罗哌卡因硬膜外阻滞对异丙酚镇静作用的增强效应

目的探讨罗哌卡因硬膜外阻滞对异丙酚镇静作用的增强效应。方法将择期行骨科下肢手术患者40例分为硬膜外麻醉组（20例）和对照组（20例）。硬膜外麻醉组先行罗哌卡因阻滞,再行异丙酚诱导;对照组直接行异丙酚诱导。记录患者硬膜外穿刺前（T0）、注入异丙酚前即刻（T1）和OAA/S评分达到1分时（T2）脑电双频指数（BIS）值,并记录T2时异丙酚血药浓度及从T1到T2时每个患者异丙酚的用量。结果两组患者T0时OAA/S评分均为5分,T0、T1和T2两组间BIS值比较差异无显著性（〉0.05）,两组T2时点与T0时点BIS值比较差异均有显著性（〈0.05）。OAA/S评分达到1分时,硬膜外麻醉组异丙酚血药浓度和所需异丙酚用量明显小于对照组（〈0.05）。结论罗哌卡因硬膜外阻滞可增强异丙酚的镇静催眠作用,其可阻断了局部的神经传入信号,降低对网状激活系统的刺激,从而减少麻醉药的用量。     

老年患者罗哌卡因硬膜外阻滞对全麻诱导期异丙酚TCI镇静催眠作用的影响

目的:评价罗哌卡因硬膜外用药后对老年患者全麻诱导期异丙酚靶控输注(TCI)时镇静催眠作用的影响,并探讨其可能的机制。方法:病人分为罗哌卡因组(GR,n=20)和对照组(GS,n=20),分别采用0.5%罗哌卡因和生理盐水硬膜外给药。测定病人感觉阻滞平面和运动神经阻滞程度,随后用异丙酚TCI输注全麻诱导,记录病人意识消失所需的时间、异丙酚效应室浓度(Ce)及用量。结果:意识消失所需时间GR组比GS组快约20%(P<0.05);GR组的异丙酚效应室浓度(Ce)、用量均比GS组显著为低(P<0.05);两组病人的基础BIS值,硬膜外用药15min后、意识消失时、插管时及插管后BIS值均无显著性差异(P>0.05);两组病人意识消失时BIS值与基础值相比有显著性差异(P<0.05)。GR组MAP在硬膜外用药15min、意识消失时、插管后1min,与GC组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:老年患者全麻诱导期BIS监测下异丙酚TCI输注复合硬膜外阻滞,可明显减少异丙酚的用量,缩短意识消失所需时间,减轻插管反应,降低全麻药可能引起的副作用。     

可乐定硬膜外腔预注的镇静效应及其对脑电双频谱指数的影响

目的观察可乐定硬膜外腔预注对左旋布比卡因硬膜外麻醉患者的镇静效应及其对脑电双频谱指数(BIS)的影响。方法45例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级经腹全子宫切除手术患者,根据硬膜外腔预注可乐定剂量的不同,随机分为3组:C2组(n=15)2μg/kg,C4组(n=15)4μg/kg和C0组对照(n=15)。L2～3硬膜外腔穿刺置管,可乐定注射15min后以0.5%左旋布比卡因行硬膜外阻滞麻醉。结果各组麻醉效果良好,阻滞平面T6(T3～6),术中左旋布比卡因用量组间无显著差异,C0组1例需要辅助镇静药物。可乐定给药5～15min后,BIS明显降低,C4组降低比C2组更显著;警觉/镇静评分为C4组相似文献   

脑电双频谱指数用于临床麻醉深度监测

目的 研究脑电双频谱指数在临床麻醉中的应用价值。方法 健康状况属ASAI-Ⅱ级手术病人72例，其中42例剖胸手术病人，随机双盲法平分为两组；30例下肢，下腹部手术病人，随机双盲法平分为两组。A组为全麻组，B组为硬膜外阻滞——气管内插管联合麻醉组，C组为硬膜外阻滞组，D组为蛛网膜下腔阻滞组。所有病人均放置脑电双频谱指数电极，记录入室后、术中、出室时BIS值。结果 同一组内病人人室后、术中平均值、出室时BIS值均有明显差异(P＜0．05)。各组间在入室后基础值和出室时的BIS值均无差别(P＞0.05)。术中BIS平均值：A组明显低于B组(P＜0.05)，C组与D组无明显差别，A组和B组均低于C组和D组。结论 脑电双频谱指数是监测临床麻醉深度的较好指标。     

罗哌卡因硬膜外阻滞复合异丙酚诱导全麻的脑电双频谱观察

目的 探讨罗哌卡因硬膜外阻滞对脑电双频谱(BIS)监测下异丙酚镇静以及麻醉诱导和维持需求量的影响. 方法 32例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级全麻复合硬膜外麻醉行上腹部手术患者,随机分为A组(对照组)和B组(罗哌卡因组),每组16例.T9～10硬膜外穿刺置管成功后连接BIS,硬膜外给药A组用0.9%的生理盐水,B组用0.15%的罗哌卡因,首次剂量10 ml,然后以5 ml/h持续硬膜外注射.以异丙酚3 mg/s开始诱导,记录患者镇静状态、麻醉诱导和维持的异丙酚用量. 结果 达到镇静状态所需异丙酚剂量B组为(0.65±0.08) mg/kg,A组为(0.89±0.09) mg/kg,组间差异显著(P＜0.05).B组异丙酚麻醉诱导剂量为(1.7±0.3) mg/kg,A组为(2.5±0.6) mg/kg,组间差异显著(P＜0.05).术中维持BIS值在40～50所需异丙酚的剂量B组为(2.3±0.8) mg/(kg·h),显著低于A组的(4.0±1.4) mg/(kg·h)(P＜0.05). 结论 全麻诱导前硬膜外罗哌卡因阻滞显著降低异丙酚镇静与麻醉诱导和维持的需求量.     

硬膜外阻滞复合无负荷量双异丙酚诱导在妇科腹腔镜手术中的应用

目的探讨在妇科腹腔镜手术复合硬膜外阻滞后无负荷双异丙酚泵控输入对诱导的影响。方法 60例妇科腹腔镜手术患者随机分为双异丙酚无负荷量组（A组,n=30）和双异丙酚有负荷量组（B组,n=30）,两组患者术前常规做硬膜外阻滞,待阻滞平面固定后,泵控输入双异丙酚直到患者意识消失。统计两组患者诱导前及意识消失时平均动脉血压（MAP）、心率（HR）、呼吸频率（RR）、脉搏血氧饱和度（SpO2）脑电双频指数（BIS）值和意识消失所用时间及双异丙酚用量,并加以比较分析。结果①两组患者诱导后意识消失时BIS值较诱导前明显降低（P〈0.05）,但诱导后两组间BIS值和诱导期双异丙酚用量差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。②A组血压（MAP）、心率（HP）、呼吸步率（RR）、脉搏血氧饱和度（SpO2）在诱导前后无显著改变,B组则明显降低,两组间差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论复合硬膜外阻滞后,无负荷量双异丙酚泵控输入诱导用于妇科腹腔镜手术镇静效果确切,对呼吸循环功能影响小,较负荷量双异丙酚快速诱导更适宜用于妇科腹腔镜手术。     

硬膜外阻滞麻醉对异丙酚的增强作用及对脑电监测可靠性的影响

目的　探讨硬膜外阻滞对异丙酚全麻诱导用量的影响及相应脑电监测参数的变化。方法　 30例择期行上腹部手术病人 ,随机分为硬膜外复合全麻组 (GE)和全麻组 (G) ,每组 15例。异丙酚输注通过TCI系统(Diprifusor)进行 ,以预期血浆药物浓度为靶控目标 ,最初设定目标血药浓度为 1.0 μg/mL ,以后每 3min递增0 .2μg/mL ,直至OAA/S(镇静 /醒觉评分 )从 5分 (清醒 )降至 1分 (对轻推无反应 )。每次调整目标血药浓度前行OAA/S评分 ,并记录即时的异丙酚预期效应室浓度 (ce)、BIS、AAI、MAP、HR和SPO2 。结果　OAA/S评分从 5分到 1分时所需异丙酚预期ceGE组较G组为低 ,在 1分水平时差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。AAI和BIS值随着镇静程度的加深逐渐下降 ,与OAA/S评分之间的相关性较好 ;在相同OAA/S评分水平时 ,两组的AAI和BIS值水平无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。AAI和BIS值与异丙酚预期ce之间呈直线负相关。结论　硬膜外阻滞可以增强异丙酚的镇静催眠作用 ,而数量化脑电参数AAI和BIS在此过程中仍能较准确地反映麻醉深度     

脑电双频指数反馈调控全麻复合硬膜外麻醉在老年腹部手术中的应用

目的研究脑电双频指数指导老年患者硬膜外阻滞复合全麻维持期镇静深度调控的有效性。方法择期老年上腹部手术病人40例,随机分为两组,每组20例,A组为异丙酚静脉全麻联合硬膜外阻滞,B组为异丙酚静脉全麻,两组均行双频谱指数（BIS）监测,使BIS值维持在50-60之间。记录麻醉诱导前（T1）、切皮时（T2）、术中探查时（T3）、手术结束时（T4）、拔管后15min（T5）的循环指标,麻醉药用量、平均拔管时间及术中知晓、术后躁动情况。结果两组患者诱导前和拔管后15min的收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）和心率（HR）变化组间比较差异无统计学意义,但切皮、术中探查时和手术结束时的SDP、DBP和HR两组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,麻醉药用量两组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,平均拔管时间两组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组患者均无术中知晓发生。结论通过脑电双频指数的指导,可以预防全麻复合硬膜外麻醉的术中知晓,减少异丙酚在老年腹部手术中的用量,从而提早苏醒时间,提高麻醉的安全性。     

椎管内阻滞对丙泊酚镇静剂量影响的临床研究

目的观察腰-硬联合阻滞对静脉注射丙泊酚镇静剂量的影响,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法将30例择期行下腹部手术患者分为腰-硬联合阻滞组（Ⅰ组）和全身麻醉组（Ⅱ组）,各15例。两组患者均行脑电双频谱麻醉深度（BIS）监测,Ⅰ组在腰-硬联合阻滞后20 min后开始静脉注射丙泊酚,Ⅱ组直接静脉注射丙泊酚,比较两组患者意识消失时丙泊酚的用量。结果意识消失时,Ⅰ组丙泊酚用量明显低于Ⅱ组（〈0.01）。两组泵注丙泊酚前和意识消失时BIS值差异均无统计学意义（均〉0.05）。Ⅰ组基础BIS值和腰-硬联合阻滞20min后BIS值差异无统计学意义（〉0.05）,意识消失时BIS值均要低于基础值和腰-硬联合阻滞20 min后（〈0.05）。结论椎管内阻滞能明显减少丙泊酚的镇静用量。     

右旋美托咪啶对全麻患者脑电双频谱指数及靶控输注异丙酚用量的影响

目的　观察新型α2 肾上腺素受体激动剂右旋美托咪啶对全麻患者脑电双频谱指数 (BIS)及靶控输注 (TCI)异丙酚用量的影响。方法　选择全麻下行甲状腺次全切除术的年轻患者 30例 (ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级 ) ,将其随机双盲分为两组 :D组 (n =15 ) :右旋美托咪啶 0 4 μg/kg,用生理盐水稀释成 5ml静脉泵注 (5min) ,C组 (对照 ,n=15 ) :生理盐水 5ml,方法同D组 ,监测其BIS ,HR ,MAP ,SpO2 。结果　①两组患者一般情况基本相同 ,麻醉前BIS分别为 92± 1和 90± 2 ;②D组给予右旋美托咪啶后BIS出现进一步下降 ,由 5 1± 2降至 4 2± 16 ,C组则仍为 5 1± 3,无明显变化。D组减少异丙酚的Ct值 ,由 (3 6± 0 5 ) μg/ml减少至 (2 8± 1 3) μg/ml,可使BIS恢复 ,C组维持不变 ;异丙酚的用量D组比C组减少 8%～ 14 % (P <0 0 5 ) ;③D组使用右旋美托咪啶后HR明显减慢 ,由 (78 2± 13 0 )次 /min减为 (6 4 4± 8 8)次 /min ;MAP无明显变化 ;④术后苏醒期D组患者呼吸恢复时间 ,睁眼时间及拔管时间与C组相似 (P >0 0 5 ) ,患者拔管时烦躁的现象明显减少。结论　右旋美托咪啶可产生明显镇静效应 ,能使BIS进一步降低 ,且减少术中靶控输注异丙酚的用量     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.