前列腺癌的诊断方法及其评价(附39例分析)

为筛选、评价前列腺癌的诊断方法，提高其诊断水平。对１９８７年～１９９７年收治的前列腺癌３９例根据症状、ＤＲＥ、ＴＲＵＳ、ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ、活检及瘤标检查，分析其诊断价值。结果：症状为排尿困难３４例（８７．２％），尿潴留１９例（４８．７％），血尿６例（１５．３％），会阴及腰骶部疼痛５例（１２．８％），尿失禁３例（７．６％）；本组全部行ＤＲＥ，阳性３２例（８２．０％）；ＴＲＵＳ３４例，阳性３１例（９１．２％）；病理活检２６例，其中经会阴穿刺１８例，阳性１６例（８８．０％），经直肠穿刺８例均阳性（１００％）；ＰＳＡ检测２５例，２２例（８８．２％）高于正常值；ＣＴ２６例，２０例（７６．９％）符合诊断；ＭＲＩ１９例，１６例（８４．２％）符合诊断。认为：ＤＲＥ及ＴＲＵＳ、ＰＳＡ检测及活检可作为筛选、诊断前列腺癌的主要方法；影像学检查对前列腺癌的分期、治疗以及预后评价有重要指导意义     

纺织女工月经异常情况调查

目的：了解纺织女工月经情况，为该人群的健康、保健提供依据。方法：对某纺织厂108名纺织女工月经情况进行回顾性调查。结果：月经异常检出率为46．36％，其中，月经周期延长18例（16．67％），周期缩短7例（6．48％）；经期延长4例（3．77％），经期缩短2例（1．85％）；经量增多13例（12．04％），经量减少6例（5．56％）；痛经20例（18．52％）。结论：噪声、站立作业与纺织女工月经改变有密切的关系。     

79例慢性咳嗽病因分析及诊治

目的分析79例慢性咳嗽的病因及治疗。方法根据中华医学会呼吸分会制定的《咳嗽的诊断与治疗指南》中慢性咳嗽的定义及诊断流程，对79例慢性咳嗽患者询问病史，查体，行胸部X线及CT、肺功能、支气管舒张试验、胃镜检查、副鼻窦拍片、痰细胞学分类及心脏彩超等检查。结果79例中咳嗽变异性哮喘51例（占64．56％）；鼻后滴漏综合征10例（占12．70％）；胃食管反流病11例（占13．92％）；慢性心功能不全6例（占7．60％）；药物性咳嗽6例（占6．30％）；感染性咳嗽2例（占2．50％）；贲门失弛缓症3例（占3．79％）；嗜酸细胞性支气管炎2例（占2．50％）；病因未明的2例（占0．01％）。单一病因66例（占83．54％），两种以上病因13例（占16．46％）。经针对性治疗，75例（占94．90％）患者咳嗽完全缓解，4例（占5．10％）症状有所改善。结论慢性咳嗽主要病因是咳嗽变异性哮喘，其次是鼻后滴漏综合征和胃食管反流病，同时不能忽视慢性心功能不全和ACEI类药物，病因明确后，经针对性治疗，大多数患者症状缓解，充分说明了慢性咳嗽病因诊断的重要性。     

YAG与CO2激光治疗宫颈糜烂及宫颈上皮不典型增生

本文报道激光治疗宫颈糜烂１３４７例，其中经ＹＡＧ激光治疗的重度糜烂５３例（含宫颈上皮不典型增生３２例）痊愈１００％．经ＣＯ＿２激光治疗２６２例轻度宫颈糜烂痊愈１００％；中度糜烂７５８例，痊愈６９３例（９１．４２％），好转６５例（８．５８％）；重度糜烂２７４例，痊愈１８２例（６６．４２％），好转９２例（３３．５８％）．本文还对宫颈糜烂及宫颈上皮不典型增生的各种治疗方法及激光治疗的基础原理进行讨论．     

甲状腺结节283例放射性核素扫描的临床分析

本文分析了283例甲状腺结节扫描结果，并与病理诊断对照。其中热结节18例（占6．36％）；温结节35例（12．37％）；冷结节230例（81．27％）。经病理证实：良性肿瘤250例（占88．34％）；恶性肿瘤16例（5．65％）；其它甲状腺疾病17例（6．01％）。恶性肿瘤病例全部发生在扫描结果为冷结节的病例中。     

不同静脉径路安置埋藏式心脏起搏器246例评估

自１９７７年起对２４６例患者经不同静脉径路安置埋藏式心脏起搏器。其中经头静脉径路１２２例，成功１００例（８２％），发生脱位９例（７．４％），局部感染３例（２．５％）；经颈外静脉途径１２例，成功１１例（９１．７％），导线外露局部皮肤感染２例（１６．７％）；经锁骨下静脉途径１１２例，成功１０９例（９７．３％），发生局部感染、气胸及脱位各１例（２．７％）。３者进行比较，认为锁骨下静脉应作为安置永久心脏起搏器的首选静脉（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

肾癌的疗效与预后的关系

目的探讨肾癌疗效与预后的关系。方法对100例肾癌患者根据病情选择相应的手术治疗并进行病理分型。结果100例肾癌患者，单纯肾切除10例，部分肾切除5例，肾癌根治术85例；肿瘤直径3-10cm者78例（78．0％），3cm以下者11例（11．0％），10cm以上者11例（11．0％）；Ⅰ期肾癌23例（23．0％），Ⅱ期40例（40．0％），Ⅲ期30例（30．0％），Ⅳ期7例（7．0％）；100例患者经病理检查，其中透明细胞癌71．0％（71／100），颗粒细胞癌18．0％（18／100），混合性腺癌5．0％（5／100），乳头状腺癌3．0％（3／100），集合管癌2．0％（2／100），肉瘤样肾癌1．0％（1／100）；透明细胞癌、颗粒细胞癌和混合性腺癌患者的3年和5年生存率分别为：78．5％、76．2％、77．9％和73．4％、72．7％、72．2％，三者差别无显著性意义；100例B超检查，正确率达93．3％；60例CT检查，诊断正确率100．0％；12例肾动脉造影，诊断正确率100．0％。结论85例肾癌行根治术治疗取得较好的疗效，肾癌预后与肿瘤分期、分级、病理类型和治疗措施有关。     

听神经瘤显微手术面神经损伤的预防

对经MRI和（或）CT检查确诊的大型听神经瘤（≥4．0cm）180例（7Z％）及中型听神经瘤（2．4～4．0cm）70例（28％），均采用经患侧枕下乙状窦后人路保留面神经的显微手术。术中注意三大解剖关系：骨性解剖、蛛网膜解剖、神经与血管的解剖。肿瘤囊内减压后，确认面神经的起始位置、面神经与肿瘤的关系、面神经变形与扭曲、面神经分离的方法、面神经的断裂端一端吻合。随访6个月～1年。结果显示：肿瘤全切除240例（96．0％）；次全切除10例（4．0％），其中死亡1例（0．4％）。面神经功能评定：Ⅰ级214例（85．6％）；Ⅱ级25例（10．0％）；Ⅲ级5例（2．1％）；Ⅳ级5例（2．1％）。结果提示：     

出血性输卵管炎104例分析

资料与方法 我院及榕江县医院两家医院1982年1月～2002年12月20年间收治的出血性输卵管炎共104例（占同期妇科急症病例的7．41％），年龄17～45岁，平均31．4岁，未婚、有人流史11例，GiPO46例，其余47例均为经产妇。病史中有人工流产史者30例（占28．84％），宫内置环20例（占19．23％）；输卵管结扎术后16例（占15．38％）；清宫术史14例（占13．46％）；诊刮术史6例（占5．76％），附件炎史37例（占35．57％），26例有支原体感染史（占25％）。     

十二指肠球部溃疡265例临床观察

资料与方法 2002～2005年265例十二指肠球部溃疡患者均经Olympus GIFXQ20纤维胃镜确诊，其中男201例，女64例，年龄12～85岁，病程5天～10年。临床表现为季节性、节律性、饥饿性疼痛和反酸者147例（55．5％）；无规律性疼痛、腹胀、嗳气者77例；有黑便者29例（10．9％），其中伴呕血者77例；不同程度贫血者26例（9．8％）；呕吐宿食者3例（1．1％）；无症状者39例（14．7％）。[第一段]     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.