线粒体能量转换系统的结构和功能

本文阐述了线粒体氧化磷酸化系统的结构和功能。包括电子传递链、ATP合成酶、腺苷酸转位酶和磷酸运输系统。电子传递链可分离为4个多蛋白复合物(其中有3个是能量转换的场所)和一些电子载体(泛醌和细胞色素C)。底物氧化放出的能量通过质子梯度转变为形成ATP的化学能量。经过不     

丹参对失血性休克大鼠心肌线粒体内膜损伤的治疗作用

本文研究了出血性休克时鼠心肌线粒体内膜呼吸链电子传递的变化和丹参注射液的灌注治疗。失血性休克４ｈ时，鼠心肌线粒体ＮＡＤＨ呼吸链和琥珀酸呼吸链电子传递活性明显下降。丹参治疗能明显改善鼠心肌线粒体二条呼吸链的电子传递活性：ＮＡＤＨ－Ｃｏ．Ｑ还原酶，ＮＡＤＨ－Ｃｙｔ．Ｃ还原酶，琥珀酸－Ｃｙｔ．Ｃ还原酶和细胞色素氧化酶活性皆恢复至假处理组水平的９０％以上，琥珀酸－Ｃｏ．Ｑ还原酶也明显恢复，上述酶皆与假处理     

失血性休克时大鼠肝线粒体内膜的损伤

本文研究失血性休克时鼠肝线粒体内膜呼吸链电子传递活性和细胞色素含量的改变。结果表明失血性休克引起线粒体电子传递活性不断下降：休克２ｈＮＡＤＨ－细胞色素ｃ还原酶显著低于假处理组；休克了３ｈＮＡＤＨ－Ｃｏ．Ｑ还原酶，琥珀酸－Ｃｏ．Ｑ还原酶，琥珀酸－细胞色素ｃ还原酶以及细胞色素氧化酶均明显低于假处理组，并随休克进程不断降低。另外，休克２ｈ肝线粒体细胞色素ｃ含量明显减少，而细胞色素ａ、ｂ、ｃ１在休克４ｈ也     

生物氧化中分子氧的活化机制

分子氧还原为水需细胞色素氧化酶催化,细胞色素C是细胞色素氧化酶的直接供电子体,细胞色素氧化酶催化的电子数与质子效比值约为1:2。本文对分子氧活化、电子转移、质子转位及水生成循环进行了综述。     

Captopril对缺血再灌心肌线粒体电子质子偶联和氧化磷酸化的影响

为研究ｃａｐｔｏｐｒｉｌ对缺血／再灌注心肌的保护机制，本实验用Ｌａｎｇｅｎｄｏｒｆｆ无作功非循环式离体心脏灌流模型，琥珀酸为底物，分别用氧电极法和铁氢化钾脉冲法检测缺血再灌注中ｃａｐｔｏｐｒｉｌ对心肌线粒体呼吸链复合体Ⅱ＋Ⅲ＋Ⅳ段氧化磷酸化和复合体Ⅱ＋Ⅲ段质子电子偶联的影响ｑ结果发现：缺血及再灌注时呼吸控制率（ＲＣＲ）、ＡＴＰ合成速度升高的现象在保护组不出现，说明ｃａｐｔｏｐｒｉｌ对心肌线粒体呼吸功能有保护作用，ｃａｐｔｏｐｒｉｌ对缺血时线粒体复合体Ⅱ＋Ⅲ质子泵出速度和电子传递速度升高有进一步的调节作用，使质子电子偶联更紧密，Ｈ＋／２ｅ－恢复至对照水平。再灌时质子泵出速度的降低可被ｃａｐｔｏｐｒｉｌ逆转。提示ｃａｐｔｏｐｒｉｌ可能具有清除自由基及膜保护作用     

巨噬细胞杀伤肿瘤细胞的效应分子——一氧化氮(NO)

一氧化氮(NO)是L-精氨酸中胍基上的氮经氧化过程产生的,催化这一反应的酶是一氧化氮合成酶.NO主要是与线粒体呼吸链上复合物中的Fe-S基团作用,形成铁-亚硝酰基复合物,抑制呼吸链中电子的传递,从而引起细胞毒性.大量研究结果表明:NO是活化的巨噬细胞(Mφ)杀伤肿瘤细胞的效应分子之一.除此之外,它还具有许多其它生物活性.     

极谱法测量大鼠脑线粒体细胞色素氧化酶活性的改良方法

细胞色素氧化酶,即呼吸链复合体Ⅳ,它位于呼吸链的最末端,催化细胞色素C(cytochrome C,cyt.c)的氧化,同时驱动ATP的合成,它也是线粒体的标志酶,其酶活性的发挥对于维持线粒体结构和功能以及细胞能量的产生有非常重要的意义。虽然国内外有关细胞色素氧化酶活性测量的报道很多,但运用较广的方法主要有三种:紫外分光光度法、极谱法和组织化学法,紫外分光光度法根据cyt.c的还原型和氧化型有不同的光吸收这一原理,通过测量还原型cyt.c的氧化率来反映细胞色素氧化酶的活性;极谱法是根据还原型cyt.c被酶氧化的同时消耗O_2这一原理,通过测量反应体系中氧耗率来反映酶活。相对而言,运用紫外分光光度法以及组织化学法的报道较多,而用极谱法测量的报道较少,但早在1983年Rafael J就提出极谱法测量细胞色素氧化酶活性更具优越性。本文结合实践经验对极谱法测量大鼠脑线粒体细胞色素氧化酶活性的方法     

重新评价细胞色素C在细胞死亡中的作用

大部分调控细胞死亡的蛋白都有一个与细胞死亡不相关的重要功能，细胞色素c也不例外。在正常细胞中，细胞色素c是唯一位于线粒体膜间隙，并与线粒体内膜松弛结合的正铁血红蛋白，在氧化呼吸链复合物Ⅲ和Ⅳ之间发挥传递电子作用。当细胞凋亡时，细胞色素C的亚细胞定位和功能完全改变。     

一氧化氮与肿瘤免疫

ＮＯ 是在ＮＯＳ的作用下，以Ｌ精氨酸和分子氧为底物，最终生成的。ＮＯ对细胞内信息的传递起着重要作用，同时又是杀伤肿瘤细胞的效应分子。ＮＯ 可以介导免疫细胞杀伤肿瘤细胞，而体内持续超量的ＮＯ，也可以引起基因突变和细胞癌变。ＮＯ 主要是与线粒体呼吸链上复合物中的ＦｅＳ基作用，形成ＦｅＳ亚硝酰基复合物，抑制呼吸链中电子的传递，从而引起细胞毒性。     

预缺氧对急性缺氧大鼠心肌线粒体功能及ATP含量的影响

目的：观察预缺氧对急性缺氧大鼠心肌线粒体功能及ＡＴＰ含量的影响。方法：实验大鼠分三组。１常氧对照组;２急性缺氧组;３预缺氧组。测定了心肌ＡＴＰ含量及线粒体呼吸功能,以荧光偏振法测定线粒体膜流动性。结果：经预缺氧处理的大鼠遭受急性缺氧后ＡＴＰ含量从（３１８±２４２）ｍｇ１·ｇ－１增加到（６０５５±３．５２）ｍｇ－１·ｇ－１（Ｐ＜００１）;线粒体呼吸控制率（ＲＣＲ）从１８４±０５８上升到４５５±０３２（Ｐ＜００１）;线粒体膜流动性（ＭＭＦ）明显增加（Ｐ＜００５）,Ｆ０Ｆ１－ＡＴＰ酶及Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性分别提高６６％和２５％。结论：预缺氧可有效改善缺氧大鼠心肌能量代谢,其作用环节可能和提高线粒体膜流动性,改善线粒体呼吸功能有关。     

大学生罗杰斯自我意象心理测评结果

目的：了解和评价大学生人格中自我意象的心理健康水平和影响其心理水平的相关因素。方法：对１８３名工大学生做随机抽样,采用香港中文大学林孟平编制的”罗杰斯自我意象问卷（ＲＳＩＱ）”做心理测验,全部数据用ＳＰＳＳ做统计分析。结果：５３．０１％的学生为高自我意象,４６．９９％为低自我意象。     

Age of puberty: data from the United States of America

In an attempt to determine whether the secular trend toward an earlier onset of puberty has continued over recent decades in the United States of America, published reports concerning the age of attainment of pubertal events have been reviewed. Such reports are very limited and vary in both design and inclusive ages of study subjects. Among females, two recent large cross-sectional studies indicate that fifty percent of females in the United States attain Tanner breast stage 2 at 9.5 to 9.7 years of age. This is younger than previously thought, although adequate earlier studies of girls in the United States are not available for comparison. These two studies also indicate that about 14% of girls attain Tanner stage 2 while 8 years of age; one study extends earlier reporting that about 6% exhibit onset of breast development while 7 years of age. There is no evidence that the age of menarche or the attainment of adult (Tanner 5) breast development has decreased over the past 30 years. The data also suggest an earlier onset of Tanner stage 2 pubic hair but no change in attainment of stage 5. Among males, pubic hair may be appearing at younger ages, but data are inadequate or too inconsistent to allow firm interpretation. The lack of standardization of genital criteria of pubertal onset in the male makes any conclusions regarding secular trends impossible. In summary, earlier secular trends over recent decades related to better health, improved nutrition or socio-economic status, or any putative influence by endocrine disrupters cannot be verified.     

Vascular tumors of bone: A study of 17 cases other than ordinary hemangioma,with an evaluation of the relationship of hemangioendothelioma of bone to epithelioid hemangioma,epithelioid hemangioendothelioma,and high-grade angiosarcoma

Cases filed as vascular tumor of bone other than ordinary hemangioma were reviewed. They were included in the study if there was adequate histologic material and clinical information, clear evidence of bone origin, and at least 5 years follow-up. The study group comprised 17 cases, of which 13 were categorized as hemangioendothelioma of bone, 1 as epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, and 3 as high-grade angiosarcoma. Hemangioendothelioma of bone had growth patterns varying from vasoformative to solid, but well-formed vessels were present in at least some area in all cases. The cells generally had a rounded, epithelioid character, regular nuclei, and relatively few mitotic figures; occasional features included spindle cells and scattered enlarged, hyperchromatic or pleomorphic nuclei. Lymphoplasmacytic and eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrate ranged from prominent to slight or absent, and myxoid or hyaline stroma was never more than focal. Epithelioid hemangioma could not be separated from hemangioendothelioma of bone. The single epithelioid hemangioendothelioma for the most part had cords of relatively uniform epithelioid cells in a prominent myxoid stroma but focally demonstrated an angiosarcoma-like appearance, with irregular vascular spaces and marked nuclear pleomorphism. The high-grade angiosarcomas exhibited predominantly irregular vasoformation combined with solid areas, diffuse nuclear hyperchromatism and pleomorphism, and, in 2 cases, numerous mitotic figures (the third case had only a small biopsy and a postradiation amputation specimen). Of the hemangioendotheliomas of bone, 7 were unicentric and 6 were regionally multicentric either concurrently or sequentially. Three patients had intraosseous local recurrence, 2 had discontinuous regional skin or soft tissue involvement (including the popliteal artery in 1), and 1 had a solitary lung metastasis, but none died of tumor. The patient with epithelioid hemangioendothelioma had multicentric tumors in widely separated bones and died with liver and lung metastases. Two of the high-grade angiosarcomas were unicentric, and the third was regionally multicentric, with a popliteal artery-soft tissue component as well. All 3 of these patients died with metastases in various sites.     

Spatial distribution of activity of the neurons of the visual cortex during stimulation with a flash of diffused light

At different stages in the development of the response to a flash of diffused light, groupings of excited neurons in field 17 of the guinea pig continue to occur within the same cortical microzones. These zones are separated from neighboring microzones by narrow inhibition zones. The ensembles of cells participating in excitation form columns tapering with depth. The grouping of excited cells noted during a silent break indicates a grouping of inhibitory neurons. Three subgroups are distinguished within the ensembles according to the average dynamics of their impulse activity; the groups are reciprocally interrelated. One of the subgroups is in the lower layers of the cortex. This subgroup is characterized by stably localized foci of maximal activity; their dynamics, apparently reflecting groupings of corticofugal neurons, are sharply distinguished from the subgroups of the middle layers. The ensembles under investigation are considered to be one of the forms of activity of the structural-morphological units in the cortex.Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal SSSR imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 69, No. 1, pp. 46–54, January, 1983.     

股骨粗隆间骨折术后并发症及原因分析

目的回顾性分析股骨粗隆间骨折的术后并发症并分析其原因。方法 2008年1月~2012年12月,我院手术治疗股骨粗隆间骨折共295例,按Evans分型,Ia型26例,Ib型53例,Ic型97例,Id型52例,II型67例。其中DHS组59例,IMHS组80例,PFN组25例,GAMMA3组28例,INTERTAN组103例。随访3~36个月,对部分发生并发症的病例进行手术干预。结果内固定物切割6例,拉力螺钉退出2例,髋内翻、下肢短缩12例,感染6例,血管损伤2例,股骨头无菌性坏死2例,内植物远端骨折2例,部分经再次手术治疗治愈。结论手术治疗股骨粗隆间骨折,要结合骨折类型、患者全身情况合理选用内固定物,术中复位及操作技术的改进以及术后适度的功能锻炼,能够减少术中及术后并发症的发生。     

A laboratory exercise in the study of the gross structure of the eye

The dissection of the bovine eye, when it is based on procedures used in ophthalmic surgery, results in an enthusiastic reception by medical students. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Arterialization of the venous system of the brain

Department of Normal Physiology, N. I. Pirogov Second Moscow Medical Institute. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 105, No. 1, pp. 9–11, January, 1988.     

《中华肾脏病杂志》2002-2004年论著引文统计分析

本文对《中华肾脏病杂志》2002-2004年论著引文进行了数据统计,在引文类型分布、引文语种分布、引文年代分布及被引频次与引文总数量百分比方面作了较详实地分析,肯定了《中华肾脏病杂志》在我国临床医学期刊中的学术影响和地位,最后得出总结性结论。