舌黏膜与颊黏膜或包皮拼接重建尿道治疗长段尿道狭窄

目的 探讨舌黏膜与颊黏膜或包皮拼接尿道成形治疗多节段或长段尿道狭窄的安全性和治疗效果.方法 尿道狭窄患者11例,年龄24～56岁,平均32岁.其中前尿道长段狭窄7例,狭窄长度10～15 cm,平均12 cm;尿道2～3处狭窄4例.病程6个月～8年.取舌黏膜条与颊黏膜条拼接尿道成形治疗7例,舌黏膜条与包皮瓣拼接尿道成形治疗4例.结果 11例手术顺利.1例舌黏膜与包皮拼接尿道成形患者术后3个月并发尿道外口狭窄,经手术矫正后排尿通畅,术后8个月最大尿流率27.5 ml/s.余10例排尿通畅、尿线粗,术后随访5～12个月,平均10个月,最大尿流率21～36 ml/s,平均26.8 ml/s.结论 舌黏膜与颊黏膜或包皮拼接尿道成形具有取材方便、患者创伤小的特占点,是治疗长段尿道律窄的较好术式.尤其适用于尿道多处狭窄者.     

颊黏膜尿道成形术治疗前尿道狭窄的临床分析

目的 探讨利用游离口腔颊黏膜尿道成形术治疗前尿道狭窄的疗效.方法 2011年6月至2012年12月采用颊黏膜腹侧扩大替代尿道成形术治疗25例前尿道狭窄,狭窄段长度为3.5～10 cm,平均5.74 cm.术前耻骨上膀胱造瘘16例,余9例术前最大尿流率2.4～7.6 mL/s,平均4.3 mL/s.结果 术后随访3～18个月,平均6.5个月.术后患者排尿通畅22例(88％),尿动力学检查显示最大尿流率为14～28mL/s,平均19.4 mL/s.3例(12％)吻合口处狭窄,经历尿道扩张后,排尿通畅.所有患者均无感染及尿道皮肤瘘发生,口腔颊黏膜移植物均成活.结论 口腔颊黏膜可作为较理想的尿道替代物,适合长段或多段狭窄的尿道修复.     

带蒂皮瓣在复杂性长段尿道闭锁中的应用

目的 探讨带蒂皮瓣在复杂性长段尿道闭锁中的应用. 方法 复杂性长段尿道闭锁患者18例,其中阴茎悬垂部尿道闭锁4例、前尿道完全闭锁7例、前后尿道均闭锁7例.尿道闭锁长度平均15.1(8.7～23.0)cm.伴尿道会阴瘘8例,后尿道直肠瘘7例,假道形成8例.病因:骨盆骨折伴后尿道狭窄术后7例,尿道膀胱内灌注化疗所致4例,球部尿道狭窄术后3例,淋病性尿道狭窄行尿道扩张术后2例,长期留置导尿管所致2例.经会阴切除闭锁尿道,修补直肠瘘;根据尿道缺损长度,应用带蒂皮瓣行一期尿道成形术. 结果 平均随访14(12～18)个月.术后3个月,15例排尿通畅,最大尿流率平均16.9(16.5～21.7)ml/s.1例皮管过长迂曲,排尿困难,切除多余皮管后排尿正常;1例尿道吻合口感染导致再狭窄,切除狭窄段,行尿道端端吻合术后排尿通畅;I例因血肿感染后尿瘘,行尿瘘修补术治愈.术后6个月,17例最大尿流率平均17.0(15.0～22.0)ml/s,1例真性尿失禁无法测定.术后9～18个月,17例最大尿流率平均17.5(15.8～22.5)ml/s. 结论 带蒂皮瓣一期尿道成形术可作为修复复杂性长段尿道闭锁的方法之一.     

结肠黏膜重建尿道治疗复杂性超长段尿道狭窄

目的:探讨结肠黏膜重建尿道治疗复杂性超长段尿道狭窄的应用价值与疗效.方法:对既往已有平均2.5次不成功的尿道修复史的35例患者,采用结肠黏膜一期尿道成形术,治疗其复杂性超长段尿道狭窄.所用结肠黏膜重建的尿道长10～20cm,平均14.6cm.术后分别行尿道造影,检测尿流率,部分患者行尿道镜检查.结果:患者术后随访3～60个月,平均28.5个月.31例术后排尿通畅,最大尿流率大于15 ml/s.1例因结肠黏膜新尿道与前列腺部尿道吻合区血供较差,术后继发尿道狭窄;1例在术后3个月并发尿道外口狭窄,经手术矫正后排尿通畅;2例分别在术后46,20个月时发生与重建尿道无关的球膜部尿道狭窄,采用口腔黏膜尿道成形术后排尿通畅.结论:利用结肠黏膜重建尿道治疗复杂性超长段尿道狭窄或闭锁,是一种可行而有效的方法,尤其是适合在较多常规方法治疗失败者.     

结肠粘膜重建尿道治疗复杂性尿道狭窄的探讨

目的 探讨结肠粘膜替代尿道治疗复杂性较长段尿道狭窄或闭锁的可能性。方法 采用结肠粘膜重建尿道一期尿道成形术治疗6例复杂性较长段尿道狭窄，患者术前有平均3次不成功的尿道修复史，用结肠粘膜重建的尿道长10－15cm，平均12.7cm。术后随访时分别行逆行尿道造影，尿道镜和尿流率检查。结果 术后随访3－14个月，平均7.8个月。1例在术后3个月并发尿道外口狭窄性，经手术矫正后排尿通畅，术后1年随访时最大尿流率28.7ml/s。余5例术后排尿通畅，最大尿流率大于15ml/s。术后6个月4例经尿道镜检查，肉眼较难将尿道的结肠粘膜与正常的尿道粘膜相区别。结论 结肠粘膜重建尿道治疗较长段尿道狭窄或闭锁是一种可行而有效的方法，适合阴茎皮肤或膀胱粘膜利用有困难时的尿道重建。     

前尿道代后尿道成形术治疗男性复杂性后尿道狭窄

目的探讨长段复杂性后尿道狭窄治疗新方法。方法采用分期前尿道代后尿道成形术治疗3例复杂性后尿道长段狭窄（6．5—10．0cm）患者。第一期行阴茎转位尿道端端吻合术，术后3—6个月行二期阴茎伸直、尿道会阴造口术，6个月后行第三期前尿道成形术（Johanson Ⅱ期尿道成形术）。结果例1术后排尿通畅，膀胱尿道造影检查示尿道通畅，双侧输尿管返流近消失，最大尿流率18．8ml／s，随访2年，最大尿流率18ml／s，无剩余尿。例2术后排尿通畅，最大尿流率19．5ml／s，无剩余尿，尿道扩张可顺利通过22F尿道探子。例3经会阴一耻骨联合径路行第一期阴茎转位尿道端端吻合术、尿道直肠瘘、尿道会阴瘘切除、修补术，术后尿道直肠瘘及尿道会阴瘘治愈，但因耻骨联合切口感染致吻合口狭窄，有待进一步治疗。结论分期前尿道代后尿道加前尿道重建方法是治疗男性长段复杂性尿道狭窄的有效方法。     

口腔内黏膜尿道成形治疗前尿道狭窄10年经验总结

目的 探讨口腔内黏膜尿道成形治疗尿道狭窄的长期效果. 方法 2001年1月至2010年12月,应用口腔内黏膜(颊黏膜和舌黏膜)尿道成形治疗前尿道狭窄255例.尿道狭窄段长度3 ～18 cm,平均6 cm.尿道成形采用保留原尿道板的扩大尿道成形术或埋藏黏膜条背侧替代尿道成形术.对49例尿道狭窄段≥8 cm者采取双侧颊黏膜拼接、颊粘膜与舌黏膜拼接或双侧连续长条舌黏膜尿道成形. 结果 术后随访8 ～120个月,平均37个月.230例患者排尿通畅,尿线粗,最大尿流率为16～51 ml/s,平均26 ml/s.尿道造影显示重建段尿道管腔通畅.总成功率90.2％.25例患者于术后1年内发生并发症,其中尿道再次狭窄17例,尿道皮肤瘘8例.17例尿道再狭窄患者中15例再次行口腔内黏膜尿道成形,2例吻合口狭窄行尿道内切开,术后排尿通畅;8例尿道皮肤瘘均接受尿瘘修补术后治愈. 结论 口腔颊黏膜和舌黏膜均是良好的尿道替代物,舌黏膜取材较颊黏膜更为便利;口腔内多种黏膜的组合移植重建尿道是治疗长段前尿道狭窄( ≥8 cm)的有效方法.     

阴囊纵隔血管蒂皮瓣尿道成形Ⅰ期治疗尿道下裂16例

目的 介绍阴囊纵隔皮瓣尿道成形术Ⅰ期修复尿道下裂的方法和体会。方法 于阴囊纵隔部设计以纵隔血管为蒂，宽1.5～2 cm，长等于尿道外口至冠状沟距离的皮瓣，切取后成形尿道，修复下裂。结果 本组16例皮瓣全部成活，成形尿道排尿通畅。术后3例出现尿漏，2例换药治疗后自行愈合，1例6个月后行瘘修补。随访6个月-2年，无尿瘘及尿道狭窄，阴茎功能及外形满意。结论 阴囊纵隔皮瓣尿道成形术是Ⅰ期治疗尿道下裂的良好方法。     

下唇黏膜或加颊黏膜与生殖器带蒂皮瓣联合修复复杂性长段前尿道狭窄

目的探讨下唇或加颊黏膜与生殖器带蒂皮瓣联合修复复杂性长段前尿道狭窄的疗效。方法 2010年8月至2013年8月我科收治因外伤、慢性炎症、尿道下裂术后引起的复杂性男性前尿道长段狭窄患者8例。狭窄段长度6.5~12cm,平均8.5cm,均为严重狭窄或闭锁。术中将狭窄段尿道完全切除,根据尿道缺损长短切取相应长度下唇黏膜,若下唇黏膜取材不足时加取颊黏膜,将游离黏膜固定于阴茎海绵体腹侧表面,取阴茎或联合阴囊腹侧纵行皮瓣,皮瓣侧方覆盖并与下唇或加颊黏膜缝合形成新尿道。结果术后随访6~30个月,平均20个月。7例患者排尿通畅,最大尿流率(Q_(max))18.2~34.5 ml/s,平均20.8 ml/s。1例术后1个月出现尿道外口狭窄,反复尿道扩张效果不理想,Q_(max)8.5 ml/s,术后3个月行尿道外口切开后排尿通畅,Q_(max)25.5ml/s。结论对于超长段、尿道严重狭窄甚至闭锁、尿道海绵体病变严重、阴茎皮肤缺损等复杂性尿道狭窄患者,采用下唇或加颊黏膜与生殖器带蒂皮瓣联合修复效果较好。     

小儿输尿管镜钬激光内切开术治疗男性尿道狭窄

目的探讨小儿输尿管镜钬激光内切开术治疗男性尿道狭窄的安全性及临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析2014年8月至2017年4月我院42例行经尿道小儿输尿管镜钬激光内切开术治疗的男性尿道狭窄患者病历资料,患者年龄23～72岁,平均43岁,其中膜部尿道狭窄18例,前列腺部尿道狭窄5例,前尿道狭窄19例;狭窄段长度：0.3～2.5 cm,平均（1.4±0.3）cm,其中2例狭窄段长度2.0～2.5 cm;38例术前行自由尿流率检查,最大尿流率（Qmax）2.5～7.8 ml/s,平均（4.5±1.2）ml/s;术后留置尿管4～6周,拔除尿管后常规行尿道扩张3～4次,每次间隔1周,定期复查尿流率。 结果42例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间30～70 min,平均（48±9）min,出血量少,无尿外渗、穿孔、感染等并发症,拔除尿管后排尿通畅。随访6～12个月,39例患者排尿通畅,最大尿流率明显改善,为12.6～22.5 ml/s,平均（16.3±3.7）ml/s,3例术后3个月尿线变细、尿流率下降行尿道扩张3～4次后排尿正常。 结论经尿道小儿输尿管镜钬激光内切开术治疗男性尿道狭窄安全、创伤小、并发症少,近期疗效满意。     

逆行复合尿道板皮瓣联合阴囊瓦合皮瓣尿道成形修复重度尿道下裂

目的：探讨一种新的对重度尿道下裂的修复方法.方法：应用逆行复合尿道板皮瓣联合阴囊瓦合皮瓣尿道成形修复重度尿道尿道下裂患者.结果：手术获得成功.术后12d拔除导尿管自行排尿,无尿瘘和尿道狭窄发生.结论：逆行复合尿道板皮瓣血运丰富,伸延性好,手术操作简单,联合阴囊瓦合皮瓣尿道成形术可一期完成尿道下裂修复,成形效果好,是一期修复重度尿道下裂的一种比较理想的术式.     

游离包皮瓣补片式尿道成形术治疗长段尿道狭窄

目的 :探讨游离包皮瓣补片式尿道成形术治疗长段尿道狭窄的疗效。　方法 :对 8例长段尿道狭窄病人行闭锁段后尿道切除和 /或切开狭窄段前尿道 ,切取相应长度和宽度的游离包皮瓣作补片式缝合 ,尿道内置多孔硅胶管。　结果 :术后 7例排尿通畅 ,1例经 2次尿道扩张后排尿正常。　结论 :游离包皮瓣补片式尿道成形术是治疗长段尿道狭窄的良好方法。     

Urethroplasty for refractory anterior urethral stricture.

PURPOSE: We present our results managing anterior urethral strictures previously treated with urethroplasty and/or urethrotomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During a 32-month period 69 males 10 to 76 years old (mean age 36) underwent treatment for anterior urethral stricture, including 32 (46%) and 26 (38%) previously treated with urethroplasty and urethrotomy, respectively. In 11 patients (16%) no previous procedures had been done. Anastomotic and dorsal patch urethroplasty was performed for bulbar stricture in 13 and 14 cases, respectively, while in 4 a penile skin flap was placed for penile stricture and in 38 a 2-stage procedure was done with urethral substitution using buccal mucosa or post-auricular skin grafts. Patients were followed with ascending urethrography at 3 weeks, and 12 and 18 months as well as with uroflowmetry. Symptoms were assessed for 6 months to 4 years. RESULTS: Only 1 stricture recurred in patients treated with anastomotic or patch urethroplasty, or a skin flap. Of the patients scheduled for a 2-stage procedure stage 1 revision was required due to graft scarring or stenosis at the urethrostomy site in 21% and stage 2 revision was required in 23%. Other complications in this series included fistula in 3% of cases, wound infection in 3% and post-void dribbling in 12%. CONCLUSIONS: Overall early results are good in our urethroplasty series in patients with a previously instrumented urethra. Patients should be advised of the possible need for multiple revisions of planned staged procedures. The increased rate of revision in these staged procedures compared with the excellent outcome of 1-stage procedures appears to be inherent in this operation in patients with multiple previous procedures rather than due to surgeon experience.     

ERECTILE FUNCTION AFTER ANTERIOR URETHROPLASTY

PURPOSE: We ascertained the impact of anterior urethroplasty on male sexual function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A validated questionnaire was mailed to 200 men who underwent anterior urethroplasty to evaluate postoperative sexual function. Questions addressed the change in erect penile length and angle, patient satisfaction with erection, preoperative and postoperative coital frequency, and change in erection noted by the sexual partner. Results were stratified by the urethral reconstruction method, namely anastomosis, buccal mucosal graft, penile flap and all others, and compared with those in a similar group of men who underwent circumcision only. RESULTS: Of the 200 men who underwent urethroplasty 152 who were 17 to 83 years old (mean age 45.7) completed the questionnaire. Average followup was 36 months (range 3 to 149). Overall there was a similar incidence of sexual problems after urethroplasty and circumcision. Penile skin flap urethroplasty was associated with a slightly higher incidence of impaired sexual function than other procedures (p >0.05). Men with a longer stricture were most likely to report major changes in erectile function and penile length (p <0.05) but improvement was evident with time in 61.8%. CONCLUSIONS: Overall anterior urethral reconstruction appears no more likely to cause long-term postoperative sexual dysfunction than circumcision. Men with a long stricture may be at increased risk for transient erectile changes.     

隧道法加阴囊旋转皮瓣修复尿道下裂

目的 探讨尿道下裂手术方法。方法 1992年-2000年对42例尿道下裂在一期术后的基础上,采用阴茎皮下隧道法,膀胱粘膜及阴囊正中皮瓣尿道成形,阴囊旋转皮瓣覆盖切口的手术,正位修复尿道下裂,结果 42例中1例术后7天发生尿瘘,3个月后再次采用阴囊旋转皮瓣修复后治愈,其余均手术成功,成功率为97.6%,无尿道狭窄等并发症发生。结论 隧道法加阴囊旋转皮瓣修复尿道下裂的手术方法成功率高,并发症少,值得临床推广使用。     

The penis transposed to the perineum with penile-prostatic anastomotic urethroplasty for the treatment of a long segment complex urethral strictures

BackgroundTo present our experience of transposing the penis to the perineum, with penile-prostatic anastomotic urethroplasty, for the treatment of complex bulbo-membranous urethral strictures.MethodsBetween January 2002 and December 2018, 20 patients with long segment urethral strictures (mean 8.6 cm, range 7.5 to 11 cm) and scarred perineoscrotal skin underwent a procedure of transposition of the penis to the perineum and the penile urethra was anastomosed to the prostatic urethra. Before admission 20 patients had unsuccessful repairs (mean 4.5, range 2 to 12); five patients were associated urethrorectal fistula; 16 patients reported severe penile erectile dysfunction (PED) or no penile erectile at any time and four reported partial erections.ResultsThe mean follow-up period was 45.9 (range 12 to 131) months. Nineteen patients could void normally with a mean Qmax of 22.48 (range 15.6 to 31.4) mL/s. One patient developed postoperative urethral stenosis. After 1 to 10 years of the procedure, nine patients underwent the second procedure. Of the nine patients, four underwent straightening the penis and one-stage anterior urethral reconstruction using a penile circular fasciocutaneous skin flap, and five underwent straightening the penis and staged Johanson urethroplasty. Seven patients could void normally, one developed urethrocutaneous fistula and one developed urethral stenosis.ConclusionsTransposition of the penis to the perineum with pendulous-prostatic anastomotic urethroplasty may be considered as a salvage option for patients with complex long segment posterior urethral strictures.     

The management of strictures of the membranous urethra

We present 40 cases of posterior urethral stricture resulting from pelvic fracture injury or prostatectomy. The strictures were managed according to various factors but most important were stricture length and the absence of pathological conditions in the anterior urethra. Post-traumatic obliterative strictures less than 2 cm. long can be managed with excellent success via a 1-stage perineal bulboprostatic anastomotic repair. Combined abdominoperineal procedures are equally successful but are reserved for patients in whom the stricture is more than 2 cm. long or who have an associated bladder neck pathological condition. When associated anterior urethral disease mitigates against mobilization and extension of the urethra to accomplish an anastomotic repair, the vascularized island flap or 2-stage scrotal inlay procedure appears to be the optimal choice. Of 3 failures with full thickness skin grafts 2 may have been owing to suboptimal graft beds in the scarred pelvic floor and perineum. Direct vision urethrotomy is advocated for nonobliterative posttraumatic strictures, and the rationale for dilation rather than urethroplasty management of postprostatectomy strictures is presented.     

尿道下裂术后尿道狭窄在青春期后的处理经验(附71例报告)

目的:探讨尿道下裂术后尿道狭窄在青春期后的处理经验。方法:回顾性分析2015年1月至2019年12月上海交通大学附属第六人民医院收治的71例青春期后就诊的尿道下裂术后尿道狭窄患者的临床资料。年龄平均27.7(12～65)岁;病程平均33.4(1～240)个月。既往手术次数平均2.5(1～9)次;尿道异位开口32例,其中...