经皮肾微造瘘输尿管镜取石术在肾鹿角形结石中的疗效与安全性观察

目的:探讨经皮肾微造瘘输尿管镜取石术在肾鹿角形结石中的疗效与安全性。方法:选取经皮肾微造瘘输尿管镜取石术进行治疗的20例肾鹿角形结石患者为观察组,并将同期的20例采用开放式手术进行治疗的患者设为对照组,将两组患者的一次结石取净率、术中出血量、手术时间、术后住院时间及并发症发生率进行统计与比较。结果:观察组在一次结石取净率、术中出血量、术后住院时间及并发症发生率均优于对照组,P<0.05,手术时间两组则无明显差异,P>0.05。结论:经皮肾微造瘘输尿管镜取石术在肾鹿角形结石中的疗效和安全性优于开放式手术。     

经皮肾穿刺微造瘘与内引流分期治疗结石性脓肾的疗效分析

目的 探讨经皮肾穿刺微造瘘与内引流分期治疗结石性脓肾的疗效.方法 选取本院2016年9月至2019年1月收治的80例结石性脓肾患者,一期行皮肾穿刺微造瘘或内引流治疗,二期行经皮肾镜取石术、经尿道输尿管镜取石术或肾切除术治疗,观察治疗效果及预后.结果 80例结石性脓肾患者中,一期行经皮肾穿刺微造瘘术70例,行经尿道输尿管镜下置双J管内引流术10例,手术治疗后病情均快速平稳康复;二期行腔内取石术75例,其中行经尿道输尿管镜取石术15例,一次取净15例(100.00％),行经皮肾镜取石术60例,全部取净55例(91.67％),均未发生严重并发症.75例保肾患者随访6个月,结果显示,轻中度组患肾功能好转率高于重度肾组,上尿路反复感染发生率低于重度肾组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).70例一期行经皮肾穿刺微造瘘术保留患肾患者随访6个月,结果显示,造瘘术后1 d,引流量≥200 mL组患者患肾功能好转率高于引流量<200 mL组,上尿路反复感染发生率低于引流量<200 mL组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 在对结石性脓肾患者的临床治疗中,经皮肾穿刺微造瘘与内引流分期治疗理想,且术前肾功能受损程度轻,造瘘术后1 d平均引流量≥200 mL的患者的治疗效果及预后更佳.     

经皮肾镜取石术治疗合并肾结核之上尿路结石的临床分析

目的探讨经皮肾镜取石术治疗上尿路结石合并肾结核的可行性。方法行经皮肾镜术后确诊的肾结核病人4例,肾结石3例,肾结石合并输尿管上段结石1例;术前可疑肾积脓2例,行结核相关检查,结果提示阴性。4例患者均行经皮肾镜碎石取石术,术中发现肾内均有不同程度积脓,予吸净脓液,用超声碎石取石,术毕取病理活检。结果术后病理结果提示肾结核3例,随访1~2年,病情治愈,肾盂黏膜慢性炎症1例,术后肾造瘘通道反复流脓,抗结核治疗半年后行患肾切除,术后病理报告为肾结核。结论结核合并结石并非经皮肾镜手术的绝对禁忌证,结合有效抗结核治疗,行经皮肾镜取石术可有效缩短病程,保留肾功能。     

经皮肾穿刺微造瘘输尿管镜治疗肾鹿角状结石

目的：评价微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾鹿角状结石患者的方法及疗效。方法：用经皮肾穿刺微造瘘输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石处理肾鹿角状结石34例。结果：33例均I期手术取石,单通道取石22例,双通道取石11例;其中1次取石21例,2次取石11例,3次取石1例。26例结石全部取尽,余7例有少许残留,术后行ESWL,3例结石全部排出。仅1例于术中出血终止手术,结石未取出,术后35天继发大出血,行肾切除。平均手术时间108分钟,平均出血量180mL,住院时间为5-32天,平均16．8天。结论：微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾鹿角状结石的疗效确切,具有创伤小、并发症少、疗效好、恢复快等优点,值得推广应用。     

经皮肾镜治疗17例结石性脓肾的临床疗效

目的:探讨经皮肾镜联合第四代EMS碎石清石系统治疗结石性脓肾的疗效和安全性。方法:选择2012年8月至2013年11月我院收治的17例结石性脓肾患者,均在本院行经皮肾镜治疗。其中,12例行肾穿刺造瘘引流后Ⅱ期手术治疗,5例行Ⅰ期手术治疗。术中保持低灌注压,时间控制在1h内。结果:本组17例患者,其中,有13例患者一次取净结石,1例术后残留结石>1.5cm,一周后再次行经皮肾镜,另建通道,将结石取净,3例术后残留结石<1.5cm,行体外冲击波碎石术后将结石排净,一次碎石成功率为16/17。经皮肾镜取石术能迅速解除梗阻,清除脓液,术后患者均无严重并发症。结论:经皮肾镜是治疗结石性脓肾的有效方法,临床上可分Ⅰ期(经皮肾镜)或Ⅱ期(肾造瘘后再经皮肾镜)进行治疗。     

经皮肾镜及输尿管镜治疗肾输尿管结石临床分析

目的：探讨经皮肾镜及输尿管镜碎石取石术治疗肾及输尿管结石的手术疗效及安全性。方法：回顾性分析2011—07—2013—06经皮肾镜及输尿管镜碎石取石术治疗肾及输尿管结石63例病人的临床资料。结果：59例病人一期手术取得成功，结石取尽率（59／63）93．7％，手术时间30～100min，平均45min，l例输尿管结石因组织包裹转为开放手术取石，1例术后复查示结石残留行体外冲击波碎石，2例因残留的结石均〈6mm予以药物排石治疗。病人平均住院时间为7．5d。1例病人术后出现菌血症，1例发生轻度肾周血肿，无其它严重并发症。结论：经皮肾镜及输尿管镜碎石取石术治疗肾及输尿管结石具有创伤小、碎石成功率高、并发症少的优点，是一种安全有效的方法。     

超微经皮肾镜在Ⅱ期经皮肾镜手术通道建立中的应用

目的 探讨超微经皮肾镜在Ⅰ期行超声引导肾穿刺造瘘、Ⅱ期经皮肾镜手术取石通道中建立的应用价值。方法 21例Ⅰ期行超声引导肾穿刺造瘘,Ⅱ期利用超微经皮肾镜辅助探查原造瘘通道后建立手术通道行经皮肾镜取石术患者,纳入探查组,同期Ⅰ期造瘘、Ⅱ期行常规经皮肾镜碎石取石术的21例患者为对照组。比较两组患者的手术时间、住院时间、术中出血量、术后血红蛋白下降值、术中通道丢失率及术后结石清除率。结果 探查组患者的手术时间、住院时间、术中出血量、术后血红蛋白下降值、术中通道丢失率少/低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);两组的术后结石清除率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 在行Ⅱ期经皮肾镜患者中使用超微经皮肾镜辅助探查建道,可减少手术创伤和术中出血量,是一种安全有效的辅助方法。     

经皮肾输尿管镜碎石联合肾舒冲剂治疗上尿路结石

目的总结经皮肾微造瘘输尿管镜碎石、取石术(PCNL)联合肾舒冲剂治疗肾、输尿管上段结石的临床价值。方法在B超引导下经皮肾穿刺造瘘,将通道扩张至F14-18,从造瘘通道插入输尿管镜到结石处,用气压弹道碎石机将结石击碎,取出碎石片。术后口服肾舒冲剂,促进排石、消炎和肾功能恢复。结果42例患者,27例一期取净结石,8例1周后二期取净结石,7例肾盏内有小块结石残留,经体外震波碎石(ESWL)或软性膀胱镜取石后治愈。结论经皮肾微造瘘碎石、取石术疗效佳,损伤小,安全性较高,可作为治疗肾、输尿管上段复杂结石的重要方法,若与ESWL结合疗效更佳。术后应用肾舒冲剂促进消炎、利尿、排石,有助于患者的康复。     

输尿管结石微创治疗的进展

输尿管结石根据结石的位置、大小、数目及成分等可分别采用的微创治疗方法有体外冲击波碎石术(extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy,ESWL)、输尿管镜碎石术(ureteroscopy lithotripsy,URL)、经皮肾镜取石术(percutaneous nephrolithotripsy,PCNL),而对于各种原因无法行体外冲击波碎石术、输尿管镜碎石术及经皮肾镜取石术或治疗失败者,采用腹腔镜取石术(laparoscope lithotomy)。     

B超引导下经皮肾镜取石术治疗开放手术后复发肾结石疗效观察

目的探讨B超引导下经皮肾镜取石术治疗开放手术后复发肾结石的疗效。方法对38例开放手术后复发肾结石患者采用B超引导下经皮肾镜取石术,建立经皮肾通道(F16～24),经皮肾镜或输尿管镜下钬激光或体外冲击波碎石术(ESWL)碎石。结果 38例患者手术均取得成功,单通道完成手术36例,双通道2例。手术时间48～120min,平均82 min。一期结石清除率76.3%(29/38)。2例术后发热>38.5℃,经抗感染治疗后好转;1例术中及术后出血较多予输血治疗;无一例损伤肝、脾、肠道等重要脏器及其他严重并发症。结论 B超引导经皮肾镜取石术治疗开放手术后复发肾结石安全、有效。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.