银杏叶提取物对健康绝经后女性冠状动脉血流的影响

目的 观察银杏叶提取物对健康绝经后女性冠状动脉血流的影响.方法 60例冠状动脉造影正常的健康绝经后女性分为银杏叶提取物注射液治疗组和对照组(各30例),2组均于用药前、后采用经胸超声心动图检测冠状动脉左前降支血流的变化.结果 银杏叶提取物注射液显著增加健康绝经后女性冠状动脉左前降支收缩期峰值流速、舒张期峰值流速和舒张期时间速度积分;而对照组冠状动脉左前降支血流无明显变化,治疗组优于对照组(P<0.01).结论 银杏叶提取物注射液可增加健康绝经后女性冠状动脉血流.     

银杏叶提取物对老年冠心病患者冠脉血流和内皮功能的影响

目的研究银杏叶提取物(GBE)对老年冠心病(CAD)患者冠脉血流和内皮功能的影响。方法50例老年CAD患者随机分为GBE注射液治疗组和对照组,两组均于用药前、后采用血管超声检测冠状动脉左前降支(LAD)血流和血流介导的肱动脉内皮依赖性血管舒张(FMD)的变化。结果GBE注射液显著增加LAD舒张期峰值流速(DPV)、收缩期峰值流速(SPV)和舒张期时间速度积分(DTVI)(P<0.01),同时FMD显著升高(P<0.01);而对照组冠脉血流和FMD无明显变化(P>0.05)。Pearson线性相关分析显示,LAD血流流速(DPV,SPV和DTVI)的增加与FMD的改善呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论GBE注射液可增加老年CAD患者LAD血流,其机理可能与FMD的改善有关。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后乳内动脉桥血管病变相关因素分析

目的筛选、分析导致冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）后的患者左乳内动脉桥血管闭塞的危险因素。方法选取2002年1月—2006年8月在中国人民解放军总医院心血管外科高长青主刀完成的CABG术后患者共228例。通过64-MSCTA的方法判断CABG术后左乳内动脉桥血管通畅情况,收集患者术前、术中信息和术后资料,对可能导致左乳内动脉桥血管病变的危险因素进行单因素分析后,将筛选后的结果通过Logistic多因素回归分析,找出危险因素。结果术前冠脉造影前降支狭窄百分比、术前冠脉造影弥漫性病变;术前血糖;术前甘油三酯;术中检查靶血管直径;LIMA桥血流;同期室壁瘤手术为单因素危险因素,Logistic多因素回归分析,显示LIMA桥病变的危险因素是靶血管的狭窄程度和LIMA桥血流量。结论 LIMA桥通畅率和靶血管狭窄程度、桥血流相关。     

双腔心脏起搏时房室延迟对左室充盈动力学的影响

①目的　探讨双腔心脏起搏时房室延迟对左室充盈动力学的影响。②方法　对 19例患有完全性房室传导阻滞并植入永久性双腔心脏起搏器的病人 (起搏频率为 70min-1,房室延迟分别程控在 70ms,15 0ms和2 30ms) ,应用脉冲多普勒记录不同房室延迟时的二尖瓣口和主动脉的血流频谱。测量左室舒张期充盈时间、舒张早期峰值充盈速度、舒张晚期峰值充盈速度、舒张早期和舒张晚期峰值充盈速度的比值、二尖瓣舒张期血流速度时间积分和主动脉收缩期血流速度时间积分。③结果　随着房室延迟的增加 ,左室舒张期充盈时间变短 (F =2 7.9,P <0 .0 0 0 1) ,舒张早期峰值充盈速度降低 (F =4 .8,P <0 .0 5 ) ,舒张晚期峰值充盈速度增加 (F =5 .0 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,舒张早期和舒张晚期峰值充盈速度的比值减小 (F =11.1,P <0 .0 0 0 1)。舒张期二尖瓣口血流速度时间积分和收缩期左室流出道血流速度时间积分在房室延迟 15 0ms时最大 (F =8.0 ,5 .5 ,P <0 .0 1)。④结论　双腔心脏起搏时左室舒张期充盈模式随房室延迟的不同而变化 ,多普勒超声对左室充盈模式变化的评估有助于获取双腔心脏起搏的最佳的血流动力学效应。     

超声心动图评估在冠状动脉无扩张川崎病左前降支血流动力学中的应用

目的 分析超声心动图(UCG)评估在冠状动脉无扩张(nCAL)川崎病(KD)中的应用,观察其左前降支血流动力学改变。方法 选取2019年2月～2022年2月我院收治的202例nCAL-KD患儿,根据病情分期分为急性期组(76例)、亚急性期组(72例)、恢复期组(54例),另以1∶1比例选取同期202例非KD患儿为对照组,评估静息、充血不同状态下左前降支血流储备,对比各组左前降支内径、左前降支血流量、静息状态下UCG血流动力学,包括舒张期平均流速(MDV)、舒张期峰值流速(PDV)、速度时间积分(VTI)及充血状态下血流速度储备(CFVR)。结果 急性期组、亚急性期组左前降支内径小于恢复期组、对照组(P<0.05);急性期组、亚急性期组左前降支血流量大于对照组(P<0.05);充血前后各组左前降支DBP、SBP、心率血压乘积比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);充血后各组心率较充血前升高,充血后各组心率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),急性期组、亚急性期组、恢复期组左前降支MDV、PDV、VTI均高于对照组(P<0.05);亚急性期组、恢复期组、对照...     

经胸多普勒超声评价冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者冠状动脉血流储备

目的采用经胸多普勒超声技术评价冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者的冠状动脉血流储备(CFR)。方法2005年5月至2006年1月连续120例疑为冠心病的患者于冠状动脉造影(CAG)前1d进行心脏超声双嘧达莫(0.56mg/kg)负荷试验,测定左前降支(LAD)的CFR指标,包括收缩期最大CFR、收缩期平均CFR、收缩期流速时间积分储备、舒张期最大CFR、舒张期平均CFR和舒张期流速时间积分储备。结果82例患者(68.3%)获得LAD血流频谱,按照CAG结果分为显著狭窄(A组,狭窄≥70%,16例)和非显著狭窄(B组,狭窄<70%,66例)。A组各项CFR指标的平均值均显著低于B组(P值均<0.01)。无1例出现严重并发症。部分患者出现胸闷、胸痛、头晕或头痛等症状,经休息或吸氧后均自行缓解。结论冠状动脉显著狭窄患者的CFR显著降低。经胸多普勒超声检查适用于大多数冠心病患者,并且能够可靠地检出冠心病患者的CFR异常。     

经胸多普勒血流显像检测介入治疗前后冠状动脉血流变化及其临床价值

目的探讨经胸超声心动图冠状动脉彩色多普勒血流显像（TTE—CDFI）检测经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术（PCI）前后冠状动脉左前降支（LAD）血流变化及临床价值。方法选择48例LAD病变且进行PCI的冠心病者，应用TTE-CDFI观察PCI手术前后LAD血流变化。观察方法与指标：在3个改良标准切面水平检测LAD中远段、穿隔支和心尖部血流频谱，测定各点收缩期血流峰值速度（SPV）、舒张期血流峰值速度（DPV），收缩期流速时间积分（VTIs）、舒张期流速时间积分（VTId），对比观察PCI手术前后冠状动脉血流频谱参数变化。结果PCI术后SPV、DPV、VTIs和VTId的测值高于PCI术前（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；以PCI手术前后心肌梗死溶栓治疗分级（TIMI）血流〈1级与≥2级分组，后组的各项超声指标测值高于前组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论TTE-CDFI检测LAD各段PCI前后血流频谱变化可较好评价PCI的疗效，可用于PCI术后的随访。     

颈动脉超声联合TCD在颈动脉、椎动脉支架术中的应用

目的 探究颈动脉超声联合经颅多普勒超声(TCD)在行颈动脉、椎动脉支架术患者中的应用价值.方法 收集浙江省丽水市人民医院行颈动脉、椎动脉支架术的162例患者资料,均行颈动脉超声联合TCD检查.以脑血管造影(DSA)检测结果为"金标准",比较颈动脉超声联合TCD、颈动脉超声、TCD诊断符合率,比较治疗前后管腔内径和血流速度及患侧大脑中动脉的收缩期峰值流速和血管搏动指数.结果 颈动脉超声联合TCD诊断符合率高于颈动脉超声、TCD(P<0.05);颈动脉超声检查发现术后1周及术后1年管腔内径较术前明显增宽,狭窄段收缩期峰值流速、舒张期最低血流速度较术前明显减慢(P<0.05);TCD检查发现术后1周及术后1年患侧大脑中动脉的收缩期峰值流速较术前增快,血管搏动指数较术前升高(P<0.05).结论 颈动脉超声联合TCD能够提高颈动脉、椎动脉狭窄诊断准确性,可用于支架术疗效评估.     

快速房颤患者复律前后左心房血流动力学变化的分析

目的:探讨快速房颤患者复律前后患者左房血流动力学各项参数的变化。方法:采用多普勒超声心动图检测52例快速房颤患者复律前后的二尖瓣口血流频谱和肺静脉口血流频谱。结果:复律后即刻、1天时和复律前对比,心率出现不同程度的降低,二尖瓣口血流频谱中的舒张晚期A波流速、积分和肺静脉口血流频谱中的左心房收缩期逆向波流速、积分开始趋向好转(P0.05);复律后1周至1个月时逐步增高(P0.05);收缩期S波流速积分、收缩期和舒张期的流速比值、收缩期充盈分数也都呈现明显的增高趋势(P0.05),而二尖瓣血流频谱舒张晚期A波的流速比值和肺静脉口血流频谱的舒张期D波流速开始降低(P0.05)。1个月时的监测指标与复律后即刻比较,二尖瓣口血流频谱的舒张晚期A波流速、积分与肺静脉口血流频谱的左心房收缩期逆向波流速和积分、收缩期S波流速和积分、流速比值、收缩期充盈分数均有不同程度增高;而二尖瓣口血流频谱的舒张早期E波流速和积分、流速比值有所降低;左心房前后径缩小(P0.05)。结论:房颤时左心房压力增加,复律后1个月时,左房血流动力学基本恢复正常。     

心肌桥患者冠状动脉血流储备研究

目的评估心肌桥对冠状动脉(冠脉)血流储备的作用.方法2000年9月至2003年1月,13例冠脉造影显示心肌桥患者即刻测定冠脉血流储备,与同期32例冠脉造影正常对照者比较.结果两组患者一般情况无差异.13例心肌桥患者临床均有稳定型心绞痛;心肌桥均位于左前降支(中段11例,中远段2例),收缩期及舒张期冠脉狭窄分别为(78±7)%和(15±5)%,血流储备较对照组显著降低(2.0±0.3和3.3±0.6,P＜0.001).结论心肌桥使冠脉血流储备降低,这可能是患者发生心绞痛的原因.     

MR IMAGING OF CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT： A PRELIMINARY STUDY

Objective. To make a preliminary investigation of the patency and function of coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) by magnetic resonance(MR) images and to establish a suitable method for follow-up study after CABG operation among Chinese. Methods. MR imaging was performed with a Toshiba 1.5-T unit in 27 patients with 74 grafts. All patients were examined with a breath-hold ECG-gated two-dimensional fast field echo (FFE) sequence to evaluate the patency of bypass grafts, among them 16 patients with 42 grafts were further examined with a phase shift magnetic resonance angiography flow (PSMRAflow) sequence to evaluate the grafts patency as well as the flow velocity and flow volume vs.time. Results. The results showed that 66 of the 74 grafts in the patients of the present series studied with FFE were patent with a patency rate of 89.2%. The results evaluated both with FFE and PSMRAflow remained the same except that two grafts were patent with FFE and the results with PSMRAflow were uncertain. Diastolic perfusion pattern curves were found in 25 of the 32 grafts in patients of the present series. Comparing the flow curves of the grafted left internal manmmry artery with those of the native right internal mammary artery in 7 patients, the systolic peak velocity value (SPV) of the grafted arteries was significantly lower than that of the ungrafted ones, whereas the diastolic peak velocity value(DPV) and the ratio of DPV to SPV were significantly greater than that of the ungrafed ones. Conclusion. The FFE and PSMRAflow sequences were efficient in evaluating patency and obtaining the curves of flow velocity and volume of the bypass grafts. Therefore, they may offer a non-invasive screening method for follow-up study in patients after CABG surgery, although its accuracy should be further evaluated in more patients and comparatively studied with other methods.     

MR IMAGING OF CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT:A PRELIMINARY STUDY

Ｃｏｒｏｎａｒｙａｒｔｅｒｙｂｙｐａｓｓｇｒａｆｔ(ＣＡＢＧ)ｓｕｒｇｅｒｙｈａｓｂｅ ｃｏｍｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｌｙｐｏｐｕｌａｒｉｎｏｕｒｃｏｕｎｔｒｙｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓ .Ｔｈｅｐｏｓｔｏｐｅｒａｔｉｖｅｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｖｅｃｏｒｏｎａｒｙｇｒａｆｔａｎｇｉｏｇｒａｐｈｙｒｅ ｍａｉｎｓｔｈｅ“ｇｏｌｄｓｔａｎｄａｒｄ”ｔｏｅｖａｌｕａｔｅｔｈｅｐａｔｅｎｃｙｏｆｔｈｅｇｒａｆｔ Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ ,ａｓａｎｉｎｖａｓｉｖｅｍｅｔｈｏｄａｎｄｆｏｒｏｔｈｅｒｒｅａ ｓｏｎｓ,ｉｔｉｓｎｏｔｗｉ…     

非体外循环下左乳内动脉序贯吻合的流量测定与临床应用

目的探讨非体外循环下左乳内动脉序贯法冠状动脉旁路移植的可行性,为该技术的临床应用提供理论依据。方法2006年3月至2008年2月接受非体外循环下左乳内动脉冠状动脉旁路移植的患者72例,其中利用左乳内动脉序贯吻合者36例(A组);左乳内动脉仅与左前降支做端侧吻合者36例(B组)。吻合完毕,待循环稳定后,利用即时血流检测仪进行左乳内动脉旁路血管的流量测定。运用SPSS10.0软件对相关数据进行统计学处理及分析。结果A组患者左乳内动脉序贯旁路移植后,主干平均血流为（31±5.6）mL/min,搏动指数（PI）为2.0±0.3;B组左乳内动脉与前降支旁路移植后主干平均血流为(21±2.8)mL/min,PI为2.7±0.4;两组差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.01)。结论左乳内动脉既能满足前降支、对角支和中间支甚至更广泛区域缺血心肌的血供需求,又能保证冠状动脉旁路的动脉化,提高远期通畅率。     

CABG术后冠状动脉竞争血流对LIMA血流ET、NO含量的影响

目的:研究冠状动脉分流(CABG)术后冠状动脉竞争血流对左乳房内动脉(LIMA)桥血流中内皮素(ET)、一氧化氮(NO)含量的影响,探讨动脉桥血管早期衰坏的分子机制。方法:建立猪CABG术后桥血管竞争血流动物模型,利用血流闭塞器造成冠状动脉不同程度狭窄,测量桥血管血流量及方向变化,并采用放射免疫分析法及硝酸还原酶法分别检测LIMA桥血流中ET、NO含量并进行对比分析。结果:冠状动脉左前降支(LAD)近端狭窄程度越轻,LIMA桥血流量越少;LAD近端未完全闭塞时,LIMA桥均出现双向血流。CABG术后LIMA桥血流ET含量明显高于移植前(P<0.05),NO含量明显低于移植前(P<0.05)。LAD近端冠脉竞争血流越大,LIMA桥血流NO含量越低。LIMA桥血流NO含量与LIMA桥血流量呈正相关(r=0.957,P<0.05)。LAD近端30%狭窄时,NO含量明显低于LAD近端90%狭窄及全部闭塞时(P<0.05),LAD近端50%狭窄时,NO含量明显低于LAD近端全部闭塞时(P<0.05)。LIMA桥血流ET含量有随LAD近端冠脉竞争血流增加而升高的趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:来自未完全闭塞冠状动脉的竞争血流可引起LIMA桥血流量下降,产生双向血流,并导致桥血流中NO含量显著下降。     

快速傅里叶变换分析冠状动脉旁路移植术中不同桥血管的血流波形特征及其意义

基于血流频谱特征探讨冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）中左侧乳内动脉（LIMA）、大隐静脉（SVG）、乳内动脉+大隐静脉复合桥（LIMA+SVG）和桡动脉（RA）术后通畅率上存在差异的原因,阐明其临床意义及应用价值。     

冠状动脉不同狭窄程度的竞争血流对旁路移植乳房内动脉血管桥血流的影响

目的：研究冠状动脉不同狭窄程度的竞争血流对旁路移植乳房内动脉（IMA）血管桥血流的影响。方法：选用中华小型猪，建立猪冠状动脉分流术（CABG）后IMA桥血管竞争血流动物模型，在冠状动脉左前降支（LAD）近端不同狭窄情况下，用即时血流检测仪（TTFM）分别测量LAD吻合口近端、远端、左侧乳房内动脉（LIMA）桥血流量及方向、波形、搏动指数（PI）值，并进行对比分析。结果：LAD近端完全开放、30％、50％、75％、90％狭窄、全部闭塞时LIMA桥平均血流量分别为(9.75±1.45)、(11.63±1.69)、(15.63±2.26、(19.75±2.37)、(23.50±2.34)和（26.75±2.11）ml/min；PI值分别为4.4±1.7、4.1±1.6、4.2±1.9、3.7±1.8、3.3±1.6、2.5±1.4。LAD近端90％狭窄及全部闭塞时LIMA桥的血流量均明显高于LAD近端完全开放、30％狭窄、50％狭窄时的血流量(P<0.01)，各组PI值相比，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。LAD近端未完全闭塞时LIMA血管桥均可出现双向血流，LAD近端各种狭窄程度LAD远端血流量差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：冠状动脉竞争血流确实存在。来自未完全闭塞冠状动脉的竞争血流造成的桥血流量减少和血流方向改变可能是造成CABG术后早、中期IMA血管桥衰坏的重要因素。     

Total Arterial Revascularization with Internal Mammary Artery or Radial Artery Graft Configuration

To investigate the clinical use of π graft in total arterial revascularization and its outcomes, a retrospective analysis of 23 patients out of 1000 patients undergoing total arterial coronary bypass surgery with a π graft between September 1994 and December 2004 was performed. In the selected patients for the management of triple vessel disease with middle diagonal/intermediate ramus disease such that a skip with the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) or radial artery (RA),the main stem of π graft, to the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) will not work and the right internal mammary artery (RIMA) or right gastroepiploic artery (RGEA) cannot pick up the diagonal/intermediate ramus, hence the LAD and diagonal/intermediate ramus were grafted with a mini Y graft using the distal segment of LIMA, RIMA, RA or RGEA, together with the bilateral internal mammary artery (BIMA) or LIMA-RA T graft to compose π graft. Twenty-three patients (18 males, 5 females) underwent the π graft procedure. There were no deaths or episodes of myocardial infarction, stroke, and deep sternal wound infection. One patient required reopening for controlling bleeding. Until the end of 2004, during a mean follow-up of 81.0 ±28.4 months, no angina needing re-intervention or operative therapy or coronary related death occurred. In conclusion, in patients with specific coronary artery anatomy/stenosis, the BIMA (sometimes LIMA with RA or RGEA) π graft can be successfully performed for total arterial revascularization with good midterm outcomes.     

Total Arterial Revascularization with Internal Mammary Artery or Radial Artery π Graft Configuration

The superior short-and long-term patency ofthe left internal mammary artery(LI MA)hasmade it the conduit of choice in myocardial revas-cularization.Abandonment of traditional pedicleharvestingtechniqueinfavor of a semi-skeletonizedone[1,2]allows for maxi mal utilizable LI MAlength.In the selected patients for the manage-ment of triple vessel disease with middle diagonal/intermediate ramus disease such that a skip withthe LI MAto the LAD will not work and the RI MAcannot pick upthe diago…     

Midterm Follow-up of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting with 64-Slice Multi-detector Computed Tomography:Identification of Risk Factors Affecting Graft Patency

Objective To identify the risk factors that are associated with the midterm coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) functionality by assessing patency of left internal mammary artery (LIMA) graft and saphenous vein (SV) graft with 64-slice multi-detector computed tomography (64-MDCT). Methods Patients who underwent CABG operation and postoperative 64-MDCT follow-up examinations from August 2012 to December 2015 were included. The graft patent status was classified into patent and poor patent according to MDCT findings predominantly on 3D reconstructed images by two radiologists. The clinical data and imaging findings of the patients were collected and compared between the patent group and poor patent group. Univariate analysis and the multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the risk factors that affect graft patency. Results Among 341 patients in the study, there were 330 LIMA grafts [326 anastomosed to the left anterior descending artery (LAD), 4 to right coronary artery (RCA)] and 564 SV grafts (SVG) [100 anastomosed to the diagonal branch (D), 226 to the obtuse marginal branch (OM), and 238 to the RCA territory]. The approximal vessel stenosis exceeding 90% occurred in 268 of 292 patent LIMA grafts, and in 1 of 34 poor patent grafts (χ2=167, P<0.001). The patency rate was higher when SVG was anastomosed to OM (85.4%) or RCA territory (81.9%) than to D (69.0%) ( χ2=15.471, P=0.004). The proximal target vessel stenosis<90% ( OR=0.015, 95% CI: 0.01-0.14, P=0.000) was independently associated with the closure risk of LIMA grafts, the dyslipidemia (OR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.0-2.5, P=0.048), history of diabetes (OR=1.28, 95% CI : 0.90-2.26, P=0.045) and typical angina symptoms (OR=1.81, 95% CI :1.33-4.15, P=0.003) were independently associated with the closure risk of SVG. Conclusions The proximal LAD stenosis less than 90% was adversely associated with graft patency in LIMA recipients; dyslipidemia, diabetes and angina symptoms were associated with the midterm failure in SVG recipients. The choice of the target anastomosis sites may affect the patency of SVG.