复方TH抗肿瘤作用研究

目的研究复方TH体内外抗肿瘤活性,筛选抗肿瘤新复方。方法体外采用噻唑蓝（MTT）法检测复方TH对体外培养的人肺癌细胞A549、人食管癌细胞EC9706、人结肠癌细胞LoVo、人肝癌细胞Hep G2、人乳腺癌细胞MCF 7的生长抑制作用,计算生长抑制率及半数抑制浓度（IC50）。将小鼠接种肝癌H22细胞后随机分成5组：空白对照组（双蒸水）、阳性对照组（顺铂0.005 g•kg 1）、3个剂量复方TH给药组（0.030,0.060,0.090 g•kg 1）,复方TH组次日开始灌胃给药0.3 mL,连续8 d。每间隔1 d每只小鼠腹腔注射给药0.2 mL,共3次。末次给药后24 h处死小鼠,计算肿瘤抑制率、胸腺指数、脾脏指数。结果复方TH可以显著抑制人肺癌细胞A549、人食管癌细胞EC9706、人结肠癌细胞LoVo、人肝癌细胞Hep G2、人乳腺癌细胞MCF 7的生长,IC50分别为7.15,5.41,2.49,2.18和1.37 μg•mL 1;TH复方小、中、高剂量组的肿瘤抑制率分别为52.8%,44.9%和47.9%;与对照组比较均差异有极显著性（均P＜0.01）,脏器指数及质量与对照组比较均差异无显著性,与阳性对照组比较差异有极显著性（P＜0.01）。结论复方TH对体外培养的肿瘤细胞有较强的细胞毒性作用,可显著抑制细胞生长;体内可以明显抑制实体瘤生长。     

参一胶囊联合顺铂对高转移人卵巢癌细胞系 HO-8910PM的抑制作用

［摘要］目的观察参一胶囊（Rg3）对高转移人卵巢癌细胞系HO 8910PM的抑制作用。方法细胞分成6组：阴性对照组（A组）：只加新鲜的全培养液；低浓度组（B组）：含10 μg•mL 1 Rg3培养液；中浓度组（C组）：含20 μg•mL 1 Rg3培养液；高浓度组（D组）：含40 μg•mL 1 Rg3培养液；顺铂阳性对照组（E组）：含10 μg •mL 1顺铂的培养液；顺铂+Rg3联合用药组（F组）：含10 μg•mL 1顺铂+20 μg•mL 1 Rg3培养液。分别从台盼蓝活细胞计数法、细胞的增殖抑制（CCK 8法）进行观察。结果Rg3对人卵巢癌HO 8910PM细胞有明显的抑制作用，显示了较好的细胞毒活性作用（P＜0.05）。Rg3与顺铂联合用药时，细胞毒作用与高浓度Rg3和顺铂组相似，但在微观结构上能造成更大的细胞形态结构损伤。结论Rg3对高转移人卵巢癌细胞有一定的抑制作用，Rg3与顺铂联合用药在细胞结构破坏上可能有相加或协同作用，这将为临床卵巢癌患者进行抗肿瘤治疗提供依据。     

旱莲草水提物对荷S180实体瘤小鼠抗肿瘤作用

［摘要］目的研究旱莲草水提物对S180 实体瘤的抗肿瘤作用及对荷瘤小鼠免疫系统的影响。方法将小鼠S180实体瘤模型随机分为5组：0.9%氯化钠溶液组，环磷酰胺0.02 g•kg 1组和旱莲草水提物低、中、高剂量 （10.00，15.00，20.00 g•kg 1）组。旱莲草水提物各剂量组灌胃给予旱莲草水提物，qd，连续10 d；环磷酰胺组与0.9%氯化钠溶液组腹腔注射（ip）给药，qod。观察小鼠肿瘤生长情况、体重及免疫器官变化。结果旱莲草水提物低、中、高剂量组荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长均受到显著抑制，抑瘤率分别为42.94%（P＜0.01）,55.91%（P＜0.01）和52.06%（P＜0.01）；旱莲草水提物低、中、高剂量组小鼠胸腺指数均高于0.9%氯化钠溶液组和环磷酰胺组，环磷酰胺组脾指数和胸腺指数均显著降低（均P＜0.05）。结论旱莲草水提物对荷瘤小鼠的肿瘤生长有抑制作用，并对小鼠的免疫系统有增强作用。     

温郁金二萜类化合物C对人结肠癌细胞SW620增殖的影响

目的观察温郁金醚提物中二萜类化合物C（以下简称化合物C）体外对人结肠癌细胞SW620生长、细胞凋亡和细胞周期的影响。方法以顺铂（DDP）为阳性对照药物,采用噻唑蓝（MTT）法检测化合物C对SW620细胞增殖的抑制作用; An nexin V FITC标记流式细胞术（FCM）检测化合物C对SW620细胞的凋亡抑制率,流式细胞术检测化合物C对SW620细胞周期的影响。结果MTT法显示化合物C对SW620的半数抑制浓度（IC50）为24.16 μg•mL 1,顺铂为45.80 μg•mL 1;化合物C较低浓度时的抑制率与阳性对照组(DDP组)相似,在30,50,70 μg•mL 1时的抑制率与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;FCM显示,化合物C能诱导SW620细胞凋亡,其诱导凋亡率呈现一定的浓度和时间依赖性,48 h后化合物C70 μg•mL 1组凋亡率为33.55%;化合物C能将SW620细胞阻滞于G1期,减少肿瘤细胞在S期和G2/M的比例。结论化合物C能诱导SW620细胞凋亡,阻滞其细胞周期,抑制细胞增殖,是温郁金发挥抗肿瘤作用的有效成分之一。     

白首乌苷体外抗肿瘤作用研究

目的通过体外抗肿瘤实验考察白首乌苷对多种瘤株的抑制作用。方法采用体外MTT比色法,结合生长曲线法及细胞形态学观察研究白首乌苷对B 16、K 562、PC 3和HeLa肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制作用。结果白首乌苷对B 16、K 562、PC 3和Hela肿瘤细胞均有较强的体外细胞毒作用,半数抑制浓度（IC50）分别为（10.0±0.4）,（23.1±1.3）,（34.8±2.4）,（41.6± 6.4） μg•mL 1,且具有明显剂量 效应关系;生长曲线表明,白首乌苷对PC 3肿瘤细胞的作用随着给药浓度增加而增强,且在一定剂量范围内随时间增加其对肿瘤细胞的作用增强,具有明显的量 效和时 效关系;观察细胞形态发现,白首乌苷能使细胞密度明显降低,细胞皱缩,部分悬浮,细胞碎片增多。结论白首乌苷对多种体外生长的肿瘤细胞均有抑制作用,且有一定的选择性。     

镨三元配合物对HL60细胞生长代谢热动力学的影响

目的观察水杨酸硫代脯氨酸镨三元配合物{［Pr（C7H5O3）2（C4H6NO2S）］•2H2O }对体外培养HL 60细胞生长代谢热动力学的影响。方法应用微量量热法绘制［Pr（C7H5O3）2（C4H6NO2S）］•2H2O作用时HL 60细胞生长代谢产热曲线,解析生长代谢速率常数（κ）、最大热输出功率（Pmax）、达峰时间（tmax）及配合物对细胞生长代谢的抑制率（I） 等热动力学参数,实验72 h应用显微观测法检查细胞凋亡情况。结果不同浓度［Pr（C7H5O3）2（C4H6NO2S）］•2H2O处理HL 60细胞后,细胞生长代谢受到不同程度抑制,并呈浓度依赖性;［Pr（C7H5O3）2（C4H6NO2S）］•2H2O达到4.0 μg•mL－1时,肿瘤细胞κ和Pmax明显减小,I明显增大。结论［Pr（C7H5O3）2（C4H6NO2S）］•2H2O影响HL 60细胞生长代谢,且具有剂量 效应关系,其有效作用浓度为4.0 μg•mL－1。     

地锦草提取物抗真菌作用及对红色毛癣菌角鲨烯环氧化酶的影响

目的 对地锦草提取物（EHE）进行体外抗真菌实验,探讨其抗真菌作用机制。方法 采用美国临床实验室标准化委员会（NCCLS）推荐的《产孢丝状真菌的液基稀释法抗真菌药物敏感性试验方案》（M38 A）,测定地锦草提取物对82株临床常见真菌的最低抑菌浓度值（MIC）;酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）研究其对红色毛癣菌角鲨烯环氧化酶的影响。结果 地锦草提取物对红色毛癣菌的平均MIC为446 μg•mL 1,石膏样毛癣菌值的平均MIC为652 μg•mL 1,紫色毛癣菌的平均MIC为1 024 μg•mL 1,许兰毛癣菌的平均MIC为896 μg•mL 1,疣状毛癣菌平均MIC为853 μg•mL 1,犬小孢子菌及4种念珠菌的平均MIC均＞1 024 μg•mL 1;地锦草提取物256 μg•mL 1时,可显著降低红色毛癣菌中角鲨烯环氧化酶的活性（P＜0.01）。结论 地锦草提取物有显著的抗真菌活性,对皮肤癣菌的敏感性比念珠菌高;其抗真菌机制可能与抑制角鲨烯环氧化酶的活性有关。     

羧甲基茯苓多糖体外抗艾滋病病毒作用研究

目的 观察羧甲基茯苓多糖（CMP）体外抗艾滋病病毒（HIV）作用. 方法 通过观察CMP对HIV-1ⅢB诱导感染C8166细胞致细胞病变的抑制实验及对HIV-1ⅢB感染MT4细胞的保护实验进行CMP抗HIV-1活性研究. 结果 同对照组相比, 10.000, 1.000和0.100 g&#8226;L^-1CMP对C8166细胞培养上清液HIV-1ⅢB P24抗原的分泌有抑制作用（P<0.05）, IC₅₀为1.8 g&#8226;L^-1, 10.000和1.000 g&#8226;L^-1CMP对感染HIV-1ⅢB的MT4细胞有保护作用（P<0.05）, EC50为0.5 g&#8226;L^-1. 结论 CMP体外有一定的抗HIV病毒的作用.     

STEM-X的急性毒性与抗肿瘤活性实验研究

［摘要］目的研究STEM X的急性毒性和体内对肿瘤的抑制作用。方法采用急性毒性实验：选取昆明种小鼠30只，随机分为3组，每组10只。禁食24 h后一次性给药。给药后连续观察14 d，详细记录小鼠的死亡数目、死亡时间及主要毒性反应。抗肿瘤实验：建立S180荷瘤小鼠模型40只，随机分为4组，每组10只，即低剂量药物组（浓缩液10 mL&#8226;kg 1），高剂量药物组浓缩液（20 mL&#8226;kg 1），氟尿嘧啶（5 Fu）阳性对照组（20 mg&#8226;kg 1），空白对照组。连续灌胃给药10 d，处死动物，称重，完整剥离瘤块并称瘤重。计算肿瘤抑制率。结果急性毒性实验的3个剂量组均未出现小鼠死亡，无明显异常。 STEM X浓缩液的半数致死量（LD50）＞50 mL&#8226;kg 1。抗肿瘤活性实验中，高、低剂量组、阳性对照组的瘤重和空白组比较，差异有显著性。高剂量组的肿瘤抑制率和阳性对照组比较，差异无显著性。低剂量组和阳性对照组比较，差异有显著性。结论STEM X在正常剂量下，安全、毒副作用极低。对S180肉瘤有明显抑制作用。     

雷公藤多苷抗炎作用的研究

摘要目的研究雷公藤多苷的抗炎作用。方法①对小鼠毛细血管通透性的影响： 小鼠60只,随机分为空白对照组,模型组,雷公藤多苷0.3,0.6,1.2 g&#8226;kg－1组,吲哚美辛10 mg&#8226;kg－1组,共6组,各10只,灌胃给药5 d后,均静脉注射0.5%伊文思蓝溶液0.01 mL&#8226;g－1,小鼠处死后,收集腹腔冲洗液,测定吸光度（A值）;②对大鼠角叉菜胶足肿胀的影响：大鼠50只,随机分为空白对照组,雷公藤多苷0.25,0.50,1.00 g&#8226;kg－1组,地塞米松4 mg&#8226;kg－1组,共5组,各10只,造模后,连续灌胃给药7 d,测定右后肢容积。结果空白对照组,模型组,雷公藤多苷0.3,0.6,1.2 g&#8226;kg－1组,吲哚美辛10 mg&#8226;kg－1组小鼠腹腔冲洗液A值分别为0.24±0.16,1.41±0.60,0.99±0.45,0.93±0.45,0.88±0.58,0.52±0.38,显示雷公藤多苷对小鼠毛细血管通透性有一定抑制作用。末次给药5 h后空白对照组,雷公藤多苷0.25,0.50,1.00 g&#8226;kg－1组,地塞米松4 mg&#8226;kg－1组大鼠足肿胀率分别为（36.3±13.7）%,（26.3±13.9）%,（37.9±14.5）%,（32.5±12.4）%,（17.2±10.9）%。结论雷公藤多苷具有一定的抗炎作用。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.