术前膝内外翻畸形程度对全膝关节置换术后疗效的影响研究

目的 探讨术前膝内外翻畸形程度对全膝关节置换术（TKA）后疗效的影响。方法 回顾性分析2016年3月至2020年6月因膝关节骨关节炎于武汉大学人民医院行初次全膝关节置换术的患者174例（178膝）。依据术前患肢髋膝踝角度分为A组（膝内翻≤10°）、B组（10°＜膝内翻≤20°）、C组（膝外翻≤10°）、D组（10°＜膝外翻≤20°）。其中,男27例,女147例;年龄65 ～ 88岁,平均（72.8±6.2）岁。记录术前及术后1周术侧HKA角,术前1周及术后末次随访时的HSS、ROM、AKS评分、VAS评分、AOFAS评分。对以上指标进行组间比较及相关性分析。结果 174例患者均获得随访,随访15 ～ 66个月,平均（42.0±16.0）个月。各组术后1周时HKA角均较术前明显改善（P＜0.05）;末次随访时各组患者的HSS评分、ROM评分、AKS功能和活动评分、AOFAS评分均较术前明显提高（P＜0.05）;VAS评分均较术前明显下降（P＜0.05）。不同程度内/外翻的术前各项指标、术后HKA及优良率、AOFAS评分比较,内/外翻程度越严重,结果越差（P＜0.05）;术后HSS评分、ROM、AKS功能及活动评分、VAS评分比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。膝内翻患者的术前HKA角与术前HSS评分、ROM、AKS活动及功能评分、VAS评分、AOFAS评分、术后AOFAS评分正相关（P＜0.05）,与术后HSS评分、ROM、AKS活动及功能评分、VAS评分无相关（P＞0.05）。膝外翻患者的术前HKA角与术前HSS评分、ROM、AKS活动及功能评分、AOFAS评分、术后AOFAS评分负相关（P＜0.05）,与术后HSS评分、ROM、AKS活动及功能评分、VAS评分、术前VAS评分无相关（P＞0.05）。结论 从中期随访来看,患者术前膝内、外翻畸形的严重程度对术后HKA对线优良率、术后踝关节功能、术前膝关节功能有显著影响,而对术后膝关节功能无显著影响。     

开放楔形胫骨高位截骨术后膝关节的关节线收敛角影像学分析

目的:研究开放楔形胫骨高位截骨术前仰卧位关节线收敛角（JLCA）与术后站立位JLCA的关系。方法:选取接受开放楔形胫骨高位截骨术治疗的84名膝关节内侧骨性关节炎患者,根据术前JLCA<4°（低JLCA组）和≥4°（高JLCA组）对患者进行分组。术前和术后1年分别测量膝关节活动度（ROM）、髋-膝-踝角（HKA）、负重线（WBL）比、美国膝关节协会（AKS）膝关节评分和功能评分、Lysholm膝关节评分,膝关节损伤骨性关节炎预后评分（KOOS）。结果:术前,高JLCA组的HKA、WBL比和潜在外侧松弛度明显小于低JLCA组（P<0.05）。高JLCA组的Kellgren和Lawrence评分高于低JLCA组（P<0.05）。两组之间在胫骨后倾斜度（TPS）、内侧近端胫骨角（MPTA）、总JLCA和关节线倾斜度（JLO）方面无明显差异（P>0.05）。高JLCA组的仰卧位JLCA、ΔJLCA、内翻JLCA、外翻JLCA和潜在内侧松弛度高于低JLCA组（P<0.05）。低JLCA组的ROM相比高JLCA组的运动范围大（P<0.05）。两组之间的任何临床评分均无明显差异（均P>0.05）。术后,在HKA、矫正误差、WBL比、TPS、MPTA骨矫正、总JLCA或JLO之间未发现明显差异（P>0.05）。但高JLCA组的矫正角和软组织矫正高于低JLCA组（P<0.05）。高JLCA组的术后JLCA、ΔJLCA、内翻JLCA和外翻JLCA高于低JLCA组（P<0.05）。低JLCA组的术后ROM高于高JLCA组（P<0.05）。两组之间的任何术后临床评分均无明显差异（P>0.05）。术前仰卧位JLCA与术后站立位JLCA相关（r=0.696, P<0.001）。结论:在控制术中JLCA时,术后冠状面排列不受JLCA改变和低JLCA组与高JLCA组软组织矫正差异的影响。然而,与目标冠状面排列相比,两组仍然存在过度矫正。     

关节镜下内侧支持带重叠缝合联合外侧松解治疗青少年创伤性髌骨脱位的临床研究

目的 探讨膝关节镜下内侧支持带重叠缝合联合外侧支持带松解治疗伴有撕脱性骨折的创伤性髌骨脱位的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2018年5月至2021年5月秦皇岛市第一医院诊治的30例青少年初次创伤性髌骨脱位合并髌骨内侧缘撕脱性骨折的患者,均在关节镜下采用内侧支持带重叠缝合联合外侧支持带松解方法治疗。评估膝关节优良率,术后6个月及1年的Kujala髌股关节评分、Lysholm膝关节评分、IKDC膝关节评分的改善情况,记录术前、术后6个月、术后1年的膝关节活动度、髌骨倾斜角、髌骨适合角及髌骨外移率。结果 ①30例患者术后均恢复良好,髌骨位置解剖复位,术后平均随访时间为12.1个月（10 ～ 18个月）,均无复发性脱位或半脱位发生;②膝关节优良率、Kujala髌股关节评分、Lysholm评分、IKDC评分分别由术前的3.3%、（45.3±2.2）分、（36.8±2.5）分、（53.5±4.9）分提高至术后1年的93.3%、（92.9±2.2）分、（94.8±3.5）分、（98.3±5.0）分,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;③膝关节活动度由术前的（25.3±4.5）°提高至术后1年的（125.4±3.2）°,髌骨倾斜角、髌骨适合角及髌骨外移率分别由术前的（12.5±1.8）°、（19.2±1.9）°、（18.5±2.3）%降至术后1年的（5.6±0.7）°、（6.8±1.0）°、（6.9±0.8）%,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 膝关节镜下内侧支持带重叠缝合联合外侧支持带松解治疗伴有撕脱性骨折的创伤性髌骨脱位安全有效,可获得稳定的髌骨运动轨迹,术后中短期随访影像学指标和临床功能评分满意。     

腓骨头上入路环形钢板治疗后外侧胫骨平台骨折

目的 探讨腓骨头上入路结合环形钢板在胫骨平台后外侧柱骨折中的运用及临床疗效。方法 回顾分析2019年1月至2021年6月期间南京中医药大学附属昆山市中医医院收治的19例累及后外侧柱的外侧胫骨平台骨折临床资料。其中,男11例,女8例;年龄32 ～ 65岁,平均46.3岁。根据四柱理论分型：单纯后外侧柱骨折6例,后外侧合并前外侧柱骨折13例。采用腓骨头上入路,骨折复位,塌陷区填充人工骨,3.5 mm后踝“T”型锁定钢板剪去一侧臂后折弯成环形并贴附包绕外侧平台边缘,以排筏螺钉固定。术后定期随访,根据Rasmussen放射评分评价复位质量,HSS评分评价膝关节功能。结果 所有患者术后均获得随访10 ～ 24个月,平均14.8个月。手术时间平均为（83.7±14.1） min,骨折愈合时间平均为（15.7±3.4）周,完全负重时间平均为（19.3±2.5）周。末次随访时膝关节活动度平均为（118.6±15.2）°;Rasmussen放射评分：优10例,良8例,可1例,优良率94.7%;膝关节功能HSS评分：优12例,良5例,可2例,优良率89.5%。结论 腓骨头上入路治疗后外侧胫骨平台骨折操作简便安全,联合环形钢板内固定可靠,近期临床疗效满意。     

斜外侧腰椎融合术联合Smith-Petersen截骨治疗伴矢状面失衡成人退行性脊柱侧凸疗效观察

目的 观察斜外侧腰椎椎间融合术（oblique lumbar interbody fusion, OLIF）联合Smith-Petersen截骨（SPO截骨）对成人退行性脊柱侧凸矢状面失衡矫形效果,并与单纯后路矫形融合手术进行比较。方法 回顾性分析2014年11月至2019年10月华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院收治的64例成人退行性脊柱侧凸患者资料,根据手术方式分为OLIF联合SPO组（33例）和单纯后路矫形组（31例）。记录患者的手术时间、术中出血量及术后住院时间;评估术前、术后3个月、术后1年及末次随访的腰痛和腿痛的疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale, VAS）、Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index, ODI）;脊柱全长X线评估脊柱侧凸冠状面Cobb角、腰椎前凸角（lumbar lordosis, LL）、骨盆倾斜角（pelvic tilt, PT）、骨盆入射角（pelvic incidence, PI）与腰椎前凸角（LL）差值（PI-LL）、矢状面平衡（sagittal vertical axis, SVA）等情况,并观察随访期内固定相关并发症,包括近端交界性后凸（proximal junctional kyphosis, PJK）、近端交界区失败（proximal junctional failure, PJF）、内固定失败等。结果 所有患者随访24 ～ 51个月,平均（34.38±8.6）个月。OLIF联合SPO组术中出血量及术后平均住院时间低于单纯后路矫形组（P＜0.05）,而平均手术时间高于单纯后路矫形组（P<0.001）。两组患者术后腰、腿痛VAS评分及ODI评分较术前有显著下降（P＜0.05）,两组间比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;冠状面参数比较,两组患者术后随访冠状面Cobb角均较术前明显下降,同时OLIF联合SPO组术后及末次随访Cobb角小于单纯后路矫形组（术后1周6.8°±4.5° vs 12.3°±7.3°,末次随访9.1°±7.3° vs 15.2°±11.7°,P＜0.05）。矢状面参数比较,两组术后及末次随访PT、LL、PI-LL及SVA均较术前明显改善（P＜0.05）,而OLIF联合SPO组末次随访LL大于单纯后路矫形组（34.3°±6.4° vs 29.6°±8.9°）,PI-LL小于单纯后路矫形组（16.4°±5.3° vs 21.9°±11.2°）,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。OLIF联合SPO组PJK、PJF及内固定失败等内固定相关并发症发生率低于单纯后路矫形组（18.2% vs 25.8%）,但差异无统计学意义（P=0.461）。结论 OLIF联合Smith-Petersen截骨治疗成人退变性脊柱侧凸安全、有效,其能够提供坚强的前柱支撑,有效地恢复腰椎前凸,纠正矢状面失衡,并且还有助于减少术中出血,促进术后康复。     

内侧突出技术对成人发育性髋关节发育不良患者全髋关节置换术后髋关节外展肌力恢复的影响

目的 评价内侧突出技术对成人发育性髋关节发育不良（developmental dysplasia of the hip, DDH）患者THA术后外展肌力恢复的影响。方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2021年12月于武汉大学人民医院因DDH、股骨颈骨折、股骨头坏死及髋关节骨性关节炎行单侧髋关节置换116例患者，将患者分为DDH组（52例）及非DDH组（64例）。在术前，术后1、4、24及48周进行临床数据采集，具体包括Harris评分、VAS疼痛评分、双侧髋关节外展肌肌力矩比（HAMMR）。通过骨盆正位平片测量髋关节旋转中心内移距离，比较两组间外展肌力矩差异。结果 患者随访时间12 ～ 18个月，平均随访时间14.3个月，其中DDH组52例患者髋关节Harris评分从术前（39.6±7.9）分改善至术后12个月（85.1±6.2）分，差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。DDH组52例患者髋关节旋转中心内移距离平均（15.5±6.0） mm，最小内移距离8 mm，最大内移距离24.4 mm，其中Crowe Ⅰ型24例，Crowe Ⅱ型19例，Crowe Ⅲ型9例，DDH组患者术后6个月及12个月HAMMR分别为（85.3±7.4）%及（93.9±3.6）%，较术前显著改善（P＜0.05），提示患侧外展肌力恢复接近对侧水平（100%）。通过皮尔逊相关性分析，旋转中心内移距离与HAMMR无明显相关性（r=-0.061，P=0.665＞0.05）。对DDH组与非DDH组间HAMMR进行独立样本t检验发现，在术后1、5、12个月HAMMR比较，差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 DDH患者行THA术应用内侧突出技术，在有限范围内移旋转中心（内移距离不超过24.4 mm），对术后6个月后髋关节外展肌力的恢复无明显影响，术后髋关节功能及外展肌力得到明显改善。     

“鸡尾酒”封闭在Gartland Ⅲ型儿童肱骨髁上骨折术后的早期镇痛效果

目的 比较“鸡尾酒”封闭与臂丛神经阻滞在Gartland Ⅲ型儿童肱骨髁上骨折术后镇痛的临床效果。方法 2018年1月至2020年2月，58例儿童肱骨髁上骨折患者纳入本研究。其中，男34例，女24例；年龄2 ～ 10岁，平均（6.53±2.44）岁。根据抽签法随机分组，封闭组（39例）采用骨折端血肿内“鸡尾酒”封闭镇痛，神经阻滞组（19例）采用臂丛神经阻滞镇痛。记录术后WB-FACES疼痛评分、肿胀分级及麻醉中毒反应情况，在随访过程中记录骨折临床愈合时间及Mayo肘关节功能评分、肘关节屈-伸ROM、前臂旋前-旋后ROM。结果 所有患者均获得随访，随访时间12 ～ 37个月，平均（17.32±4.02）个月。术后1 d和7 d时两组间的WB-FACES疼痛评分、肿胀分级比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；但术后2 d和3 d，封闭组的WB-FACES疼痛评分和肿胀分级显著低于神经阻滞组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组间麻醉中毒反应分级比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。封闭组骨折愈合时间为（5.46±1.41）周，神经阻滞组则为（5.11±1.15）周，两组间比较差异无统计学意义（t=0.955，P=0.343）。术后3个月和末次随访时，两组患者Mayo肘关节评分、肘关节屈-伸ROM和前臂旋前-旋后ROM比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 儿童Gartland Ⅲ型肱骨髁上骨折采用“鸡尾酒”封闭在术后早期疼痛控制中优于臂丛神经阻滞，而且操作简单，安全性与神经阻滞类似。     

模拟手术结合3D打印个性化导航模板在胫骨高位截骨术中的应用

目的 评价模拟手术结合3D打印个性化导航模板（patient-specific instrumentation,PSI）应用于内侧开放楔形胫骨高位截骨术（high tibial osteotomy,HTO）其保膝治疗的精准性和安全性。方法回顾性分析2019年5月～2021年5月应用模拟手术结合3D打印PSI辅助内侧开放楔形HTO治疗的膝骨关节炎患者23例,其中男性2例,女性21例;年龄49～83岁,平均58.9岁;病程1～30年,平均6.3年。术前和术后测量胫骨近端内侧角（medialproximal tibial angle,MPTA）、髋-膝-踝角（hip-knee-ankle angle,HKA）、下肢负重线比率（weight bearing lineratio,WBL）、胫骨平台后倾角（posterior tibialslope angle,PTSA）和关节线会聚角（joint line convergence angle,JLCA）。记录患者术前和末次随访的VAS疼痛评分与AKS膝关节功能评分。结果 所有患者获得随访,随访时间为7～19个月,平均11.8个月。术后测量结果：W...     

微创截骨单螺钉固定结合外侧软组织松解治疗轻中度拇外翻

目的 探讨利用微创截骨单螺钉固定结合松解外侧软组织的方法治疗轻中度拇外翻的短期临床效果。方法 回顾性分析2021年2月至2022年3月期间采用安徽医科大学第二附属医院采用微创截骨单螺钉固定结合松解外侧软组织的方法治疗16例（19足）轻中度拇外翻患者。其中,男1例（1足）,女15例（18足）;年龄25 ～ 78岁,平均41.9岁;轻度6例（7足）,中度10例（12足）。通过测量19足术前及末次随访时拇外翻角（hallux valgus angle, HVA）,第Ⅰ、Ⅱ跖骨间夹角（Ⅰ-Ⅱ IMA）,第Ⅰ跖骨远端关节面角（distal metatarsal articular angle, DMAA）变化情况,并采用美国足踝外科学会（American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, AOFAS）拇趾关节评分系统进行疗效评价。结果 16例（19足）患者均获得随访,随访时间7 ～ 18个月,平均12.5个月。术前HVA（27.2±6.8）°、Ⅰ-Ⅱ IMA（16.9±4.2）°、DMAA（11.2±3.5）°、AOFAS评分（57.2±8.8）分,末次随访时HVA（8.7±5.1）°、Ⅰ-Ⅱ IMA（7.1±3.3）°、DMAA（4.1±2.1）°、AOFAS评分（88.2±3.6）分,术前与末次随访时HVA、Ⅰ-Ⅱ IMA、DMAA及AOFAS评分比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。末次随访时AOFAS评分结果：优10足,良7足,可2足。术后2例患者出现切口周围红肿,加强护理后愈合良好。未出现切口感染及跖骨头坏死并发症。结论 微创截骨单螺钉固定结合松解外侧软组织的方法可以有效治疗轻中度拇外翻,取得满意的临床效果。     

微创接骨板内固定治疗Sanders Ⅱ型跟骨关节内骨折的三维有限元分析及临床疗效评估

目的 通过三维有限元分析评价跟骨微创锁定接骨板的稳定性,并评价采用跟骨微创锁定接骨板治疗Sanders Ⅱ型跟骨关节内骨折的临床疗效。方法 建立三种微创锁定接骨板固定Sanders Ⅱ型跟骨关节内骨折的三维有限元模型,模拟加载700 N应力后进行三维有限元分析,评价微创锁定接骨板的生物力学稳定性。自2020年1月至2021年5月,珠海市第五人民医院共收治26例Sanders Ⅱ型跟骨关节内骨折患者,其中男17例,女9例,平均年龄（43.3±8.2）岁（21 ～ 61岁）。所有患者择期行经跗骨窦切口有限切开复位跟骨微创锁定接骨板内固定。术后定期随访复查摄片,测量Böhler角及Gissane角,同时采用美国骨科足踝外科协会（AOFAS）踝关节与后足评分及视觉模拟量表评分（VAS）评估治疗效果,并记录相关并发症。结果 三维有限元分析结果显示内植物的最大应力值均低于其屈服强度,三种固定方式的骨块最大移位值均位于载距突。临床研究中2例患者失随访,其余24例患者获平均14.5个月（12 ～ 18个月）随访。除1例患者出现伤口延迟愈合外,余未见软组织并发症。术后3个月复查摄片明确骨折端愈合。术后末次随访时摄片Böhler角从术前10.9°±5.3°增加至术后末次随访时31.3°±2.3°（P＜0.05）,而Gissane角从术前108.3°±24.2°改善至术后末次随访时113.3°±5.5°（P＞0.05）。末次随访时AOFAS踝关节与后足评分平均为（88.9±6.6）分（76 ～ 100分）,VAS平均（1.0±0.9）分（0 ～ 3分）。除1例患者复查CT见关节面复位欠佳外,余患者未见骨不连、畸形愈合、固定失效、创伤性关节炎等并发症。结论 采用跟骨微创锁定接骨板固定治疗Sanders Ⅱ型跟骨关节内骨折具有创伤小、术后并发症少、固定稳定性可靠等优势,是一种安全、有效的治疗技术。     

What is the relationship between the “Fujisawa point” and postoperative knee valgus angle? A theoretical,computer-based study

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the Fujisawa point and postoperative knee valgus angle and the anatomical factors influencing this relationship.MethodsAn experimental study was conducted including 116 patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis undergoing treatment with open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO). Each patient received simulated HTO through the Fujisawa point in the picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The preoperative hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle and lower extremity anatomical parameters were recorded before the computerized HTO simulation. The postoperative knee valgus angle was measured after this procedure. A second simulation HTO was performed to adjust the mechanical axis to the optimal valgus angle (4.5°) and calculate the percentage of the tibial plateau width where the Mikulicz line crossed the knee. The Spearman correlation test and multivariate regression were used for analysis.ResultsThe median preoperative HKA varus angle of this study cohort was 174.1° (170.8, 176.2°). The median knee valgus angle after simulated osteotomy through the Fujisawa point was 2.4° (2.1, 2.7°). The valgus angle was positively correlated with the tibial plateau width (r = 0.23, p = .013) and preoperative HKA angle (r = 0.32, p < .001). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the preoperative HKA angle was a significant contributor to the postoperative valgus angle. When conducting the osteotomy with the optimal valgus angle (4.5°), the percentage of the Mikulicz line passing through the tibial plateau was 71.93% (67–78%).ConclusionsThe preoperative HKA angle affects the postoperative valgus angle after HTO. If the optimal valgus angle of 4.5° is desired, a more lateral position of the Fujisawa point should be targeted during OWHTO, which accounts for approximately 71.9% of the tibial plateau.     

Improving the accuracy of tibial component placement during total knee replacement in varus knees with tibial bowing: A prospective randomised controlled study

BackgroundLateral tibial bowing leads to varus placement of the tibial component during total knee replacement in varus knees. Lateralised tibial jig placement can improve the accuracy of the tibial cut.MethodsA total of 227 patients (300 knees) undergoing total knee replacements were randomised into two groups. In the study group, the point of intersection of the distal tibial diaphyseal line at the tibial plateau drawn on long films was represented by zones. Knees with femoral bowing > 5° (28%) were excluded. Tibial jig placement on the proximal tibia was lateralised according to the zones. In the control group, the mid-point of the tibial plateau was taken as a reference. Femoral and tibial bowing, postoperative limb alignment and component placement were assessed.ResultsOf the 216 knees that were studied, 106 were in the study group and 110 in the control group. Bowing ≥ 3° had a significant positive correlation with lateralisation of the proximal tibial reference (p < 0.001). The Incidence of tibial bowing ≥ 3° was 57.33%. The mean postoperative hip–knee–ankle (HKA) angle was 178.31 ± 2.88° and 176.53 ± 2.88° (p < 0.001), whereas the mean medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) was 89.91 ± 1.42° and 88.79 ± 1.72° (p < 0.001) in the study and control groups, respectively. Considering bowed tibiae alone, HKA angle and MPTA in the study group were 178.08 ± 2.81° and 89.72 ± 1.39° compared with 175.88 ± 2.87° and 88.38 ± 1.38° in the control group (p < 0.001).ConclusionThere is a high incidence of tibial bowing in varus knees. Lateralised tibial jig placement improved tibial component placement and postoperative limb alignment in total knee arthroplasty in varus knees with tibial bowing.     

Coronal tibiofemoral subluxation is a risk factor for postoperative overcorrection in high tibial osteotomy

BackgroundSevere tibiofemoral (TF) subluxation > 10 mm is a contraindication for high tibial osteotomy (HTO). However, the relationship between the degree of preoperative TF subluxation at < 10 mm and postoperative radiographic/clinical outcomes remains unclear.MethodsSixty-seven patients who underwent open wedge HTO with a planned postoperative mechanical femorotibial angle (mFTA) of three degrees valgus were retrospectively studied. The minimal subluxation (MIN) group included 39 patients with TF subluxation < 5 mm, while the moderate subluxation (MOD) group included 28 patients with TF subluxation of five to 10 mm. The preoperative and one-year postoperative mFTA, TF subluxation, medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), joint line convergence angle (JLCA), preoperative Kellgren-Lawrence (K–L) grade and varus-valgus laxity were evaluated. Clinical scores and pain visual analogue scale (VAS) were also analyzed.ResultsThe mean preoperative TF values in the MIN and MOD groups were 3.1±1.0 mm and 6.7±1.6 mm (mean±standard deviation, p < 0.001), respectively, with no significant difference in K–L grades. The MIN group demonstrated a significantly smaller varus preoperative mFTA (p < 0.001), larger MPTA (p = 0.011), smaller JLCA (p = 0.004), and less varus laxity (p = 0.023). Postoperative TF subluxation, MPTAs, and JLCAs did not differ significantly between the two groups, while the postoperative mFTA was significantly different (p = 0.001), with unintended overcorrection in the MOD group. No significant difference in clinical scores and VAS were observed.ConclusionsAfter HTO, compared to patients with TF subluxation < 5 mm, patients with TF subluxation of five to 10 mm were more likely to demonstrate unintended valgus overcorrection on one-year postoperative radiography.     

“反漂浮”体位在累及后柱胫骨平台骨折手术治疗中的应用

目的 探讨在“反漂浮”体位在手术治疗累及后柱的胫骨平台骨折中的临床应用效果。方法 回顾性研究。纳入2018年9月—2020年8月安徽医科大学附属安庆医院创伤中心累及后柱的胫骨平台骨折患者19例。其中,男12例,女7例;年龄28~70岁,平均38.5岁;SchatzkerⅡ型1例,Ⅳ型4例,Ⅴ型7例,Ⅵ型7例;累及后柱+外侧柱1例,后柱+内侧柱4例,后柱+内侧柱+外侧柱14例。所有患者在“反漂浮”体位下行切开复位内固定手术,其中胫骨平台后柱+内侧柱骨折4例患者采用膝关节后内侧倒“L”入路,余15例患者采用膝关节后内侧倒“L”入路联合前外侧入路,术中骨折端暴露良好。观察患者手术时间、术中出血量以及切口愈合时间。术后定期随访,行患膝X线检查,评估内固定是否失效以及骨折愈合时间;测量对比患者术后即刻以及术后1年胫骨平台内翻角和胫骨平台后倾角。术后1年采用美国特种外科医院（HSS）膝关节评分评估患膝关节功能。结果 19例患者均在“反漂浮”体位下顺利完成切开复位内固定术。手术时间60~115 min,平均91.6 min。术中出血量50~200 mL,平均108 mL。患者术后恢复良好,切口均一期愈合。19例患者均获得随访,随访时间12~18个月,平均13.5个月。随访期间无一例患者出现内固定松动、断裂,骨折愈合时间17~25周,平均19.2周。患者术后即刻胫骨平台内翻角为87.16°±2.24°、后倾角为9.41°±0.85°,术后1年胫骨平台内翻角为85.98°±3.59°、后倾角为9.55°±0.97°,差异均无统计学意义（t=1.29、2.01,P值均>0.05）。术后1年采用HSS膝关节评分标准评定患膝功能优9例、良8例、中2例。结论 在“反漂浮”体位下手术治疗累及后柱的胫骨平台骨折,术野显露较好,手术安全,内固定稳定有效,关节功能恢复满意。     

Radiographic deformities of the lower extremity in patients with spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee

BackgroundSpontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (SONK) is one of the acute knee pain disorders arising in elderly patients. The presence of knee varus alignment and the size of necrotic area have been reported as the negative prognostic factors in prior studies. However, no previous study has yet clarified the radiological analysis of the lower extremity in SONK compared with that in osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was therefore to identify the radiographic findings of the lower extremity in SONK.MethodsSixty-three knees of Kellgren–Lawrence classification grade 1 or 2 without any trauma treated between April 2012 and March 2014 were enrolled in this study. These knees were divided into two groups according to their magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings: SONK group (31 knees) and OA group (32 knees). Using a long leg standing X-ray, femorotibial angle (FTA), mechanical axis deviation (MAD), mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) and joint line convergent angle (JLCA) were compared between groups. Correlation between each parameter and the width ratio (WR) of the necrotic lesion were analyzed.ResultsFTA, MAD, MPTA and JLCA showed significant differences between the SONK and OA groups. In the SONK group, FTA was positively correlated with WR, and, MAD and MPTA was negatively correlated with WR.ConclusionsCompared with OA, SONK is associated with a significantly larger varus deformity at the proximal tibia, and larger joint play in the coronal plane.     

In vivo kinematic comparison before and after mobile-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty during high-flexion activities

BackgroundMany patients who undergo unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) have an expectation that their knee flexion would increase following its replacement. Additionally, the survival rate of mobile-bearing UKA (MB-UKA) is high. However, the effect on the patient's kinematics remains unknown. This study aimed to clarify the kinematic effect of MB-UKA knees during high-flexion activities by comparing the in vivo kinematics before and after surgery.MethodsA squatting motion was performed under fluoroscopic surveillance in the sagittal plane before and after MB-UKA. To estimate the spatial position and orientation of the knee, a two-dimensional/three-dimensional registration technique was used. The femoral rotation and varus–valgus angle relative to the tibia and anteroposterior (AP) translation of the medial and lateral side of the femur on the plane perpendicular to the tibial mechanical axis in each flexion angle were evaluated.ResultsRegarding the varus–valgus angle, the preoperative knees indicated a significant varus alignment compared with the postoperative knees from 10° to 60° of flexion. There were no significant differences in the femoral rotation angle, AP translation, and kinematic pathway before and after MB-UKA in the mid-flexion of the range of motion.ConclusionThere were differences between the varus–valgus knee kinematics before and after MB-UKA, from 10 to 60° of flexion, but no difference from midrange of flexion to deep flexion. In addition, the rotational knee kinematics before and after MB-UKA was not significantly different.     

How does the inclination of the tibial component matter? A three-dimensional finite element analysis of medial mobile-bearing unicompartmental arthroplasty

Background

Medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) using Oxford mobile-bearing prosthesis is performed in the treatment of medial compartmental arthritis of the knee. However, little is known about the stress distributions for mobile-bearing UKA on the medial tibial plateau.

Modified anterior midline approach to treat hyperextension bicondylar tibial plateau fractures: Surgical technique and clinical experience with 18 cases

BackgroundWe evaluated the modified anterior midline approach and its efficacy for hyperextension bicondylar tibial plateau (HEBTP) fractures.MethodsFrom 2015 to 2019, 18 patients with HEBTP fractures with just little posterior cortical displacement were treated using the modified anterior midline approach. The operative protocols are fully described in this article, and the following parameters: articular step-off height (ASH), posterior tibial slope angle (pTSA), and medial tibial plateau angle (mTPA) were measured perioperatively and at the final follow-up. We also recorded the Rasmussen score and range of motion (ROM) to assess knee joint function at the final follow-up.ResultsNo complications, such as percutaneous nerve damage, infection, skin necrosis, and internal fixation breakage or loosening occurred perioperatively. The mean time for bony union was 13.7 weeks, and the mean preoperative ASH of the anterior cortex was 4.49 mm; this was restored to its normal height after surgery. The mean preoperative pTSA and mTPA were − 5.89° and 81.69°, respectively, compared with 3.89° and 87.91°, respectively, postoperatively. Comparing the postoperative and final follow-up radiographs, there were no significant differences in ASH, pTSA, and mTPA (P < 0.05). The average Rasmussen score was 27.2 (range, 23–29) at the final follow-up. Excellent results were achieved in 14 (77.8%) patients and good in 4 (22.2%) patients. The mean ROM in flexion was 123.2° and 2.9° in extension at the final follow-up.ConclusionsThis study suggested that the modified anterior midline approach is a reasonable alternative for HEBTP fracture repair.