社区居民生命质量影响因素的多元线性回归分析

目的对大连市某社区居民生命质量进行调查,并分析其影响因素,旨在为制定提高我国社区居民生活质量的政策提供参考。方法采用随机抽样方法,选取大连市926名社区居民为研究对象,采用WHOQOL-BREF量表调查其生命质量状况,通过t检验、方差分析、多元线性回归方法来分析生命质量影响因素。结果居民在社会关系、环境、心理和生理维度的得分分别为60.98±15.74,52.26±17.07,58.87±13.18和56.76±15.48。多因素分析显示,影响社区居民生命质量的主要因素有婚姻状况、学历、职业、收入、体育锻炼、慢性病、精神创伤。结论体育锻炼、慢性病、精神创伤、婚姻状况、学历等因素是社区居民生命质量的主要影响因素。     

社区居民生命质量影响因素的多元线性回归分析北大核心CSCD

目的对大连市某社区居民生命质量进行调查,并分析其影响因素,旨在为制定提高我国社区居民生活质量的政策提供参考。方法采用随机抽样方法,选取大连市926名社区居民为研究对象,采用WHOQOL-BREF量表调查其生命质量状况,通过t检验、方差分析、多元线性回归方法来分析生命质量影响因素。结果居民在社会关系、环境、心理和生理维度的得分分别为60.98±15.74,52.26±17.07,58.87±13.18和56.76±15.48。多因素分析显示,影响社区居民生命质量的主要因素有婚姻状况、学历、职业、收入、体育锻炼、慢性病、精神创伤。结论体育锻炼、慢性病、精神创伤、婚姻状况、学历等因素是社区居民生命质量的主要影响因素。     

基于多元线性回归模型的社区居民孤独感影响因素研究

目的了解大连市部分社区居民的孤独感状况和影响因素,为改善居民孤独感提供理论依据。方法采取随机抽样的方法,对大连市社区937名居民进行问卷调查。运用自编调查表收集该人群的基本信息,采用孤独感量表UCLA评估居民的孤独感状况。采用t检验,方差分析进行孤独感单因素分析,应用多元线性回归对孤独感影响因素进行多因素分析。结果共回收有效问卷926份,该人群的孤独感得分为(46.76±6.16),单因素分析结果显示,孤独感评分在性别婚姻状况、家庭收入、饮酒、睡眠质量、体育锻炼等方面具有显著性差异(P0.05)。多元线性回归结果显示,体育锻炼、收入水平、睡眠质量、饮酒和独居对孤独感得分影响显著(P0.05)。结论大连市部分社区居民孤独感状况处于中等水平,体育锻炼、睡眠质量、居住方式、饮酒行为、家庭收入是孤独感的影响因素。     

武陵山区农村妇女生命质量及影响因素分析

目的了解武陵山区农村妇女生命质量影响因素,为提高该地区人群的生命质量提供参考依据。方法采用一般情况调查表和WHOQOL-BREF量表对随机整群抽样的武陵山区1521名农村妇女进行调查。结果生命质量各领域得分,生理领域、心理领域、社会关系领域、环境领域分别为12.66±1.34、12.26±1.32、14.74±1.42和12.19±1.68。单因素分析显示年龄、婚况、文化程度、体育锻炼、家庭收入、是否患慢性病及妇科病各因素中除家庭年收入对生理领域和文化程度对社会关系领域的影响经分析差异无统计学意义外,其余各因素在生命质量各领域的得分经分析差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。多元线性逐步回归分析结果表明,生理领域得分受7个因素影响,前3位是:睡眠质量、家庭成员和睦状况、是否患慢性病;心理领域得分受9个因素影响,前3位是:年龄、家庭年收入、婚况;社会关系领域得分受5个因素影响,前3位是:是否患慢性病、家庭成员和睦状况、是否患妇科病;环境领域得分受9个因素影响,前3位是:对居住环境的满意度、家庭年收入、体育锻炼。结论武陵山区农村妇女生命质量各领域得分高于本地留守老年人。影响武陵山区农村妇女生命质量的因素是多方面的,其中睡眠质量、家庭成员和睦状况、是否患妇科病和慢性病、年龄、家庭年收入、婚况、体育锻炼、对居住环境的满意度是主要影响因素。     

社区居民生存质量及影响因素研究

目的了解社区人群生存质量(quality of life,QOL)及其影响因素,为提高居民生存质量提供决策依据。方法采用入户访谈调查方式调查252 013名30～79岁城乡社区居民,生存质量评定参照世界卫生组织生存质量量表(WHOQOL)的生理、心理和社会关系维度,选取其中睡眠状况、抑郁情绪和人际关系进行加权评分,采用多元线性回归分析生存质量的影响因素。结果调查人群QOL平均得分为(78.7±24.0)分,女性QOL得分(77.8±24.4)分低于男性(79.5±23.6)分(t=18.3,P<0.01),城市居民QOL得分(72.0±24.6)分低于农村居民(80.9±23.4)分(t=80.1,P<0.01),患慢性病居民QOL得分(72.3±25.7)分低于未患病组(81.1±22.9)分(t=-79.6,P<0.01),随着年龄增加社区居民的生存质量得分明显下降,30～岁、45～岁、60～岁组人群平均QOL得分依次为(81.2±23.1)分、(78.1±24.0)分、(74.6±24.8)分(F=1303.8,P<0.01);多元线性回归分析结果显示,男、女居民患有一种及以上慢性病、卫生保健服务不满意...     

云南省傣族居民生活质量及影响因素分析

目的 了解云南省傣族居民生活质量状况及其相关影响因素,为采取干预措施提供参考依据.方法 采用分层整群抽样方法对在云南省新平县腰街乡和戛洒镇抽取的2个村共185名14-70岁傣族居民的生活质量状况及其相关影响因素进行问卷调查.结果 云南省傣族居民生理、心理、社会关系、环境领域和总的健康状况与生活质量得分分别为(61.3±14.2)、(61.1±14.1)、(69.4±14.5)、(53.1±14.5)和(56.3±21.7)分;多元线性回归分析结果表明,文化程度越低、有残疾和慢性病的傣族居民生理领域生活质量得分较低,有足够御寒衣服和勤换衣服的傣族居民生理领域生活质量得分较高;身高越高、体重越重、有宗教信仰、吸烟习惯和相信神佛的傣族居民心理领域生活质量得分较高;年龄越大、残疾、有负性生活事件和未婚/离异/丧偶的傣族居民社会关系领域生活质量得分较低,文化程度越高、一年内新添衣服数和裤子数越多的傣族居民社会关系领域生活质量得分较高;残疾的傣族居民环境领域生活质量得分较低,勤翦指甲和勤换衣服的傣族居民环境领域生活质量得分较高.结论 云南省傣族居民生活质量的主要影响因素为社会经济状况、卫生习惯和身体状况等.     

社区居民生存质量及影响因素研究

目的了解社区人群生存质量（quality of life,QOL）及其影响因素,为提高居民生存质量提供决策依据。方法采用入户访谈调查方式调查252 013名30～79岁城乡社区居民,生存质量评定参照世界卫生组织生存质量量表（WHOQOL）的生理、心理和社会关系维度,选取其中睡眠状况、抑郁情绪和人际关系进行加权评分,采用多元线性回归分析生存质量的影响因素。结果调查人群QOL平均得分为（78.7±24.0）分,女性QOL得分（77.8±24.4）分低于男性（79.5±23.6）分（t=18.3,P<0.01）,城市居民QOL得分（72.0±24.6）分低于农村居民（80.9±23.4）分（t=80.1,P<0.01）,患慢性病居民QOL得分（72.3±25.7）分低于未患病组（81.1±22.9）分（t=-79.6,P<0.01）,随着年龄增加社区居民的生存质量得分明显下降,30～岁、45～岁、60～岁组人群平均QOL得分依次为（81.2±23.1）分、（78.1±24.0）分、（74.6±24.8）分（F=1303.8,P<0.01）;多元线性回归分析结果显示,男...     

云南不明原因猝死病区人群生命质量影响因素初探

目的 了解云南不明原因猝死病区人群生命质量状况,探讨其主要影响因素.方法 采用整群抽样方法获取调查对象,应用《居民家庭生活状况调查表》、《居民个人情况调查表》和《世界卫生组织生命质量评定简表》进行生命质量及影响因素的现况调查.结果 生命质量的多重线性回归分析中,与对照组相比,云南不明原因猝死病区人群生命质量的生理、心理、社会关系、环境等领域得分均较低,回归系数β分别为-0.233、-0.672、-0.334、-2.192,差异有统计学意义(均有Jp＜0.05).居民中较低文化、患有慢性病、过去1年有过住院、人均总收入较低人群的生命质量各个领域得分均较低(均有P＜0.05).结论 云南不明原因猝死病病区人群生命质量状况与该病相关.此外,较低的文化程度、患有慢性病和过去1年有过住院及较差家庭经济条件等因素是影响病区人群生命质量的主要影响因素.     

温州市城区沿河居民生命质量及影响因素分析

目的评估温州市城区沿河居民的生命质量,并分析其影响因素。方法根据水环境污染程度将温州市城市河道分为轻、中、重污染三类,采用分层随机抽样方法,选取6个沿河住宅区共228户居民,用生命质量量表(SF-36)测定其生命质量,采用单因素分析和多元线性回归分析对生命质量的可能影响因素进行分析。结果 210名居民各维度得分分别为生理功能96.67(10.00)分、活力(86.12±1.57)分、躯体疼痛80.00(20.00)分、生理职能87.50(25.00)分、社会功能83.33(16.67)分、情感角色66.67(33.33)分、总体健康(73.11±0.94)分及精神健康(72.27±0.93)分。多元线性回归分析显示,水环境污染对居民生理功能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、社会功能、情感角色、躯体健康、心理健康维度的影响占首位;居住时间越久的居民其躯体健康、生理功能、生理职能、总体健康、活力和社会功能维度的得分越高;社会阶层越高的居民其躯体健康、生理功能、躯体疼痛、总体健康维度得分也越高;男性总体健康维度得分高于女性。结论水环境污染对温州市城区沿河居民的生命质量存在明显的影响,应加强水质治理和环境保护宣传,提高居民生活质量。     

南昌市青山湖区社区居民生存质量调查

[目的]为了解南昌市青山湖区社区居民的生存质量水平,为当地政府制定卫生政策提供参考依据。[方法]以南昌市青山湖区城区18～69周岁的全体常住人口作为研究对象,应用多阶段随机抽样的方法,从该人群中抽取常住人口1476人,对其进行问卷调查;问卷包括一般情况调查、WHOQOL-BREF量表和影响因素调查表。收集和分析数据分别使用Epidata3.0软件和SPSS13.0软件。统计方法采用t检验、方差分析,多元线性回归等。[结果]南昌市青山湖区社区居民各领域的生存质量得分分别为:(53.39±8.83)分(心理领域)、(51.70±10.71)分(环境领域)、(65.53±11.85)分(生理领域)、(61.61±11.67)分(社会关系领域);(3.38±0.66)分(总的生存质量)。影响生存质量的因素有年龄、性别、婚姻、文化程度、健康状况、收入,运动等。[结论]南昌市青山湖区社区居民的生存质量需得到进一步提高。居民应采取相应措施缓解心理压力;进行适量体育运动,提高身体素质;使其生存质量得到提高。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.