螨宁乳液的制备及杀灭人体蠕形螨的效果观察

目的 研制治疗蠕形螨类疾病的新型中药制剂. 方法 利用已筛选出的具有杀螨作用的中药制备成乳剂,进行体外杀螨实验和临床试验,观察其杀螨效果. 结果 成功地制备出纯中药螨宁乳剂,体外试验表明其杀螨效果与0.2%甲硝唑冷霜相当,均明显高于空白乳剂对照组(P＜0.01);用螨宁乳液治疗人体蠕形螨患者治愈率为79.17%(38/48),其疗效相当于10%硫磺软膏、0.2%甲硝唑冷霜(P＞0.01). 结论 螨宁乳液是一种杀螨效果较强,无副作用,方便、廉价的新型杀螨药物.     

Global divergence of the human follicle mite Demodex folliculorum: Persistent associations between host ancestry and mite lineages

Microscopic mites of the genus Demodex live within the hair follicles of mammals and are ubiquitous symbionts of humans, but little molecular work has been done to understand their genetic diversity or transmission. Here we sampled mite DNA from 70 human hosts of diverse geographic ancestries and analyzed 241 sequences from the mitochondrial genome of the species Demodex folliculorum. Phylogenetic analyses recovered multiple deep lineages including a globally distributed lineage common among hosts of European ancestry and three lineages that primarily include hosts of Asian, African, and Latin American ancestry. To a great extent, the ancestral geography of hosts predicted the lineages of mites found on them; 27% of the total molecular variance segregated according to the regional ancestries of hosts. We found that D. folliculorum populations are stable on an individual over the course of years and that some Asian and African American hosts maintain specific mite lineages over the course of years or generations outside their geographic region of birth or ancestry. D. folliculorum haplotypes were much more likely to be shared within families and between spouses than between unrelated individuals, indicating that transmission requires close contact. Dating analyses indicated that D. folliculorum origins may predate modern humans. Overall, D. folliculorum evolution reflects ancient human population divergences, is consistent with an out-of-Africa dispersal hypothesis, and presents an excellent model system for further understanding the history of human movement.Human evolution did not take place in isolation but instead occurred alongside that of many closely associated species. Phylogeographic studies of human-associated species—such as lice and rodents, as well as certain bacteria and viruses—have suggested, eliminated, and confirmed hypotheses about human history (1–10). For example, these studies have provided details about the timing and nature of the original human migration out of Africa, the spread of humans within and among continents, and the domestication of large vertebrates.Mites of the genus Demodex live in the hair follicles and sebaceous glands of humans and provide a promising system with which to explore further the details of human evolution. The association between Demodex and Homo sapiens is likely to be an ancient one: The broad distribution of these mites across mammal species (11), coupled with the ancient date of divergence estimated between the two species known to be found on humans (12), suggests that Demodex originated and diversified with early mammals. Furthermore, Demodex seem likely to have been carried along whenever their hosts migrated, because they are ubiquitous inhabitants of human skin (13, 14). Finally, in comparison with the other human associates that have been studied to date, Demodex mites are more tightly associated with human bodies than are lice, while their generation times are slower than those of bacteria and viruses but are faster than those of rodents, making them a complementary system with which to understand the evolution of both humans and human associates.Two species of Demodex are known to inhabit the skin of humans. Histological studies suggest that each occupies a different niche: Demodex folliculorum resides in the hair follicle and is often found near the skin surface, whereas Demodex brevis is generally found deep in the sebaceous glands (15). As a result, the frequency of D. folliculorum movement from one host to another may be greater than that of D. brevis. A recent phylogenetic analysis of Demodex, including the two human associates, shows geographically structured genetic variation in D. brevis in which individuals of European descent and those of temperate Asian (Chinese) descent exhibit up to 6% divergence in nuclear ribosomal 18S sequence (14). In contrast, studies based on 18S rDNA and 16S mtDNA suggest that D. folliculorum exhibits no clear geographic structure among hosts from China, Spain, Brazil, and the United States (14, 16, 17). However, without additional sampling it is impossible to know whether the absence of apparent geographic structure in D. folliculorum truly reflects high rates of global gene flow or instead is an artifact of limited global sampling and the particular genetic loci studied.Key to understanding the global phylogeography of these mites is an understanding of how they move among hosts. The transfer of mites from mother to progeny and between mating partners has been demonstrated in nonhuman mammals (18–21). However, the movement of Demodex among human hosts has not been characterized. If human mites are transferred between hosts at high rates, the resulting high rates of migration could account for the limited geographic structure observed in D. folliculorum to date.Here we used a 930-bp fragment of the mitochondrial genome to evaluate the genetic diversity and phylogeography of D. folliculorum among 70 human hosts of diverse geographic origins and ancestries. Our samples included people of European, Asian, African, and Latin American descent, the majority of whom currently live in the United States, providing the most broadly sampled evolutionary tree to date for any Demodex species.Additionally, we investigated Demodex transmission among humans in two ways. First, we sampled multiple mites from a single host individual over the course of 3 y to characterize the diversity and stability of the mite population. Second, we examined the relationships among mites on three sets of parents and their adult progeny; because of the close association among family members, we hypothesized that mite lineages are more likely to be shared within families than between unrelated hosts.The study of Demodex mites speaks to the story of human evolution as well as the coevolution between symbiont and host. Moreover, understanding these mites and their microbes will have applied value, because they have been linked to skin disorders such as rosacea and blepharitis (22, 23). Whatever the influence of mites on these disorders may be, it may depend on the mite lineages inhabiting a particular host. Ultimately, elucidating the evolution and transmission of Demodex mites not only will be a useful step toward understanding the evolutionary history of humans but also will be critical to contextualizing their role in human health.     

First report on sensitization to allergens of a house dust mite, Suidasia pontifica (Acari: Saproglyphidae).

A species of house dust mite, Suidasia pontifica, was recently shown to produce allergens affecting man. The species may be as important as other allergen producing mite in sensitization and causing allergic symptoms in Malaysians. Surveys conducted demonstrated that 80% of the houses surveyed were positive for this mite with densities ranged from 2 to 50 mites per gram of dust. Colonies of the species has been successfully established and materials from those colonies have been used to produce extracts for studies on sensitization to the mites. A total of 85 suspected allergic rhinitis patients were tested and 74.1% demonstrated positive reactions. Extract of this mite should be considered for routine diagnostic testing and possible immunotherapy.     

First report of an entomopathogenic nematode from continental Portugal

Summary In continental Portugal no information is available concerning the occurrence of entomopathogenic nematodes. During a survey in several different habitats from the southern regions of the country, several isolates where identified as Steinernema feltiae. This represents the first report of an entomopathogenic nematode genus for continental Portugal.     

Neurocysticercosis causing sudden death: a case report

We report an acute case of a native man from Bolivia suffered from cephalalgia which rapidly worsened and ended in his sudden and unexpected death. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was obtained. Features demonstrated on brain MRI scan were consistent with a diagnosis of neurocysticercosis (NCC). An autopsy showed the presence of intraventricular Taenia solium (T. solium) cysts which caused blockage of cerebrospinal fluid and secondary hydrocephalus. Due to the increasing travel movements of people neurocysticercosis must be considered as a cause of unexplained sudden death.     

疥螨感染1例

本文报道了1例疥螨感染,患者经硫乳膏和林旦乳膏治疗后痊愈。疥疮主要经接触传播,传染性很强,卫生条件和抵抗力差的人群易发病,该病早期诊断十分重要。     

Genetic Diversity of Venezuelan Alphaviruses and Circulation of a Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Subtype IAB Strain During an Interepizootic Period

Several species of alphaviruses have been previously described in the Americas, some of which are associated with encephalitis and others are associated with arthralgia. Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) and eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) are endemic to Venezuela, with the former being responsible for major outbreaks of severe and often fatal disease in animals and humans. The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of Venezuelan alphaviruses isolated during two decades (1973–1999) of surveillance in northern Venezuela. Phylogenetic analysis indicated the circulation of a VEEV subtype IAB strain 8 years after the last reported outbreak. Thirteen strains within two subclades of South American lineage III of EEEV were also found in Venezuela. Considerable genetic variability was observed among Venezuelan Una virus strains, which were widely distributed among the clades. The first Venezuelan Mayaro sequence was also characterized.     

Xanthogranulomatous cholangitis causing obstructive jaundice： A case report

This article reports the case of a 34-year-old woman with xanthogranulomatous cholangitis who developed obstructive jaundice. Microscopically, the bile duct was surrounded and narrowed by a xanthogranulomatous lesion, but no xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis was seen. Although percutaneous cholangiograms done via the transhepatic biliary drainage showed smooth narrowing of the upper to middle bile duct, the cytology of bile was diagnosed as class V adenocarcinoma. Therefore, right extended hepatectomy and extrahepatic bile duct resection were performed. The differentiation of benign and malignant strictures at the hepatic hilum is often difficult. Xanthogranulomatous cholangitis is one possible diagnosis of a bile duct stricture. Precise review of all the preoperative information is required to make a correct diagnosis.     

Short report: Isolation and identification of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus from a human in Panama

Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus was isolated from a febrile human in Panama. The patient became febrile approximately 10 days after returning from Gatun Lake in Panama. The virus was isolated from the acute phase serum and identified as VEE, subtype ID virus by monoclonal antibodies, and was confirmed by cross plaque-reduction neutralization tests.     

Unrecognized pylephlebitis causing life-threatening septic shock： A case report

A man who developed profound septic shock was treated for Escherichia coli sepsis of unknown origin. Following stabilisation, a diagnosis of pylephlebitis (infection and thrombosis in the portal vein) was made at computed tomography. A review of the condition, its primary causes, typical features, investigation and management was presented.     

Splenic arteriovenous fistula causing massive ascites: a case report

A case of splenic arteriovenous fistula leading to portal hypertension and ascites is presented. The recognition of this vascular lesion is important. When portal hypertension is secondary to a splenic arteriovenous fistula, the complications of portal hypertension can be avoided by the resection of the lesion. The diagnosis can be suspected by clinical findings and confirmed by angiographic delineation of the fistula. Surgical resection of splenic arteriovenous fistulae must include the fistula and all dilated venous tributaries to prevent thrombosis and recurrent portal hypertension.     

冠状动脉前降支心肌桥致急性心肌梗死一例

<正>1病例资料患者男性,47岁。主因"间断胸痛12 d"入院。患者入院前12 d,于夜间睡眠中突发胸痛,位于心前区,手掌大小范围,无放射痛,持续不缓解。5 h后于当地医院就诊,诊断"急性前壁心肌梗死",负荷剂量阿司匹林及氯吡格雷口服,并予"尿激酶150万U"溶栓。此后,患者于日常体力活动时仍间断出现胸痛,位于心前区,手掌大小范围,无放射痛,每     

Intestinal neuronal dysplasia (type B) causing fatal small bowel ischaemia in an adult: a case report

Intestinal neuronal dysplasia (IND) is a well-documented but controversial entity defined as a congenital malformation of gastrointestinal innervation caused by dysplastic embryonal development of the enteric nervous system. Mainly described as a colonic disorder mimicking Hirschsprung's disease in the paediatric population, involvement of the ileum is rare. We report a case of fatal IND of the small intestine in a 58-year-old man presenting with a recent onset of features of small intestinal obstruction. IND has been described as a cause of colonic pseudo-obstruction and chronic constipation in adults, but to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of IND of the ileum occurring in an adult causing fatal small bowel obstruction. A Medline search yielded no cases of ileal involvement with IND in adults.     

Nephrolithiasis as an extra-intestinal presentation of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease unclassified

Urolithiasis is quite rare in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) compared with the incidence at 9–18% in adult cases. The diagnosis and treatment of pediatric IBD is challenging. Indeterminate colitis (IC), originally proposed as a subgroup of fulminant IBD, has also been used for patients when the diagnosis of either UC or CD cannot be made with certainty. Such patients should be diagnosed as having “IBD unclassified” based on evidence including mucosal biopsy samples. We report herewith a 9-year-old boy with isolated colitis that reached a diagnosis of IBD unclassified. Infliximab therapy led to a successful remission after the refractory course. However, urolithiases were impacted in the urethral valves and vesico-ureteral junction. Microhematuria was noticed from the onset of colitis. Renal calculi were detected on the X-ray films during the first line treatment. Transurethrally crushed stones consisted of calcium oxalate. Renal calculi are more closely associated with CD than ulcerative colitis in adult patients for the ileal involvement. The oxalate stones and treatment response indicated a CD-like pathophysiology. Nephrolithiasis might be a rare but noticeable extra-intestinal presentation of pediatric IBD. Infliximab therapy could be an option in pediatric refractory colitis to change the critical steroid dependency.     

Qhapa, a pest causing skin irritations in Nor Yungas region of Bolivia, identified as a chigger mite, Eutrombicula batatas

Qhapa, a pest associated with skin irritations, was collected from children and adults as well as from underbrush, rain forest highlands, and coffee fields in the Nor Yungas region of Bolivia. The pest was examined by phase contrast and scanning electron microscopy. Morphological features, including number and position of setae on the segmented legs of the mite, were consistent with its identification as the larval form of the chigger mite Eutrombicula batatas. Recommendations are made on ways to decrease incidence of Qhaba bites to minimize the dermatitis and the resultant secondary bacterial infections.     

Case report: sustained-release verapamil overdose causing stroke: an unusual complication.

A 47-year-old woman ingested 7.2 gm of sustained-release verapamil. She developed hypotension, idioventricular rhythm, mild acidosis, mild hyperglycemia, and aspiration pneumonia that required antibiotics and mechanical ventilatory support. In addition, she had a stroke, which resulted from left cerebral hemispheric damage, an unusual complication. Stroke is reported only once in the literature. Special problems related to slow release medication and the need to be aware of them are discussed.     

Biofilm-forming fluconazole-resistant Candida auris causing vulvovaginal candidiasis in an immunocompetent patient: A case report

Rationale: Candida auris is a potential emerging pathogen among Candida and causes serious health threats globally. Patient concerns: We reported a case of vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by Candida auris. A 26-year-old female presented with complaints of vaginal discharge, itching and low back pain.Diagnosis: High vaginal swab culture yielded Candida. The strain was confirmed as Candida auris by amplification and sequencing the internal transcribed spacer region. Antifungal susceptibility testing revealed that the isolate was resistant to fluconazole, amphotericin B and clotrimazole and susceptible to ketoconazole and nystatin. The isolate also exhibited biofilm forming ability. Interventions: Her symptoms did not subside with initial management with fluconazole and clotrimazole. Later, she was started on ketoconazole therapy. The patient responded well to ketoconazole.Outcome and lessons: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about the presence of a drug resistant biofilm forming Candida auris strain isolated from a vaginal swab sample from Chennai area. Biofilm forming ability might contribute to its drug resistance. Nucleic acid analysis helps in rapid and accurate identification of such rare species.