原发性阑尾恶性肿瘤的诊断和外科治疗(附15例报道)

目的探讨原发性阑尾恶性肿瘤的诊断和外科治疗方法。方法回顾性分析15例经病理确诊并手术的原发性阑尾恶性肿瘤资料。典型类癌6例,杯状细胞类癌1例;阑尾粘液腺癌4例,中分化腺癌2例,粘液囊腺癌2例。术前确诊1例杯状细胞类癌,行右半结肠切除+腹腔化疗;术中确诊7例,其中2例典型类癌、1例粘液腺癌和1例粘液囊腺癌行阑尾及肿瘤切除术,1例典型类癌、1例粘液囊腺癌及1例腺癌行右半结肠切除术;术后明确诊断7例,2例典型类癌未再行手术治疗,1例典型类癌、4例腺癌行补救性右半结肠切除术。结果所有患者平均随访32(4~98)月。11例无症状生存,3例腺癌和1例杯状细胞类癌在术后15月内死亡。结论阑尾恶性肿瘤术前确诊困难,术中确诊并选择合理术式是保证预后的重要手段。     

Drain site evisceration of the appendix: Report of a case

We report herein the case of a patient in whom evisceration of the appendix occurred at the site of a drain placed in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. Because the appendix had become adhered to the side-hole of the drain with an external diameter of 11 mm, it was pulled out attached to the drain. Consequently, the stab wound incision of the drain was extended and an appendectomy was performed under general anesthesia. Thus, drains with a small diameter should be used whenever possible, and side-holes not having any influence on the drainage should be avoided.     

Appendiceal carcinoma invading the urinary bladder

A case is reported of a 78-year-old woman with appendiceal carcinoma invading the bladder causing irritative symptoms. Although several imaging studies suggested that the secondary bladder tumor was of cecal or appendiceal origin, such as abscess or mucocele, histologic findings on transurethral and transvaginal biopsy were inconclusive. However, following laparotomy, pathologic examination of the frozen sections revealed a mucinous cystadenocarcinoma originating in the appendix and a right hemicolectomy and en bloc partial cystectomy were performed. One year after the operation, the patient was well with no evidence of recurrent cancer.     

原发性阑尾肿瘤9例诊治报告

目的 总结原发性阑尾肿瘤的诊治经验。方法 分析9例原发性阑尾肿瘤的诊治经过。结果 原发性阑尾肿瘤临床较少见,其症状体征无特异性。术前几乎不能明确诊断,常误诊为急慢性阑尾炎, 右下腹炎性包块等,二次手术率高。结论 凡有以下表现应考虑本病。作相应处理;（1）阑尾炎症状不典型,近期又复发,或表现为阑尾脓肿,积极治疗效果不佳,或一度消退又复发,（2）右下腹肿块,（3）术后表现阑尾粗大或短缩,壁增厚,腔闭塞,或根部有坚硬肿块。（4）阑尾切除术后形成长期不愈的瘘管。（5）不明原因的下消化道出血,回结肠套叠等。阑尾肿瘤均应手术。视具体情况行阑尾切除术或右半结肠切除术,或根治性右半结肠切除术。     

阑尾周围脓肿的Ⅰ期手术治疗

目的探讨急性阑尾周围脓肿Ⅰ期手术切除的指征、方法和并发症。方法对1990年1月-2005年12月收治的行Ⅰ期手术治疗的276例急性阑尾周围脓肿患者的病例资料进行分析。结果本组276例无围手术期死亡。发生切口感染27例，腹壁窦道形成3例，盲肠瘘2例，腹腔残余脓肿1例。平均住院天数15．8天。结论急性阑尾周围脓肿不是Ⅰ期手术治疗的禁忌证，积极采取合适的手术方式能及早控制炎症，缩短病程。但要视术中具体情况，不能盲目追求Ⅰ期切除率。     

阑尾类癌10例诊治

目的探讨阑尾类癌的生物学特性、诊断和外科治疗经验。方法回顾性总结自1980-2005年收治的10例阑尾类癌患者的临床和病理资料。结果本组10例患者的症状和体征提示为阑尾炎,均行阑尾切除术。肿瘤直径小于1cm有6例,1～2cm3例,大于2cm1例。肿瘤直径大于2cm1例且伴阑尾系膜淋巴结阳性者再次行右半结肠切除术。随访9例平均13年(2～20年),所有患者均无复发和远处转移。结论阑尾类癌少见且多无症状。小于1cm的阑尾类癌仅作单纯性阑尾切除术即可。肿瘤大于2cm的患者应行右半结肠切除术。     

阑尾恶性肿瘤

阑尾恶性肿瘤２１例，其中阑尾类癌１４例，阑尾腺癌４例，阑尾淋巴肉瘤２例，囊肿型阑尾癌１例。２１例中进行单纯阑尾切除１６例，二期右半结肠切除５例。随访５～１０年，生存率均为９０５％。作者认为术中如疑为阑尾恶性肿瘤，应做术中快速病理检查，以明确其病理类型；对诊断明确者，视肿瘤大小及病理类型，有选择性地加做右半结肠切除，以提高手术预后。     

阑尾类癌13例诊断和治疗

目的探讨阑尾类癌的生物学特性、诊断和外科治疗经验,提高首次手术治愈率。方法回顾性总结1985年至2002年我院收治的13例阑尾类癌患者的临床和病理资料。结果全组无一例术前确诊,均经术后病理确诊。肿瘤直径小于1cm 9例,1～2cm 3例,大于2cm 1例。8例肿瘤浸润深度限于黏膜下或肌层,3例浸及浆膜。有2例患者显示肿瘤浸润至阑尾系膜,其中有1例患者肿瘤大于2cm伴局部淋巴结转移。分别采用单纯性阑尾切除术9例,回盲部切除术1例,右半结肠切除2例,姑息性手术1例。获随访的11例患者中,10例患者无复发和远处转移,1例死亡。结论阑尾类癌少见且多无症状,难以做出术前确诊。宜根据肿瘤大小、部位及浸润深度决定手术方式和切除范围。     

低级别阑尾黏液性肿瘤35例临床病理特点分析

目的 探讨低级别阑尾黏液性肿瘤（LAMN）病人的临床病理特点,为临床诊治提供参考。方法 回顾性分析2013年3月至2019年3月期间于郑州大学第一附属医院就诊的35例LAMN病人的临床病理资料。 结果 35例LAMN病人中,男13例,女22例,年龄（57.7±12.4）岁。腹痛14例,发现腹部包块12例,腹胀6例,下肢水肿1例,消化道出血1例,体检发现1例。行术前超声检查18例,行术前下腹部增强CT检查26例。癌胚抗原（CEA）升高18例,CA19-9升高6例。LAMN病人与LAMN合并腹膜假黏液瘤（LAMN+PMP）病人CA19-9及CEA阳性率差异无统计学意义。7例行传统开放手术,28例行腹腔镜及腹腔镜辅助手术。其中10例行右半结肠切除,且淋巴结活检均未见转移。5例术中发现阑尾穿孔。随访期间肿瘤进展或复发5例,均为LAMN+PMP。 结论 肿瘤标记物联合影像学检查对LAMN的诊断及治疗有一定提示意义。阑尾穿孔或合并卵巢黏液肿瘤多见于LAMN+PMP,且LAMN预后优于LAMN+PMP。     

Appendiceal mucinous cystadenoma associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei and multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma: Report of a case

An extremely rare case of mucinous cystadenoma developing to pseudomyxoma peritonei together with multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma is herein reported. The patient was a 25-year-old Japanese woman who underwent an appendectomy under the diagnosis of acute appendicitis because of right lower abdominal pain. The patient histopathologically demonstrated appendiceal mucocele with pseudomyxoma peritonei. She underwent a laparotomy in our unit following detailed examinations. Several cystic tumors measuring from 3 to 5 cm in diameter were found in the omentum, and thus omentectomy, partial cecectomy and left oophorectomy were all performed to resect the tumors. Immunostaining and electron microscopy showed the appendiceal lesion to be mucinous cystadenoma, while the peritoneal lesion was multicystic mesothelioma. To our knowledge, this is the first report in the world literature of this rare combination of diseases.     

Appendiceal intussusception due to an appendiceal malignant polyp — An association in a patient with peutz-jeghers syndrome: Report of a case

A 40-year-old woman with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and an appendiceal intussusception is reported. In this patient, the lead point was a large sessile, appendiceal polyp. The invaginated and inverted portion of the appendix resembled the long stalk of a pedunculated polyp on roentgenography and endoscopic examination. Histologically, the appendiceal polyp was a villous adenoma with mild to severe atypia and focal carcinoma in situ. In patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, hamartomatous polyps and colorectal adenomatous polyps with highly malignant potential can coexist and must be managed appropriately. Therefore, when evaluating a polypoid or a pedunculated lesion in the cecal lumen, the possibility of an appendiceal intussusception should also be investigated.     

Pseudomyxoma peritonei: Role of cytoreduction and intraperitoneal chemotherapy

In the past, pseudomyxoma peritonei was considered as an incurable disease and often no active treatment was given. With the advent of cytoreductive surgery, including peritonectomy procedures and intraperitoneal chemotherapy, long‐term survival of these patients is actually possible. A 61‐year‐old patient with adenocarcinoma of the appendix who presented with a clinical picture of pseudomyxoma peritonei is described in the present report. The patient achieved independent activity of daily living and improved quality of life after aggressive surgical approach and intraperitoneal chemotherapy.      

La Responsabilité Médicale La Nouvelle Loi Relative aux Droits du Patient

Pseudomyxoma peritonei is an uncommon condition characterized by abundant extracellular mucinous material and peritoneal tumoural implants. A ruptured appendiceal mucinous adenoma seems to be the most common origin, but low grade ovarian malignancies are often associated. Peritoneal gelatinous diseases must be subdivided into disseminated peritoneal adenomucinosis, peritoneal mucinous carcinomatosis and intermediate cases. These entities have significantly different prognosis. Debulking surgery is the most common treatment but some are in favour of an ultra radical surgery with hyperthermic intra-peritoneal chemotherapy, with some encouraging results.     

Intraluminal appendiceal fluid is a predictive factor for recurrent appendicitis after initial successful non-operative management of uncomplicated appendicitis in pediatric patients

Background

The risk factors for recurrent appendicitis in pediatric patients are unclear. This study aimed to identify the predictive factors for recurrent appendicitis in pediatric patients who initially underwent successful non-operative management of uncomplicated appendicitis.

Methods

Potential predictive factors for recurrent appendicitis in terms of clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography findings, were evaluated.

Results

This study included 125 patients who underwent initial successful non-operative management of appendicitis. The rate of recurrent appendicitis was 19.2%, and the mean time to recurrence was 12.6 months. Univariate analyses found that rebound tenderness, muscle guarding, appendicoliths, appendiceal diameter > 9 mm, and intraluminal appendiceal fluid were associated with recurrent appendicitis.Multivariate analysis identified only intraluminal appendiceal fluid as an independent predictor of recurrent appendicitis.

Conclusions

Intraluminal appendiceal fluid is a predictive factor for recurrent appendicitis after initial non-operative management. The results of this study provide valuable information that may help to determine the appropriate management during the first episode of appendicitis.     

双道丝线结扎处理阑尾根部应用价值研究北大核心CSCD

急性阑尾炎(acute appendicitis)是急腹症的最常见原因,如不及时干预,可导致阑尾穿孔及腹膜炎,进而危及生命。外科手术治疗是急性阑尾炎确切有效的治愈方式,其经历了从开放性阑尾切除术到腹腔镜阑尾切除术的模式转变[1]。     

Discontinuous appendiceal involvement in ulcerative colitis: Pathology and clinical correlation

Continuous mucosal involvement from the rectum proximally is one of the hallmarks of ulcerative colitis. However, recent pathologic series report appendiceal ulcerative colitis in the presence of a histologically normal cecum, representing a "skip" lesion. The clinical significance of this rinding has not been established. Eighty patients, 54 males and 26 females, average age 37.9 years (range 14 to 82 years) who underwent proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis from January 1990 to September 1995 were examined to determine the rate of discontinuous appendiceal involvement. Excluded were 12 patients with prior appendectomy and 11 with fibrotic obliteration of the appendiceal lumen. Of the remaining 57 patients, seven (12.3%) had clear appendiceal involvement in the presence of a histologically normal cecum. These seven patients clinically were indistinguishable from the 50 patients without skip involvement of the appendix in terms of age at surgery, pretreatment medications, type of surgery, interval from diagnosis to definitive procedure, complications, functional results, and clinical course. Discontinuous appendiceal involvement was found in 12.3% of patients undergoing proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis, and clinically these patients behave as those without this feature.