腹茧症合并机械性肠梗阻1例

腹茧症是一种罕见的腹部疾病,主要表现为腹腔部分或全部脏器被一层纤维膜包裹,包裹内容物以小肠最为常见.本病术前诊断较为困难,患者多无症状或有轻微的腹部不适、消化不良等,常因其他疾病手术或尸检中偶然发现.部分患者临床上常表现为腹痛、腹胀、恶心、呕吐,严重时可引起肠梗阻.     

The abdominal cocoon and an effective technique of surgical management.

The Abdominal Cocoon is a very rare cause of small bowel obstruction. It is caused by encapsulation of the small bowel by a fibrous membrane. This tropical disease, seen in young females, has also been reported in males. This is one of the largest series of the Abdominal Cocoon, with five new patients (3 males and 2 females) being reported. The traditional surgical treatment of choice is by lysis of adhesions. All patients in this case series had small bowel intubation done in addition to adhesiolysis. Although small bowel intubation is an established procedure for various causes of recurrent small bowel obstruction, to our knowledge this is the first report of its use in the management of the Abdominal Cocoon. We report our surgical technique in the management of this rare disease.     

Idiopathic sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis: abdominal cocoon

Abdominal cocoon, the idiopathic form of sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis, is a rare condition of unknown etiology that results in an intestinal obstruction due to total or partial encapsulation of the small bowel by a fibrocollagenous membrane. Preoperative diagnosis requires a high index of clinical suspicion. The early clinical features are nonspecific, are often not recognized and it is difficult to make a definite pre-operative diagnosis. Clinical suspicion may be generated by the recurrent episodes of small intestinal obstruction combined with relevant imaging findings and lack of other plausible etiologies. The radiological diagnosis of abdominal cocoon may now be confidently made on computed tomography scan. Surgery is important in the management of this disease. Careful dissection and excision of the thick sac with the release of the small intestine leads to complete recovery in the vast majority of cases.     

Idiopathic abdominal cocoon syndrome with unilateral abdominal cryptorchidism and greater omentum hypoplasia in a young case of small bowel obstruction

Abdominal cocoon syndrome (ACS) is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction due to total or partial encapsulation of the small intestine by a fibrocollagenous membrane. Idiopathic ACS with abdominal cryptorchidism and greater omentum hypoplasia is even rarer clinically. We successfully treated a 26-year-old male case of small bowel obstruction with acute peritonitis. He was finally diagnosed with idiopathic ACS with unilateral abdominal cryptorchidism and greater omentum hypoplasia during exploratory laparotomy. He then underwent enterolysis, cryptorchidectomy, and appendectomy. He recovered gradually from the operations and early postoperative inflammatory ileus. There has been no recurrence of intestinal obstruction since the operation, and he is still in follow-up. We analyzed his clinical data and retrospectively reviewed the literature, and our findings may be helpful for the clinical diagnosis and treatment on ACS.     

Asymptomatic hyperuricemia: the case for conservative management

The management of asymptomatic hyperuricemia is controversial. Reported benefits from treatment prevention of acute gouty arthritis, chronic tophaceous gout, urolithiasis, or gouty nephropathy. A review of experimental and clinical data suggests that the risks of asymptomatic hyperuricemia are small or unknown and the efficacy of long-term treatment in preventing gout or renal disease is unproved. The costs and risks of prolonged drug administration and practical considerations such as patient compliance mitigate against long-term therapy in asymptomatic persons. We offer some recommendations for an expectant approach to the management of asymptomatic hyperuricemia.     

A case of fulminant amoebic colitis with an abscess in the abdominal cavity rescued by conservative management

A 75-year-old man was admitted because of watery diarrhea, hematochezia and right lower abdominal pain. Many deep undermining colonic ulcers were found by colonoscopy, and we detected trophozoite amoeba pathologically. Metronidazole was administered orally from 3 days after admission. However, since CT demonstrated a huge abscess in the abdominal cavity, we performed percutaneous drainage from 17 days after admission. On day 157, the patient was discharged, because the colonic ulcers had almost healed, and trophozoite amoebas were not recognized pathologically.     

Tumoral form of abdominal actinomycosis: a retrospective case series of seven patients

Purpose

Abdominal actinomycosis is an uncommon chronic infectious disease due to Actinomyces, a Gram-positive bacteria. This saprophytic bacteria of digestive tract and genital mucosa can occasionally become pathogenic mimicking a digestive neoplasia. The aim of this study was to underline diagnostic features of abdominal actinomycosis and to summarize data about clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic approach of this type of infection.

Patients

From January 1995 to December 2007, retrospective data concerning patients with abdominal actinomycosis who were followed-up in the University Hospital Sahloul (Sousse, Tunisia) were analysed.

Results

Seven patients with abdominal actinomycosis were identified during the study period. All presented with an abdominal mass. The diagnosis of actinomycosis was obtained after surgical resection in all cases. The histological study permitted the diagnosis in six cases, and the surgical samples grew up Actinomyces in two patients. For the five patients who received prolonged and adapted antibiotic therapy, a favourable outcome was observed.

Conclusion

Actinomycosis must be included in the differential diagnosis of invasive abdominal lesions with “malignant appearance”.     

Idiopathic portal thrombosis, improved by conservative management: a case report]

A 40-year-old man complaining of epigastralgia for one week was admitted. Subacute chronic idiopathic portal thrombosis was diagnosed and he improved by anti-coagulation and fibrinolytic therapy. No predisposing factor was identified. As there are many idiopathic portal thrombosis cases in Japan, and there is a possibility that some inherent thrombus predisposing factors are hidden, further study of this condition is necessary.     

The successful surgical management of a rare case of infratentorial tubercular abscess in an immunocompetent pediatric patient

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease commonly diagnosed in developing countries. Even though it is a disease primarily affecting the lungs, it can occur in most of the organs of the body. When it affects the central nervous system (CNS), it can result in various neurological sequelae and even death due to increased intracranial pressure. While supratentorial tubercular lesions are relatively common, the disease affecting the infratentorial compartment is very rare, that too in an immunocompetent pediatric patient. Here we report the case of a 5-year-old boy who presented with features of raised intracranial pressure and was diagnosed to have a cerebellar lesion causing hydrocephalus. An emergency surgical decompression was performed and the histopathological examination revealed that the lesion was suggestive of tubercular abscess. The postoperative scan revealed adequate decompression of the lesion with no adverse events and resolution of hydrocephalus. The child recovered without any neurological deficits and anti-tuberculous treatment was continued for one year, but was subsequently lost to follow-up. The successful surgical treatment of a tubercular abscess at a rare location is described.     

Idiopathic sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis （or abdominal cocoon）： A report of 5 cases

Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis （SEP） is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction that is characterized by a thick grayish-white fibrotic membrane encasing the small bowel. SEP can be classified as idiopathic, also known as abdominal cocoon, or secondary. It is difficult to make a definite pre-operative diagnosis. We experienced five cases of abdominal cocoon, and the case files were reviewed retrospectively for the clinical presentation, operative findings and outcome. All the patients presented with acute, subacute and chronic intestinal obstruction. Computed tomography （CT） showed characteristic findings of small bowel loops congregated to the center of the abdomen encased by a soft-tissue density mantle in four cases. Four cases had an uneventful post-operative period, one case received second adhesiolysis due to persistent ileus. The imaging techniques may facilitate pre-operative diagnosis. Surgery is important in the management of SEP.     

Unusual presentations of abdominal tuberculosis: A case series of clinical mysteries

Abdominal tuberculosis is one of the common extra pulmonary tuberculosis with diverse clinical manifestations. It has high disease burden in endemic countries like India leading to significant morbidity and mortality when left untreated. It is of vital importance to treat to prevent significant disease related mortality. We report 4 patients of abdominal tuberculosis who presented with atypical presentations. The aim of our case series is to know the uncommon presentations of a common disease.     

Nintinol self-expandable metallic stenting in management of malignant obstructive jaundice: a case series

Background and Aims

Palliation therapy is the only available therapeutic method for most patients with tumor-induced obstructive jaundice. Metallic stents are now performed percutaneously as an alternative route to the endoscopic approach. It is widely accepted because of its safety, good patency rate, and minimal invasiveness. This study was designed to evaluate the long-term results of metallic self-expandable stent insertion in patients with malignant stenosis of the biliary tree.

Methods

It is a longitudinal study of patients with percutaneously biliary stenting from September 2005 to March 2009. The patients had unresectable malignant biliary obstruction with unsuccessful endoscopic stenting and access. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram performed after adequate local anesthesia, under sonographic or fluoroscopic guidance. Stenting or balloon dilation was performed through the hydrophilic guide wire. Among 50 patients, 45 stents were placed in biliary tree stenosis sites. Patients’ follow-up was during the first, second, third, and then the sixth month after insertion of biliary stents. Stent patency was considered successful in our patients, when there were no lab results or sonographic appearance of biliary tree obstruction.

Results

10(20%) patients’ stent placement treatment failed because of unsuccessful technical procedure. The stenosis of biliary tract was complete and passage of guide wire was not possible through the tumor growth. 6 (15 %) patients with successful stent placements died within one month (mean, 22 days). Total serum bilirubin resolved to below 1.5 mg/dl within 30 days for 36 (90%) patients with successful stent placements. Early complications not leading to death occurred in 28% of cases. The mean survival time for all patients who underwent stent placement was 140 days (16-420days). The mean patency rate for all stents was 147 days.

Conclusions

Percutaneous biliary stenting is a safe procedure with few technical complications and a high success rate of palliation for patients with malignant biliary jaundice. Early complications are mostly managed conservatively and death is mainly due to systemic effects of the malignant disease.     

Benign esophagorespiratory fistula: a case series and a novel technique of definitive management

Benign esophagorespiratory fistula is a relatively rare condition in adults that poses a technical challenge to manage. This case series describes our experience in the treatment of benign esophagorespiratory fistula in 12 adults. A retrospective review of case records of 12 patients with benign esophagorespiratory fistula was done. There were eight tracheoesophageal fistulae and four bronchoesophageal fistulae. Among them, four fistulae were congenital, one was secondary to corrosive injury, three were due to foreign body (dentures), one was secondary to erosion because of prolonged endotracheal intubation, one was secondary to penetrating trauma, and two were infective in etiology. Of the 12 patients, there were nine males and three females. The mean age of presentation was 30.16 years (range 15–53 years). Nine patients had a definitive surgical intervention. The esophageal end of the fistula was managed by primary closure of the esophageal defect and reinforcement with pleural or intercostal muscle flap or a subtotal esophagectomy. The respiratory end of the fistula was dealt with by primary closure of the defect or by a novel technique of neomembranous airway formation, whereby the tracheal defect was closed with the help of a vascularized patch of the esophageal wall. The technique of this neomembranous airway formation is described in detail, and to our knowledge, this is the first time that this technique is being reported in the English literature. This technique is a novel method for definitive repair and can be considered as an option for repair of esophagorespiratory fistula with large defects.     

中国腹茧症14年流行病学特征

目的: 探讨中国近14年腹茧症的流行病学特征和诊疗经验.方法: 联合检索中国生物医学文献数据库和中国知识资源总库等多家中文数据库1994-01/2007-06有关腹茧症的文章,总结分析腹茧症的流行病学特征和诊治经验.结果: 中国近14年共报道776例腹茧症,男女比例为1:1.37,平均年龄29.3岁,57%分布在华东地区,91.5%以不同表现形式的肠梗阻为主要症状,68.3%属于弥漫型腹茧症,40.5%患者无大网膜.手术以包膜切除为主.结论: 腹茧症主要分布在华东地区,术前诊断困难,切除包膜和松解粘连是治疗此病有效方法.     

Internal pancreatic fistulas: proposal of a management algorithm based on a case series analysis

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Internal pancreatic fistulas (IPF) are an uncommon but well-recognized complication of chronic pancreatitis (CP) that are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Because of their low incidence, management is still controversial. The aims of this study are to report the 8-year experience with IPF management in a Brazil University-affiliated hospital and to propose a management algorithm. STUDY: A centralized diagnostic index was used to retrospectively identify all patients with IPF admitted to a teaching hospital from 1995 to 2003. The patient's medical records were reviewed for clinical features, diagnostic work-up, treatment strategies, response to therapy, and the length of hospital stay. All patients underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, to guide the therapeutic modality to be offered. Conservative therapy included withholding of oral feedings in conjunction with total parenteral nutrition, octreotide subcutaneously, and multiple paracentesis or thoracentesis. Interventional therapy was either endoscopic or surgical. RESULTS: IPF was identified in 11 (7.3%) of 150 patients with CP. They ranged in age from 24 to 47 years (mean 36.1), with a male to female ratio of 10:1. All patients had underlying alcoholic CP. The presentation was pancreatic ascites in 9 patients and pleural effusion in 2 cases. Five patients were undergoing the conservative treatment, all presenting main pancreatic duct (MPD) dilatation; endoscopic placement of transpapillary pancreatic duct stent was performed in 4 patients who presented partial MPD stricture or disruption; surgical therapy was performed in 2 patients exhibiting complete MPD obstruction or disruption. Stents were removed 3 to 6 weeks after initial placement. IPF resolved in 10 of 11 patients (90.9%) within 6 weeks. The resolution of IPF was faster (13 +/- 5 vs. 25 +/- 13 days, P < 0.01) and the length of hospital stay was significantly shorter (17.2 +/- 5.6 vs. 31.2 +/- 4.4 days, P < 0.01) in patients subject to interventional treatment compared with those treated conservatively. There was 1 death due to sepsis in a patient managed conservatively; no death was recorded in the interventional therapy group. There was no recurrence of IPF at a mean follow-up of 38 months. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that interventional therapy should be considered the best approach for the management of IPF in patients presenting MPD disruption or obstruction. Conservative therapy must be reserved for those showing MPD dilatation without ductal disruption or stricture. Early interventional therapy reduced hospital stay and convalescence, which likely resulted in lower healthcare overall costs.