动力髋联合空心钉与动力髋联合内侧板治疗PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折的有限元分析比较

目的探究动力髋螺钉(DHS)的两种手术方式(DHS联合空心钉和DHS联合股骨颈内侧板)治疗PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折的生物力学优缺点。方法建立采用3种内固定方法治疗PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折的有限元模型。分别为单独使用DHS内固定、DHS联合空心钉固定、DHS联合股骨颈内侧板固定,并建立正常股骨模型用于与前3个模型对比分析。在相同边界及载荷条件下比较以下结果:4个模型的股骨颈内侧(股骨头下缘至股骨距到小转子的位置)的等效应力分布;3个内固定模型的内固定物的最大等效应力值;4个模型股骨头断端最大位移。结果股骨颈内侧等效应力分布最接近正常股骨的模型是DHS联合股骨颈内侧板,单纯DHS固定的模型和DHS联合空心钉固定的模型在股骨颈内侧的等效应力集中值大于正常股骨模型,分别为53.57 MPa和26.72 MPa。股骨头骨折断端总位移:单纯DHS固定模型的位移是4.01 mm,DHS联合空心钉固定模型的位移是1.73 mm,DHS联合股骨颈内侧板固定模型的位移是1.68 mm。DHS内固定物最大等效应力由大到小分别是:单独DHS固定为101.07 MPa,DHS联合空心钉固定为38.19 MPa,DHS联合股骨颈内侧板固定为22.69 MPa。结论DHS联合空心钉与DHS联合内侧板手术方式都优于单独DHS固定的手术方式。DHS联合空心钉固定能在股骨头位移相对较小的情况下维持较高的股骨颈应力,适合于股骨颈内侧相对完整及未出现粉碎骨折的患者;DHS联合内侧板可以更好地重建股骨力线,更适合于股骨颈内侧皮质处有粉碎骨折的患者。     

不同固定方式对股骨颈骨折固定效果的影响

目的研究5种不同空间构型空心螺钉对股骨颈骨折固定效果的影响。方法将股骨CT图像通过逆向重建获得PauwelsⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折几何模型。基于有限元分析软件ANSYS,获取不同内固定方式下内固定物与股骨颈头侧、干侧的应力分布,以及模型的位移分布。结果对于PauwelsⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折,倒三角置钉、两根平行钉、两根平行钉固定方式下股骨颈头侧应力峰值分别最大;倒三角置钉、倒三角置钉、两根平行钉固定方式下股骨颈干侧应力峰值分别最大,交叉置钉固定方式下内固定物应力峰值最小,强斜置钉固定方式下位移峰值最小。结论交叉置钉的固定方式螺钉变形断裂几率最小,倒三角置钉固定方式可为骨折处提供良好的力学环境。对于PauwelsⅠ、Ⅲ型骨折,强斜置钉固定方式预防股骨颈短缩的能力最强;而对于PauwelsⅡ型骨折而言,交叉置钉固定方式预防股骨颈短缩的能力最强。     

三种内固定装置应用于Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折的有限元分析

背景：目前临床上对于PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折的内固定选用仍存在争议，选择提供稳定固定强度的内固定是实现PauwelsⅢ型骨折固定的关键基础。目的：利用三维有限元分析法测试3种类型内固定应用于PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折的生物力学强度差异，为其临床治疗提供借鉴。方法：使用一名健康男性志愿者的左股骨CT数据，在Mimics软件中重建出一个完整的股骨及其骨松质，运用Geomagic studio软件进行逆向建模，并在UG-NX软件中创建出倒三角空心螺钉、动力髋螺钉、股骨颈动力交叉钉系统；将3种内固定模型分别装配至股骨模型上；通过Hypermesh软件模拟PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折；最后应用Abaqus软件进行有限元实验分析，分析比较不同内固定系统固定股骨颈骨折所产生的应力分布、应力峰值、应变情况及位移分布。结果与结论：(1)股骨近端骨块的应力主要分布在骨折端附近股骨颈下方区域，动力髋螺钉组的应力峰值最大，股骨颈动力交叉钉系统组最小；(2)内固定装置的应力分布主要集中在骨折线附近的螺钉表面，股骨颈动力交叉钉系统组的应力峰值最大，动力髋螺钉组最小；(3)股骨近端骨块的主要应变场分布于骨与螺...     

新型跟骨外固定支架治疗Sanders ⅢAB型跟骨骨折的有限元分析

目的 应用有限元分析方法,比较一种新型外固定支架与钢板在治疗Sanders ⅢAB型跟骨骨折的应力分布及生物力学的稳定性。方法 获取一位正常成人踝及跟骨CT图像,应用软件构建跟骨Sanders ⅢAB型骨折模型及其外固定模型、钢板模型,经材料赋值及力学加载,记录各模型的骨折块位移情况,并分析其应力分布情况。结果 模型载荷加载后,钢板模型中,钢板及螺钉位移峰值为0.13 mm,跟骨骨块位移峰值为0.26 mm;钢板及螺钉应力峰值为281.10 MPa,跟骨骨块应力峰值为297.40 MPa。外固定模型中,外支架位移峰值为0.17 mm,跟骨骨块位移峰值为0.27 mm;外固定及克氏针应力峰值为125.40 MPa,跟骨骨块应力峰值为38.13 MPa。结论 该新型外固定支架在治疗Sanders ⅢAB型骨折时,固定牢靠、有效,能提供足够的生物力学稳定性,为跟骨骨折的治疗提供了新思路。     

不同空心螺钉内固定方式治疗LetenneurⅠ型Hoffa骨折的有限元分析

目的 运用有限元法比较两种不同空心螺钉内固定方式治疗LetenneurⅠ型Hoffa骨折的生物力学差异。方法 基于1名钟祥市人民医院创伤骨科住院患者的股骨CT资料,经过Mimics 19.0和Geomagic studio 2017软件处理后得到仿真右侧股骨三维模型,导入Solidworks 2017软件中与空心钉模型按照标准手术技术装配,通过切割命令模拟LetenneurⅠ型Hoffa骨折,将置钉方向为从前往后定义为A模型,从后往前定义为B模型,A、B模型的股骨、内固定在材料参数、施加载荷、接触摩擦、边界条件等均保持一致,提交运算后在查看股骨应力、内固定应力、骨折端位移和骨折端成角。结果 ①B模型应力（260.6 MPa）远小于A模型整体应力（522.4 MPa）,A模型整体出现较明显的应力集中,螺钉尾端均是A、B模型内固定的应力集中处;②A模型骨块位移（0.40 mm）大于B模型位移（0.32 mm）,A模型骨折端成角为3.9°,大于B模型的2.6°。结论 单纯空心拉力螺钉治疗LetenneurⅠ型Hoffa骨折,从后往前置钉会具有更好的生物力学效果,更有利于患者的术后康复。     

Meta分析股骨内侧支撑钢板结合空心螺钉治疗PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折的疗效

文题释义： PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折：PauwelsⅢ型骨折冠状面骨折线和髋臼上缘角度>50°,属于股骨颈垂直骨折,具有较大的剪切力,多见于中年人,发生于高能量创伤之后,术后易发生骨折不愈合、缺血坏死、内固定失效等。 股骨颈内侧支撑钢板：固定于股骨颈骨折线前下方,能够施加一个抗垂直股骨颈骨折剪切力的支撑力,从而能够降低股骨颈骨折不愈合及股骨头坏死等并发症的发生率。 背景：近几年有学者认为采用股骨颈内侧支撑钢板结合空心螺钉内固定治疗PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折,能够降低股骨颈骨折不愈合、股骨头坏死等并发症的发生率,但对于这种治疗方式在临床上能否加速骨折的愈合、减少股骨头坏死等尚存在争议。 目的：Meta分析评估股骨内侧支撑钢板结合空心螺钉和单纯空心螺钉内固定治疗PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折的疗效差异。 方法：利用 Cochrane图书馆、PubMed、万方医学网、中国知网、中国期刊全文数据库搜索并收集采用股骨内侧支撑钢板结合空心螺钉内固定和单纯空心螺钉内固定治疗PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折的临床对照试验,分别由2名评价者独立对纳入的研究进行质量评价、数据提取并进行互相核对,最后运用 RevMan 5.3软件对相关数据进行Meta分析。 结果与结论：①经过筛选最终纳入5篇相关临床试验,其中包括4篇随机对照试验和1篇回顾性队列研究,总共243例PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折患者;②Meta分析结果显示：与单纯空心螺钉内固定相比,股骨内侧支撑钢板结合空心螺钉内固定治疗的手术时间较长[MD=23.19,95%CI(8.32,38.06),P=0.002]、术中出血量较多[MD=83.48,95%CI(32.08,134.89),P=0.001]、愈合时间较短[MD=-1.56,95%CI(-1.89,-1.24),P < 0.000 01]、并发症发生率较低[RD=-0.07,95%CI(-0.11,-0.02),P=0.003]、髋关节Harris评分较高[MD=7.39,95%CI(3.18,11.60),P=0.000 6];两者髋关节功能优良率比较差异无显著性意义[OR=1.29,95%CI(0.02,74.86),P=0.90];③结果表明与单纯空心螺钉内固定相比,支撑钢板结合空心螺钉治疗PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折可缩短愈合时间、减少术后并发症、提高术后Harris评分。 ORCID: 0000-0002-3170-1278(陈翔) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

股骨颈内固定系统固定股骨颈基底部旋转截骨的有限元分析

目的 采用有限元分析法比较股骨颈内固定系统（FNS）和空心螺钉作为治疗股骨头坏死的旋转截骨术中内固定装置的生物力学特性。方法 采用虚拟有限元建立中日友好医院分型L2型股骨头坏死模型,模拟前旋90°和后旋180°的旋转截骨术,分别模拟植入FNS（FNS组）及空心螺钉（空心螺钉组）,分析股骨近端截骨块、内固定装置、坏死区的应力分布及位移和股骨的位移。结果 前旋90°和后旋180°模型中,FNS组股骨近端截骨块、坏死区的应力和股骨近端截骨块、内固定装置、坏死区、股骨的位移均小于空心螺钉组。FNS组股骨近端截骨块和坏死区的应力峰值比空心螺钉组减少明显,近端截骨块应力峰值减小47.45%和13.64%,坏死区应力峰值减少44.96%和35.52%。结论 与空心螺钉相比,无论截骨后向前旋90°还是向后旋180°,FNS提供了更好的生物力学稳定性。     

不同复位条件下股骨颈骨折最优固定方式的有限元分析

背景：股骨颈骨折的传统固定方式为3枚空心螺钉倒三角固定，对于未达到解剖复位的股骨颈骨折的最优固定方式尚无定论。目的：基于有限元分析法比较空心钉固定不同复位条件下头下型股骨颈骨折的生物力学性能。方法：选取一名健康成年男性股骨近端CT数据重建三维模型，进行头下型骨折造模，将骨折模型分为解剖复位组、髋内翻组、髋外翻组，各骨折模型组均分出3个亚组，用标准组、螺钉压低组、螺钉抬高组进行转配，于髋臼顶向股骨头施加垂直向下1 400 N的应力，观察不同固定方式下股骨及内固定物的位移和应力分布，对比股骨和固定物的应力和位移最大值。结果与结论：(1)解剖复位时，标准组、螺钉压低组、螺钉抬高组固定物应力峰值分别为41.35,31.27,43.32 MPa，螺钉抬高组的股骨应力峰值最大(28.58 MPa)，股骨的位移峰值标准组最大；(2)髋内翻时，3个亚组的应力均相对分散且均匀；标准组的股骨应力峰值最小，但位移峰值最大，固定的稳定性可能不佳；螺钉压低组股骨的位移峰值最小；(3)在髋外翻时，螺钉压低组出现明显的螺钉应力集中，且位移峰值为3个亚组中最大，出现in-out-in现象；螺钉抬高组螺钉的应力峰值为3...     

空心钉联合同种异体腓骨内固定治疗中青年股骨颈骨折生物力学分析

目的比较空心钉联合同种异体腓骨内固定(改良术式)和单纯行空心钉内固定(传统术式)在治疗中青年PauwelsⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折中的力学稳定性差异。方法建立传统及改良术式固定的PauwelsⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折模型,分析模型股骨头皮质骨壳负重区、股骨颈骨折端应力分布情况,以及股骨头皮质骨壳与股骨颈骨折面剪应力分布情况,并根据预测数据绘制股骨冠状位最大主应变云图,比较两组股骨颈骨折端位移。结果股骨头皮质骨壳在S12、S13方向剪应力分布均显示采用改良术式优于或相近于采用传统术式。此外,股骨颈骨折面S12、S23方向剪应力情况亦显示采用改良术式固定优于传统术式。PauwelsⅡ、Ⅲ型传统术式固定的股骨颈骨折端位移大于改良术式,其中PauwelsⅡ型传统术式固定的位移明显大于改良术式,而PauwelsⅠ型改良术式固定的位移显著大于传统术式。结论改良术式相对适用于PauwelsⅡ、Ⅲ型中青年股骨颈骨折,而传统术式则适用于PauwelsⅠ型中青年股骨颈骨折。     

胫骨远端骨折三种内固定方式的有限元分析

背景：目前对比3种内固定技术治疗胫骨远端骨折生物力学特性差异的研究较少。目的：比较胫骨远端骨折经胫骨内侧锁定钢板、专家级髓内钉和逆行髓内钉固定后生物力学特性的差异。方法：基于SAWBONES第4代人工复合胫骨模型的CT数据,利用三维重建技术构建胫骨远端骨折数字模型(AO/ASIF 43-A3型),在此基础上模拟胫骨内侧锁定钢板、专家级髓内钉和逆行髓内钉3种内固定方式;采用轴向压缩及扭转2种载荷工况分别对3组植入装配体模型进行有限元分析,比较三者的应力分布、应力峰值及骨折间隙位移变化的差异。结果与结论：(1)3组内固定物加载2种载荷工况时,专家级髓内钉组在扭转工况下应力峰值在未锁定的主钉孔处,为283.53 MPa;胫骨内侧锁定钢板组在扭转工况下应力峰值位于第3颗螺钉上,为913.07 MPa;逆行髓内钉组在扭转工况下应力峰值在第2个主钉孔处,为435.42 MPa;逆行髓内钉组内踝处主钉孔的周围皮质骨应力峰值出现在较高的轴向压缩工况下,峰值为55.34 MPa;(2)在骨折间隙位移方面,加载轴向压缩载荷时,专家级髓内钉组4个区域的切向位移最高;胫骨内侧锁定钢板组4个区域的轴向位移最高,...     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.