中厚皮移植对减轻深度手部烧伤患者畸形和提高患者生活质量的疗效。方法:55例75只手入院后采取创面局部外用抗菌药物,及时行环状焦痂切开减张术,烧伤后3～10天在麻醉下行手背、指背切、削痂大张中厚皮移植术,术后10天开始功能锻炼。结果:66只手皮片全部存活,6只手由于皮下积液有零星部分植皮坏死、后经换药等治疗治愈。3只手Ⅱ期植皮全部成活,术后2～3周观察手外形和功能取得良好的效果。结论:对手部深度烧伤早期切削痂+大张中厚皮片是恢复手功能的重要措施。     

临床治疗122例深度烧伤创面体会

目的 探讨深度烧伤的临床治疗体会.方法 回顾性分析122例深度烧伤患者147处创面修复临床资料.结果 深度创面未伤及肌腱、骨骼者应用大张自体皮移植功能及外形恢复较好,深及骨及肌腱的创面应用皮瓣修复效果较满意.结论 深度烧伤创面早期手术大张皮移植、电烧伤及热压伤肌腱、骨骼烧伤者早行皮瓣移植,效果较好.     

胸腹带蒂皮瓣修复软组织缺损、骨外露33例

目的 总结胸腹带蒂皮瓣修复软组织缺损、骨质外露的效果.方法 电击伤、炭火烧伤、热压伤等造成的手部深度烧伤,早期行清创术后采用胸腹带蒂皮瓣修复软组织缺损、肌腱、血管、骨质外露的创面.结果 所有皮瓣成活良好,且手的部分功能恢复.结论 早期采用皮瓣修复,能最大的保留了手的外形和功能,且带蒂皮瓣安全可靠,效果较好.     

Early coverage of deep hand burns with groin flaps

Deep burns of the hands require skin flap coverage in order to protect the exposed vital structures. The groin flap is a safe and effective method of obtaining early closure of these defects. We have used groin flaps to cover deep hand burn defects in nine patients. In each case, groin flaps effectively covered the various defects, such as the volar aspect of the wrist, dorsum of the hand, first web space, thumb, and fingers.     

Treatment of burned hands

One hundred and thirty-five cases of burned hands were reviewed retrospectively. These consisted of 80 acutely burned hands, and 55 burned contractures.Treatment for the acutely burned hands included initial plastic-bag coverage and early tangential excisions and skin graftings. No skin grafting was required for all the first-degree and some second-degree superficial burns while some second-degree, all third-degree and deep superficial burns required early tangential excisions and skin resurfacing. The results were invariably satisfactory.The burned contractures were classified into four categories: the mild type; the claw type; the severely distorted type and the mutilated type. Treatment for the mild types consisted of release and different forms of skin grafting, Z-plasties and local flap repairs. Distant flaps were required for the claw and severely distorted types whilst the mutilated type was treated by amputation. The operative techniques to achieve satisfactory functional restorations were discussed.     

The reversed forearm flap using scarred skin in hand reconstruction

A reverse forearm flap was used in the reconstruction of the hands of two epileptic patients, who had sustained deep dermal burns of the right hand and forearm. The base of both flaps consisted of scarred, transplanted skin. Furthermore one flap was split. Venous drainage was preserved. A good result was observed in both cases.     

短蒂腹部交叉皮瓣修复手部创面的临床应用

目的：探讨短蒂腹部皮瓣修复手部创面的广泛适用性及改进方法。方法：通过改进皮瓣设计及闭蒂方式、采用短蒂腹部皮瓣修复手部创面25例32处,手指19例（其中同侧双指3例、三指2例）、手背6例。皮肤缺损范围：最小1．5cm×2．0cm、最大12cm×16cm。皮瓣范围：最小1．8cm×2．5cm、最大13cm×18cm。结果：所有皮瓣蒂部均一期闭合、术后一周蒂部干洁、皮瓣成活良好、质地外观佳,手功能恢复良好。结论：腹部皮瓣修复手部创面大多无需设计皮管,改进皮瓣设计及闲蒂方式的短蒂腹部皮瓣即可达到封闭创面、减少渗出及感染机会,同时提高皮瓣利用率、减少副损伤、避免皮管臃肿、积血影响血供、促进血循环及感觉重建、可早期断蒂、利于功能恢复、外形更薄。     

Repair and reconstruction of massively damaged burn wounds

OBJECTIVE: To report repair and reconstruction of massively damaged burn wounds under unusual condition. METHODS: One hundred forty-eight patients with deep burn tissue defects admitted from January 1993 through December 2000 were analyzed, among them 96 patients suffered from electrical injury which constituted 65.3% of all cases, 18 patients with hot press injury, 18 cases with deep burns as a result of CO poisoning or epileptic seizure, accounting for 12.2 and 12.2%, respectively, 6 cases with radiation injury, comprising 4.0% of all cases, 2 cases with explosive injury, 2 cases with chemical burn and 6 cases caused by erosive chemicals and wound infection. One hundred seventy-six flaps were transferred with mostly local flaps to repair deep burn wounds in 148 patients with tissue defects, in which necrotic tendons were replaced by acellular allogeneic tendons simultaneously in seven cases. Sixty-one iliolumbar arterial axial skin flaps for coverage of soft-tissue defects in hands or wrists were transplanted. Technical innovations to repair large soft-tissue defects of temporal region and ear, chin and lip, and dorso-lateral aspect of foot due to deep burn were explored. New technics to define necrotic tissue and vascular damage as a result of electrical injury were developed. RESULTS: The biggest dimension of flaps in this group was 22cmx30cm. The survival rate of flap was 96.5%, while necrosis of the tip of flap occurred in 3.5%. The function and configuration were satisfactory after 4 months to 8 years follow-up. The technique of 99Tcm-methylene di-phosphonate (99Tcm-MDP) scintigraphy helped identify necrotic tissue before operation, and with the help of digital subtraction arteriogram (DSA) arterial injury could be identified. B-mode ultrasound was helpful to show the extent of endothelial injury, and Colour Doppler was useful to show luminal blood flow signal and filling defect in the injured artery. CONCLUSIONS: Repair and reconstruction of massively damaged burn wound at early stage could be achieved. Techniques which helped define the extent of damage to the soft tissues, including arteries and tendons were essential preoperatively for successful reconstruction. Functional and aesthetic reconstruction, as well as the general condition of the patients, could thus be significantly improved early after the devastating injuries. Further innovations of operative technics would benefit more patients with such injuries.     

应用踝前与足背联合皮瓣游离移植修复手掌部贯通伤皮肤缺损

目的 探讨应用踝前与足背联合皮瓣游离移植修复手掌部贯通伤皮肤缺损的临床效果.方法 从2004年5月至2009年7月,应用踝前与足背联合皮瓣游离移植修复手掌部贯通伤皮肤缺损16例,两皮瓣由足背动、静脉相连,踝前皮瓣切取范围:3.5 cm×2.0 cm～7.0 cm×5.5 cm;足背皮瓣切取范围:5.0 cm×3.5 cm～8.5 cm×6.0 cm.结果 16例32块皮瓣全部成活,术后随访6个月～2年,根据2000年中华医学会手外科分会手功能评定试用标准综合评价:优8例,良5例,可2例,差1例,优良率为81.25%.结论 踝前与足背皮瓣血管解剖恒定,手术切取比较简便,一次手术可以完成手掌和手背两侧皮肤缺损的修复,应用踝前与足背联合皮瓣游离移植修复手部贯通伤可以获得较好的临床效果.     

改良第1趾蹼皮瓣游离移植修复手功能区皮肤缺损

目的 探讨改良第1趾蹼皮瓣游离移植修复手功能区皮肤缺损的方法和临床疗效.方法 2008年2月-2013年8月,收治手部重要功能区皮肤缺损病例31例,男18例,女13例,年龄17～58岁,平均41.5岁.其中拇指15例,虎口10例,食指6例,皮肤缺损面积：2.0 cm×3.0 cm～ 3.9 cm×7.2 cm.行改良第1趾蹼皮瓣游离移植修复,游离皮瓣切取面积2.3 cm×3.4 cm ～ 4.2 cm×9.0 cm,皮瓣供区游离全厚皮植皮打包或局部带蒂皮瓣转位关闭.结果 31例游离皮瓣全部成活,术后无皮瓣瘀血、血管危象等并发症,供区植皮、局部皮瓣修复及取皮区均一期愈合.术后随访7～32个月,手部创面修复后外形美观,与受区融为一体,无臃肿,皮瓣感觉功能恢复至S3 6例,S3＋ 13例,S4 12例,手部功能恢复良好,皮瓣供区功能无影响,手指主动活动度（TAM）优24例,良6例,劣1例,优良率96.7％.结论 改良第1趾蹼皮瓣质地优良,与手部皮肤结构相似,游离移植安全、可靠,修复质量高、功能恢复好,最大限度保护了患手的外观,临床治疗效果好,是修复手功能区皮肤缺损的理想选择.     

部分削薄的游离脐旁皮瓣修复手部皮肤缺损

目的：研究修复手部大面积或不规则形状皮肤缺损的一种技术。方法：设计类似Ｙ、和Ｔ等形状的游离脐旁皮瓣，采用了部分削薄皮瓣、端侧吻合动脉和联合移植等技术手段。结果：临床应用１１例，成活１０例，效果良好。结论：部分削薄的脐旁皮瓣可改善美观效果，供皮面积大。血管蒂长达１５ｃｍ以上，口径粗，供区多可直接缝闭，是覆盖复杂手部创面的有效方法。