精浆中瘦素浓度与生殖内分泌激素的相关性及其对精子功能的影响

目的 探讨精浆中瘦素(lep)浓度与生殖内分泌激素睾酮(T)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)和胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)浓度之间的相关性,以及对精子密度、运动能力及有关生殖功能指标的影响.方法 随机选择126例不育症患者和30名具有正常生育能力的健康男性对照者,分别应用放射免疫分析(RIA)技术检测其精浆中的lep、T、FSH和LH浓度,应用免疫放射分析(IRMA)技术检测其精浆中的IGF-1浓度.根据精子数量的多少将不育症组分为A组(精子数≥20×109/L,即精子数量正常组)、B组(精子数<20×109/L,即少精子症组)和C组(无精子症组);根据精液分析中10个高倍视野(HPF)出现WBC的多少,分为WBC精液组(精液中WBC≥1×109/L)和非WBC精液组(精液中WBC<1×109/L);根据精子活力和活动率情况,将不育症A组分为精子活力正常组(a+b≥50%)和不良组(a+b<50%)(a:快速前向运动精子数,b:慢速或呆滞前向运动精子数),精子活动率正常组(活动率≥60%)和下降组(活动率<60%);根据健康对照组检测结果,将不育症A和B组分为精子穿透力正常组(穿透力>140 mm)和下降组(穿透力<40mm),精子顶体完整率正常组(完整率≥80%)和下降组(完整率<80%),精子尾部肿胀率正常组(肿胀率≥60%)和下降组(肿胀率<60%).结果 不育症组精浆中lep浓度为(2.77±0.80)μg/L,明显高于健康对照组的(1.14±0.31)μg/L,差异有统计学意义(t=10.943,p<0.05);IGF-1和T浓度分别为(17.67±8.09)μg/L和(4.84±2.15)nmol/L,明显低于健康对照组的(24.79±9.32)μg/L和(6.30±2.53)nmol/L,差异有统计学意义(t=4.205、3.228,P均<0.01);FSH和LH浓度分别为(32.61±9.14)U/L和(40.57±12.40)U/L,与健康对照组的(29.63±7.56)U/L和(37.25±9.19)U/L比较,差异无统计学意义(t=1.655、1.378,P均>0.05).不育症组精浆中lep浓度与IGF-1和T浓度之间存在明显的负相关(r=-0.237、-0.316,P均<0.01),与FSH和LH浓度之间均无相关性(r=0.104、0.112,P均>0.05);A、B、C3组的lep浓度有逐渐增高趋势(F=115.93,p<0.01).不育症组中的精子活力与活动率正常组、非WBC精液组,以及精子穿透力、尾部肿胀率和顶体完整率正常组的lep含量均低于不正常(或下降)组.结论 精浆中lep浓度与IGF-1、T之间存在一定的相关性,其可能通过抑制雄激素分泌和影响精子获能等导致精子密度下降和抑制精子的活力及活动率.     

Relationship between leptin, insulin resistance, insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in patients with chronic kidney disease

This study examined the relationship between leptin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and insulin resistance in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Levels of leptin, insulin, IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and common routine parameters were measured in 45 patients (23 males and 22 females) with CKD and 45 healthy controls matched for age, gender and body mass index. IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels were measured using a two-site immunoradiometric assay. Leptin levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A homeostasis model assessment computer-solved model was used to assess insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Levels of serum leptin, insulin, IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and HOMA-IR were significantly increased in patients with CKD compared with healthy subjects, whereas fasting blood glucose was not significantly different between the two groups. In patients with CKD, the serum leptin level was significantly correlated with IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and HOMA-IR. In conclusion, this study suggests that there is an interaction between leptin, IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and insulin resistance in patients with CKD.     

Reference values for serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in Korean children and adolescents

ObjectiveMeasurements of serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) are utilized in the diagnostic work-up and clinical management of children with growth disorders. We designed this study to establish the reference values of serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels according to age, sex and pubertal stage in Korean children and adolescents.MethodsFor the study, 1378 healthy Korean children and adolescents aged 0 to 17 years (722 boys, 656 girls) were randomly selected. Blood samples were collected, and the stored sera were assayed for IGF-I and IGFBP-3 using immunoradiometric assay (IRMA, Immunotech). The R 2.8.1 program (Bell Laboratories) was used to generate reference percentile curves for IGF-I and IGFBP-3 according to age, sex, and pubertal stageResultsSerum IGFBP-3 level was higher in girls compared to that in boys of the same ages throughout the pubertal period, whereas IGF-I was only higher for girls younger than 13 years of age. Serum levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 increased steadily with age in the prepubertal stage, followed by a progressive decline thereafter. Peak levels of serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were observed two years earlier in girls compared to those in boys (13 vs. 15 years of age, respectively). Serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations were highest at Tanner stage IV in boys and girls, with a subsequent decline.ConclusionsOur reference value model based on age, sex, and pubertal stage can improve the diagnostic utility of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels in the evaluation and management of Korean children and adolescents with growth disorders.     

Differential effect of inflammatory stimuli on murine plasma C4 and factor B concentrations

The in vivo effects of a variety of inflammatory stimuli on complement C4 and factor B plasma levels have been examined. MRL/++ (H-2k) mice were given intraperitoneal injections of lipopolysaccharide, turpentine, Corynebacterium parvum pyridine extract residue or high doses of indomethacin. All of these treatments induced an increase in plasma factor B concentrations, which in the case of C. parvum was dose dependent and persisted for at least 7 days. Lipopolysaccharide, turpentine and indomethacin produced decreases in plasma complement C4. C. parvum, however, produced an increase in plasma complement C4 to approximately 240% of controls which was independent of gender. It was also independent of major histocompatibility complex haplotype, since the same effect was seen in C57B1/6J-bg/bg and C57B1/6J-bg/+ mice. The gross increment in complement C4 was, however, related to the major histocompatibility complex. H-2K mice ("low complement C4") had smaller increments than H-2b ("high complement C4"). Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) also produced a transient increase in C4 in the H-2b mice as well as a prolonged increase in factor B levels. These data (i) suggest that different inflammatory stimuli induce different mediators which may have differential effects on factor B and complement C4 synthesis, and (ii) emphasize the independent regulation of complement C4 and factor B. Qualitative variations in the mediators elaborated during chronic inflammatory diseases may help determine complement C4 fluctuations in systemic lupus erythematosus and the wide range of complement C4 concentrations seen in MRL/1 pr mice with active immune complex disease.     

The role of obesity, salt and exercise on blood pressure in children and adolescents

The increasing trends of blood pressure (BP) in children and adolescents pose great concern for the burden of hypertension-related cardiovascular disease. Although primary hypertension in childhood is commonly associated with obesity, it seems that other factors, such as dietary sodium and exercise, also influence BP levels in children and adolescents. Several studies support that sympathetic nervous system imbalance, impairment of the physiological mechanism of pressure natriuresis, hyperinsulinemia and early vascular changes are involved in the mechanisms causing elevated BP in obese children and adolescents. Under the current evidence on the association of salt intake and BP, dietary sodium restriction appears to be a rational step in the prevention of hypertension in genetically predisposed children and adolescents. Finally, interventional studies show that regular aerobic exercise can significantly reduce BP and restore vascular changes in obese with hypertensive pediatric patients. This article aims to summarize previous studies on the role of obesity, salt intake and exercise on BP in children and adolescents.     

The role of obesity,salt and exercise on blood pressure in children and adolescents

The increasing trends of blood pressure (BP) in children and adolescents pose great concern for the burden of hypertension-related cardiovascular disease. Although primary hypertension in childhood is commonly associated with obesity, it seems that other factors, such as dietary sodium and exercise, also influence BP levels in children and adolescents. Several studies support that sympathetic nervous system imbalance, impairment of the physiological mechanism of pressure natriuresis, hyperinsulinemia and early vascular changes are involved in the mechanisms causing elevated BP in obese children and adolescents. Under the current evidence on the association of salt intake and BP, dietary sodium restriction appears to be a rational step in the prevention of hypertension in genetically predisposed children and adolescents. Finally, interventional studies show that regular aerobic exercise can significantly reduce BP and restore vascular changes in obese with hypertensive pediatric patients. This article aims to summarize previous studies on the role of obesity, salt intake and exercise on BP in children and adolescents.     

The effect of viral hepatitis A on thyroid function in adolescents with thyroid pathology

In patients with virus hepatitis (VHA) without thyroid pathology, thyroid function decreases but during the recovery, it rapidly restores. In the presence of concomitant thyroid hyperplasia, its function in the acute period of VHA is inhibited to an ever greater degree and remains decreased during convalescence. This circumstance requires the use of replacement hormonal therapy. In cases of concomitant hypothyrosis, the initial level of thyroid hormones diminishes but it does not manifest itself by clinical disease exacerbation. In patients with concomitant toxic goiter, the hormonal status does not undergo any changes in mild forms of VHA, whereas in VHA of medium gravity and grave patterns of VHA, hyperthyroxinemia increases and the course of diffuse toxic goiter is exacerbated. Therefore, the treatment of patients with VHA associated with thyroid pathology should be conducted with regard to thyroid function.     

Brunnstrom分期训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者功能恢复的效果观察

目的探讨Brunnstrom分期功能训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者日常生活能力及运动功能恢复的影响。方法将120例脑卒中偏瘫患者随机分为观察组和对照组各60例,均予脑血管病常规药物治疗和常规护理。观察组在常规治疗护理基础上同时按照Brunnstrom分期分别进行康复训练（包括床上体位摆放、简单运动疗法、日常生活活动训练）、心理护理及健康指导。于训练前及训练4周后采用Brunnstrom评价肢体功能,Barthel指数评价日常生活活动能力（ADL）,并进行秩和检验。结果康复训练后,观察组患者Brunnstrom分期及ADL能力的恢复显著优于对照组。结论脑卒中偏瘫患者早期按照Brunnstrom分期进行康复训练,能有效促进其日常生活能力及运动功能的恢复,提高患者的毕活质量．     

Brunnstrom分期训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者功能恢复的效果观察

目的 探讨Brunnstrom分期功能训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者日常生活能力及运动功能恢复的影响.方法 将120例脑卒中偏瘫患者随机分为观察组和对照组各60例,均予脑血管病常规药物治疗和常规护理.观察组在常规治疗护理基础上同时按照Brunnstrom分期分别进行康复训练(包括床上体位摆放、简单运动疗法、日常生活活动训练)、心理护理及健康指导.于训练前及训练4周后采用Bmnnstrom评价肢体功能,Barthel指数评价日常生活活动能力(ADL),并进行秩和检验.结果 康复训练后.观察组患者Brunnstrom分期及ADL能力的恢复显著优于对照组.结论 脑卒中偏瘫患者早期按照Brunnstrom分期进行康复训练,能有效促进其日常生活能力及运动功能的恢复,提高患者的生活质量.     

The effect of starvation on leucine, alanine and glucose metabolism in obese subjects

Abstract. The relationship between changes in ketone concentrations and leucine metabolism (seven obese subjects), glucose and alanine metabolism (seven obese subjects) was investigated using radioisotopic techniques after 12 h, 60 h and 2 weeks starvation. Leucine metabolism was also measured in five lean subjects after 12 h and 60 h starvation. In the obese subjects leucine concentration increased after 60 h starvation and leucine metabolic clearance rate, glucose and alanine concentration decreased ( P < 0.05). Glucose and alanine production rate ( Ra ) decreased after 2 weeks ( P < 0.05) but there was no change in leucine Ra after 60 h or 2 weeks. In the lean subjects leucine concentration, production rate and oxidation rate were increased after 60 h ( P < 0.005, P < 0.05, P < 0.05). Ketone concentration was inversely related to alanine Ra ( r =—0.51, P < 0.02) but was not related to measurements of protein metabolism in the obese subjects. This study demonstrates that the effect of short-term starvation on protein metabolism differs in lean and obese subjects. The decrease in glucose Ra during long-term starvation may be in part due to a decreased supply of alanine for gluco-neogenesis.     

不同葡萄糖浓度对大鼠睾丸Sertoli细胞功能的影响

目的:研究不同葡萄糖浓度对体外培养的Sertoli细胞分泌ABP量和抑制素B(INHB) mRNA表达量的影响,进一步探讨高糖环境对大鼠睾丸Sertoli细胞功能影响.方法:建立不同葡萄糖浓度(5.6 ～ 40mmol/L)的Sertoli细胞体外培养模型,ELISA方法测量各组细胞培养液中的ABP含量及RT-PCR方法检测Sertoli细胞抑制素B mRNA的相对表达量并进行比较.结果:当培养基葡萄糖浓度在5.6～20.6 mmol/L时,Sertoli细胞分泌ABP量随葡萄糖浓度增加而增加,但当浓度超过此范围时,ABP的分泌量明显下降,而INHB mRNA表达量与培养基葡萄糖浓度呈负相关.结论:高糖环境对体外培养的大鼠睾丸Sertoli细胞的合成及分泌功能有明显影响.     

肉毒素和肿瘤坏死因子对大白鼠肝功能的影响

１MaterialsandMethods１．１ExperimentalanimalsSDmaleratswiththeageof１monthproducedinShanghai，weightedfrom９０gto１００g．１．２MainreagentsandinstrumentsDMEMmedium（providedbyGIBCOcompanyofUSA），０．０３％collagenaseⅠsolutions５０ml（SigmaCorporation，withDMEMassolvent），phosphoricbuffersolution（PBS）２５０ml，RDB－７８peristalsispump（InstrumentCorporationofZhangjiaganginJiangsu），cen－trifugalapparatusofBiofuge１５R，productionofGermanycompa－ny．１．３Separationandcultu…