克罗恩病与肠结核临床及病理特征的对比研究

目的 探讨克罗恩病(CD)与肠结核(ITB)临床与病理特征,为两者鉴别诊断提供依据.方法 对1996-2007年四川大学华西医院临床、病理资料完整的33例CD和34例ITB的临床及病理资料进行同顾性分析.结果 CD出现症状到确诊的时间明显长于ITB(P<0.05),CD多因肠梗阻或诊断不明而手术,CD的便血、肠梗阻、肠外表现明显多于ITB(P值均<0.05),而盗汗、合并肺结核、低白蛋白血症和ESR升高、血清结核抗体阳性则更常见于ITB(P值均<0.05),CD患者仅累及空、回肠的情况明显多于ITB(P<0.05);CD患者内镜下纵形溃疡及鹅卵石样外观明显多于ITB(P值均<0.05),而ITB组环形溃疡更多见(P<0.05);ITB组的肉芽肿检出率(70.6%)明显高于CD组(29.4%)(P<0.05),且肉芽肿的位置有助于两者的鉴别;CD的手术标本的固有层底部/黏膜下层淋巴细胞聚集现象明显多于内镜活检标本(P<0.05).结论 尽管CD与ITB临床表现极其相似,但各自仍有一定的特征性,诊断需结合临床及病理资料进行综合分析.肉芽肿出现的几率、位置及炎症细胞分布范围与深度可作为两者病理鉴别要点.     

Isolation of M. tuberculosis in abdominal specimens

The isolation of mycobacteria in abdominal specimens during a 10 years period is presented. Twenty-three clinical cases have been reviewed; patients were divided in three groups: 1) Peritoneal and intestinal tuberculosis. 2) Pulmonary tuberculosis with isolation of M. tuberculosis in feces, and 3) Miliary tuberculosis. We emphasize the low yielding of bacilloscopy, the low number of colonies in cultures and the importance of the microbiological study of abdominal specimens in the confirmatory diagnosis. The predominant symptoms of peritoneal tuberculosis were abdominal pain and distention and fever. The study of the ascitic fluid showed in most of the cases lymphocytic exudate and the pathological study of biopsies showed granulomas with caseous necrosis. Three patients had another associated abdominal disease. Isolation of M. tuberculosis in feces does not invariably mean the presence of intestinal tuberculosis. We confirm the frequent association of disseminated tuberculosis and HIV1 infection.     

Intestinal tuberculosis: a diagnostic challenge--case report and review of the literature

Even though tuberculosis is considered rare in developed countries, its rising incidence, especially in high-risk populations, places intestinal tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of patients with atypical abdominal symptoms or signs. We, herein, report the case of an immunocompetent woman, from a nonendemic area, who developed intestinal tuberculosis, emphasizing the diagnostic challenges caused due to nonspecific symptoms, inconclusive clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings, which could not rule in or rule out tuberculosis. Antituberculosis treatment was administered based on endoscopic findings and histological features of mucosal biopsies, which were indicative of intestinal tuberculosis, and the patient showed a marked clinical and laboratory improvement. We also review the evidence with regard to the diagnostic accuracy of the different available tests for intestinal tuberculosis.     

La tuberculose digestive dans la région de Marrakech. Aspects épidémiologiques, diagnostiques et thérapeutiques

Gastrointestinal tuberculosis is still a public problem of health in Morocco. The aim of our study is to analyze the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, diagnostic, therapeutic and developmental aspects of gastrointestinal tuberculosis in the hospital complex university Mohammed-VI of Marrakech. It is a retrospective study including all the cases of gastrointestinal tuberculosis admitted to the gastroenterology unit of HCU Mohammed-VI of Marrakech over 9 years. The diagnosis was based on histological tests. In the absence of histological tests, diagnosis was based on a range of arguments. 120 patients were included in the study. The average age was 38.3 years (12–90 years). 62.5% of the patients were female. Different forms of abdominal tuberculosis were reported (peritoneal, intestinal, peritoneo-intestinal, peritoneal lymph node, intestinal lymph node, deep isolated lymph node, liver and pancreatic forms). The diagnosis was confirmed by the histological study of biopsies performed during laparoscopy, laparotomy or panendoscopy. The diagnosis of gastrointestinal tuberculosis was definite in 42.3%, and presumptive in 57.7% of the cases. Antituberculosis treatment was initiated in all patients. The clinical picture of gastrointestinal tuberculosis was polymorphic, dominated by the peritoneal form. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the determination of adenosine deaminase activity (ADA) and interferon-γ are the other ways to make the diagnosis of gastrointestinal tuberculosis easier and less invasive. Treatment was based on antituberculosis drugs. The outcome was generally good under early and subtle treatment.     

结核杆菌T细胞斑点试验在克罗恩病与肠结核鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的 评价结核杆菌T细胞斑点试验(T-spot.TB)在克罗恩病(CD)与肠结核鉴别诊断中的价值.方法 采集2010年5月至2010年10月第四军医大学西京医院126例患者的外周静脉血标本,密度梯度离心法分离外周血单个核细胞,根据试剂盒说明书操作步骤进行T-spot.TB.结合临床表现、影像学、内镜、病理检查、其他实验室检查及对经验性抗结核治疗的反应作出CD及肠结核的临床诊断.分析T-spot.TB诊断CD和肠结核的敏感度与特异度.结果 确诊CD患者15例[11.9％(15/126)],肠结核患者14例[11.1％(14/126)],肠外结核患者40例[31.7％(40/126)].CD、肠结核、肠外结核、其他疾病患者T-spot.TB阳性率分别为1/15、12/14、70％(28/40)、0％(0/57),各组间差异有统计学意义(P=0.00).CD与肠结核者的T-spot.TB阳性率间差异有统计学意义(x2=70.58,P=0.00).T-spot.TB检测CD的敏感度和特异度分别为93.3％(14/15)和87.5％(14/16),检测肠结核时则分别为85.7％(12/14)和93.3％(14/15),CD的阴性预测值[87.5％(14/16)]高于肠结核的阴性预测值[12.5％(2/16)].结论 T-spot.TB检测有助于鉴别诊断CD与肠结核.     

Serodiagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis by the soluble antigen fluorescent antibody test (SAFA test)

The diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis can only be established by the tissue obtained during surgery or endoscopy. We investigated the role of the soluble antigen fluorescent antibody (SAFA) test with the possibility that it may prove to be a valuable technique for the serodiagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis. The sera of 38 patients and 60 control subjects were studied. Mycobacterial saline extract was used as an antigen in the test. Thirty-two (84%) of 38 patients with intestinal tuberculosis yielded positive values (fluorescence coefficient greater than 3). Among the control subjects a false positive result was observed in only one patient who had eosinophilic enteritis. Patients with intestinal tuberculosis had a significantly higher level of antibodies than patients with non-tuberculous intestinal disease and healthy subjects. These results suggest that this technique may be used for the diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis and in differentiating it from other non-tuberculous intestinal diseases.     

Colonic sarcoidosis, infliximab, and tuberculosis: a cautionary tale

The antitumor necrosis factor, infliximab, has been recently shown to be effective in refractory sarcoidosis including the intestinal form of this disease. We have tried this therapy in a 55-year-old woman under immunosuppressive therapy for longstanding sarcoidosis presenting with abdominal pain apparently caused by a colonic localization of the disease. The latter diagnosis was based, as recommended, on the presence of nonnecrotizing granulomas in mucosal biopsies, the presence of systemic disease, and the careful exclusion of other granulomatous diseases, including tuberculosis. After the first IV infusion (10 mg/kg BW), she quickly improved, but the wellbeing lasted approximately 4 weeks. She then received another dose of infliximab, but she soon developed low-grade fever and weakness and shortly succumbed of miliary tuberculosis. Likely, infliximab precipitated a pre-existing mycobacterial infection of the intestine. Given the likelihood of underdiagnosing intestinal tuberculosis--and the risks associated with infliximab treatment--this case suggests that this drug should be used with extreme caution, if at all, when a diagnosis of colonic sarcoidosis is suspected.     

双气囊小肠镜鉴别诊断克罗恩病与小肠结核的价值

目的: 探讨双气囊小肠镜在克罗恩病与小肠结核鉴别诊断中的价值.方法:对38例临床怀疑小肠克罗恩病、小肠结核的患者进行小肠镜检查. 内镜诊断与病理和临床随访相结合, 评价双气囊小肠镜在两种疾病鉴别诊断中的应用价值.结果: 在38例患者中, 经病理和临床随访确诊克罗恩病18例, 小肠结核20例. 经双气囊小肠镜检查诊断为小肠克罗恩病14例, 检出率36.8%(14/38), 符合率77.8%(14/18);小肠结核为18例检出率47.4%(18/38), 符合率90.0%(18/20).结论:双气囊小肠镜是小肠克罗恩病与小肠结核鉴别诊断较为理想的方法, 并能对病变范围和严重程度作出正确的判断.     

回盲部溃疡228例的回顾性分析

目的探讨内镜及病理检查对回盲部溃疡的鉴别诊断价值.方法 收集我院2006年至2010年肠镜检查中检出的228例回盲部溃疡病例,就其临床特征、内镜及病理检查、治疗及随访情况进行总结分析,并比较克罗恩病及肠结核内镜下的形态特征.结果 (1)溃疡性结肠炎及回盲部肿瘤结合内镜及活检组织病理检查通常可明确诊断,回盲部的非特异性溃疡局部溃疡整齐或局限,多数经抗生素及培菲康等对症治疗后症状缓解,克罗恩病及肠结核只有少数通过内镜及病理活检确诊,多数经试验性治疗后随访明确诊断.(2)克罗恩病的溃疡多呈纵形或不规则形伴黏膜卵石征和肠腔狭窄,而肠结核溃疡多呈环形或环周分布伴息肉样变.结论 回盲部溃疡病变诊断主要依靠反复的病理检查及试验性治疗,尤其是肠结核和克罗恩病的诊断,因此寻找一种特异性血清或免疫组化的指标鉴别诊断回盲部溃疡是非常必要的.     

Small Intestinal Morphology in Aboriginal Children

Summary: Small intestinal morphology of 44 small intestinal mucosal biopsies taken from Australian aboriginal children were examined histologically, and also freshly with the dissecting microscope. The findings were compared with similar observations made in 91 biopsies from control Australian children of European descent. The morphological appearances using each method of examination were placed into grades or groups and the two methods compared.
An increased prevalence of abnormal mucosae was found in the biopsies from aboriginal children as compared to biopsies from the controls, yet only one had the typical appearances found in coeliac disease. Six aboriginal children, however, appeared to respond to a gluten-free diet. In three this intolerance to gluten appeared to be transient, but in the remainder appeared to be more permanent. Further observation is necessary to establish the diagnosis of coeliac disease in these children.
Histological assessment and examination with the dissecting microscope complement each other, however, a particular histological grade did not correspond always to a particular dissecting microscope group, but rather to a range.     

65例肠结核临床分析

目的探讨肠结核的诊断及治疗,以减少肠结核的误诊、误治。方法回顾分析近10年来65例肠结核患者的肠镜及临床资料。结果肠结核以腹痛、大便形状改变为主要临床表现,可伴有乏力、低热、消瘦、血便,易误诊为肠肿瘤、克罗恩病等。结论结肠镜检查结合病变组织活检加结核分枝杆菌特殊染色是诊断肠结核最有效的方法,结合胸片、结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物试验可提高诊断率。大多数患者药物治疗可治愈,少数患者因严重并发症行手术治疗。     

Anorectal tuberculosis. Case report

OBJECTIVE: To report for the first time in Mexico a case of anorectal tuberculosis as well as the revision of world-wide literature. BACKGROUND: In recent years the tuberculosis has had a significant increase, caused mainly by the epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The anorectal tuberculosis is a very rare presentation, their diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion since it can be confused with an infectious disease. CASE REPORT: Female of 50 years old, with atipic annal ulcers, treated at the being like perianal Crohn disease, the treatment with mesalazina and prednisona do not improve the disease. Thorax x-ray was made. The biopsies reported tuberculosis, initiating treatment with triple antifimic scheme, with good results at one month of medical treatment. COMENT: The biopsy is the main diagnostic method specific, the medical triple or quadruple treatment is the main management and surgical treatment is reserved for anal abscess and fistula.     

Intestinal tuberculosis: return of an old disease

Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) can no longer be considered a rare disease in the United States due, in part, to the AIDS epidemic. Because the signs and symptoms of intestinal TB are nonspecific, a high index of suspicion must be maintained to ensure a timely diagnosis. The aim of this article is to review the history, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of TB.
Methods: This review is based on an examination of the world literature.
Results: In only 20% of TB patients is there associated active pulmonary TB. Areas most commonly affected are the jejunoileum and ileocecum, which comprise >75% of gastrointestinal TB sites. Diagnosis requires colonoscopy with multiple biopsies at the ulcer margins and tissue sent for routine histology, smear, and culture. If intestinal TB is suspected, empiric treatment is warranted despite negative histology, smear, and culture results. Treatment is medical, and all patients should receive a full course of antituberculous chemotherapy. Exploratory laparotomy is necessary if the diagnosis is in doubt, in cases in which there is concern about a neoplasm, or for complications that include perforation, obstruction, hemorrhage, or fistulization.
Conclusions: This review draws attention to the resurgence of tuberculosis in the United States. An increased awareness of intestinal tuberculosis, coupled with knowledge of the pathophysiology, diagnostic methods, and treatment should increase the number of cases diagnosed, thus improving the outcome for patients with this disease.     

DIAGNOSIS OF INTESTINAL TUBERCULOSIS BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION ON ENDOSCOPIC BIOPSY SPECIMENS

It is often difficult to establish the diagnosis of intestinal tuherculosis hecause of close similarities with other conditions, in particular. Crohn's disease. In the present study, we used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay on endoscopic biopsy specimens obtained from a patient with chronic diarrhea. Positive hybridization was obtained with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis prohe and the patient was treated with anti-tuberculous drugs with complete resolution of the endoscopic ahnormalities. This study demonstrates that polymerase chain reaction assay can he used on endoscopic hiopsy specimens to diagnose intestinal tuberculosis.     

Peritoneal tuberculosis in the Fes University Hospital (Morocco). Report of 123 cases

AIMS: Peritoneal tuberculosis is an important public health issue in Morocco. Our aim was to describe the clinical, biological, and therapeutic features of peritoneal tuberculosis treated in a University Hospital in Morocco. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively included 123 patients with peritoneal tuberculosis diagnosed at the gastroenterology unit of the Fes University Hospital between January 2001 and August 2003. RESULTS: The mean age was 28 years with a clear female predominance (sex ratio 2.61). Ascites associated with fever were the most frequent signs found in 80.5% of patients. The ascitic fluid was exsudative in 90% of cases and lymphocytic in 88%. The diagnosis was based on laparoscopy or laparotomy with peritoneal biopsy demonstrating caseating granulomatous lesions in 92.4% of patients. Patients were given antituberculous therapy for 6 months, and the outcome was favourable in 90%. CONCLUSION: Peritoneal tuberculosis is very frequent in Morocco, where the diagnosis is based exclusively on peritoneal biopsies obtained during laparoscopy. With an adapted treatment, the course of the disease is favourable in most cases.     

Therapierefraktäre schwere Ileokolitis

The differential diagnosis of granulomatous intestinal diseases leads to recurrent false diagnoses. Our patient who was presenting with gastrointestinal complaints was first diagnosed as having Crohn's disease. Put on an immunosuppressive treatment, the symptoms deteriorated. Examination of sputum revealed acid-fast bacilli, later confirmed as M. tuberculosis in culture, and colonoscopy showed necrotizing granulomas, which lead us to the final diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis. Our patient improved under an adequate tuberculostatic regime.     

Lymph node biopsies in HIV-infected and non-infected children with persistent lung disease.

OBJECTIVE: The diagnosis of opportunistic infections in children with persistent lung disease (PLD) who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is difficult to establish, especially in resource-poor countries. Lymphadenopathy is a frequent associated clinical finding among these children. We evaluated the usefulness of excision lymph node biopsies in determining an aetiological diagnosis in HIV-infected and non-infected children with PLD. METHOD: Forty-five children with PLD and significant lymphadenopathy were subjected to lymph node biopsy. Of these, 27 were HIV-infected. All subjects had excision biopsies; 39 (86.7%) of these cases also underwent fine needle aspiration cytodiagnosis (FNAC) and trucut needle biopsies. RESULTS: Tuberculosis was identified as the final diagnosis in 11 (40.7%) and 12 (66.7%) HIV-infected and noninfected children, respectively. Ancillary investigations (Mantoux, gastric washings) suggested a diagnosis of tuberculosis in eight (72.7%) and eight (66.7%) of the final diagnoses of tuberculosis among HIV-infected and non-infected children, respectively. Lymph node biopsies identified a further three (27.3%) and four (33.3%) more cases of tuberculosis as compared to ancillary investigations among HIV-infected and non-infected groups, respectively. Results of FNAC and trucut biopsy showed good correlation with excision biopsy: 96.4% and 97.4%, respectively. However, adequate samples were obtained in only 23 of 39 FNAC and 33 of 39 trucut biopsies. CONCLUSION: Excision lymph node biopsies form a useful adjunct investigation in children with PLD and generalised lymphadenopathy. The most common disease identified among HIV-infected and non-infected children in Durban, South Africa, is tuberculosis. FNAC and trucut biopsies may also be useful in the evaluation of lymphadenopathy when appropriate specimens are obtained.     

94例肠结核诊断和治疗的临床分析

目的 分析94例肠结核患者的临床表现和诊治经过.方法 分析94例肠结核患者的临床资料.结果 肠结核症状以腹痛、发热、大便性状改变、腹部包块为主.20例并发腹水患者行腹水腺苷酸脱氨酶(adenylate deaminase,ADA)检测均＞ 30 u/L,明显升高.67例行肠镜检查患者中,29例组织活检发现干酪样坏死结节,9例发现抗酸杆菌,7例手术患者均病理诊断为肠结核,31例患者行诊断性抗结核治疗6周后,临床症状明显改善.结论 肠结核没有特异性的临床症状,ADA检测对诊断肠结核并腹膜炎具有重要诊断意义,若诊断困难,必要时可行诊断性治疗.     

Intestinal tuberculosis mimicking Crohn's disease: lessons relearned in a new era

Over 400 000 cases of tuberculosis existed in Europe in 2002, 1% of which were intestinal tuberculosis. With population migrations on the increase, physicians may have to face an increase in intestinal tuberculosis. One of the attributes of intestinal tuberculosis is its ability to present in nonspecific ways and to mimic other disorders, in particular inflammatory bowel disease. We present a case series of intestinal tuberculosis presenting as inflammatory bowel disease and referred for management to a specialized clinic in inflammatory bowel disease, followed by a discussion of the difficulties encountered with this condition. We highlight the consequences that misdiagnosis can have, in an era where population demographics are changing in Europe and where immunomodulators and biological agents have the potential to do more harm than good.     

The current status and problems of the intestinal tuberculosis through a review of the Annual of the Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan

From 1997 to 1999 the incidence rate of tuberculosis increased and extrapulmonary tuberculosis has also increased during the same period. Among various types of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, intestinal tuberculosis is one of the diseases difficult to diagnose. Recently doctors could not make appropriate diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis because they did not pay much attention to tuberculosis. With a background described above, we reviewed the Annual of the Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan in previous five years 1994-1998, in order to investigate a current status of intestinal tuberculosis. Out of 140,358 autopsied cases, the number of cases with active and old tuberculosis was 5,103 (3.6%), in which the intestinal tuberculosis was accompanied in 80 (0.057%). The 80 cases were consisting of 45 males and 35 females and their mean age was 72.7 years old ranging from 28 to 96. Of the 80 intestinal tuberculosis cases, 71 were seen in pulmonary tuberculosis cases and six cases were considered to be intestinal tuberculosis alone. In terms of the location of intestinal tuberculosis the most commonly affected site was ileocecum which occupied 72.7% of all intestinal tuberculosis. Among the 80 cases, 14 cases were complicated with malignant tumor and only 30 cases (37.5%) were diagnosed clinically as intestinal tuberculosis before their death. Clinical diagnosis of other cases were ileus, simple constipation, severe diarrhea, malignant tumor or its tumor. The delay in diagnosing intestinal tuberculosis may result in fatal outcome in the aged persons, so that in general practice much attention should be paid not only to pulmonary but also extrapulmonary tuberculosis including intestinal tuberculosis.