血液粘滞性在血型方面的特异性表现

血液粘滞性是血液流变学的一个重要组成部分。由于血液流变学在医学上有着重要的意义，所以，人们愈来愈重视对血液粘滞性的研究。但是，对于血液粘滞性与ＡＢＯ血型间是否存在着一定的联系这一问题，目前，尚无人进行全面系统的研究。本文根据各方面的资料，从血液流变学角度论证了以血液粘滞诸因素为变量的血液粘滞性与ＡＢＯ血型具有相关性，即血液粘滞诸因素在不同血型中的表现是不同的。笔者认为，对这一问题的研究，不仅对疾病的预防、诊断及治疗有着十分重要的意义，而且还是血液流变遗传学这一新学科的补充与完善。为此，笔者在文中提出了对这一问题的研究方向及展望。     

血液粘性在血型方面的特异性表现

血液粘滞性是血液流变学的一个重要组成部分。由于血液流湾学在医学上有着重要的意义，所以，人们愈来愈重视对血液粘滞性的研究。但是，对于血液粘滞性与ＡＢＯ血型是否存在着一定的联系这一问题，目前，尚无人进行全面系统的研究。本文根据各方面的资料，从血液流变角度论证了以血液粘滞诸因素为变量的血液粘滞性与ＡＢＯ血型具有相关性，即血液粘滞诸因素在不同血型中的表现是不同的。笔者认为，对这一总理２的研究，不仅对疾病的     

158例健康成人血液流变学八项指标调查分析

血液流变学 (Ｈｅｍｏｒｈｅｏｌｏｇｙ)是研究血液的流动性、变形性、粘滞性、凝固性及其对流量 ,即组织和器官的血液供给之影响规律的一门新兴边缘性科学。近年来在我国医学中得到迅速发展 ,在临床中的应用日趋广泛。血液流变学的变化是一些心脑血管疾病、血液系统疾病和代谢性疾病形成过程中重要的病理机制 ,对于这些疾病的诊断与治疗均有重要意义。故正常人的血液流变学研究和正常参考值的测定 ,对于血液流变学在临床医学中的应用有着非常重要的意义。　　由于各地区气候、海拔高度和饮食习惯等因素影响血液中的有形成分红细胞压积 ,所…     

血液粘滞性、微循环检测在气血病证研究中的意义

本研究对气血不同病证患者血液粘滞性、甲襞微循环的检测,发现气血两虚证循环血液处于低粘滞状态,气虚血瘀与气滞血瘀则处于高粘滞状态;在血瘀证患者中随气病的不同,其血液浓、粘、聚不同倾向又呈有规律变化。气虚血瘀倾向高粘,气滞血瘀倾向高浓、高聚。反映气血病变的病理基础与血液流变性异常及微循环障碍密切相关,提示甲襞微循环、血液粘滞性的检测有助于深入认识气血病证的病理生理过程,为气血常见病证的临床诊断提供了客观指标。     

血液高粘滞综合征的危害初探

从三个方面论述了血液高粘滞综合征对健康的危害。结论认为血液高粘滞是造成微循环障碍的关键因素,是造成动脉粥样硬化的重要因素,是造成心梗脑梗等缺血性疾病的危险因素。最后指出血液高粘滞综合征对健康的危害是个极为复杂的课题,有待广大血液流变学,尤其临床医学与相关学科工作者共同努力, 才有望获得解决。     

227例血液高粘滞综合征流变学分析

本文报道227例血液高粘滞综合征(简称高粘征)患者9个流变学指标(ηb、ηre、Hct、EET、PET、ηp、ESR、Kesr、IR)的检测结果。提示,与正常对照组差异有显著性意义。并将其流变学变化分为血液粘度增高等五型;认为高粘征的血液粘滞因素分别是血液粘度、红细胞变形性和红细胞压积。     

脑梗死患者血液黏滞度变化相关因素探讨

目的探讨脑梗死血液流变学变化的规律及临床意义.方法通过测定100例脑梗死血液流变学指标和血脂水平,并进行临床多项相关因素分析.结果脑梗死血液黏滞度升高.男性,发病3d以内,多次脑梗死,合并糖尿病或慢阻肺时血液粘滞度升高.结论脑梗死血液粘滞度升高程度与临床多种因素有关.     

椎-基底动脉供血不足患者血小板参数及血液流变性的检测分析

目的:观察椎-基底动脉供血不足患者血小板参数及血液流变学指标变化及其意义。方法:使用全自动血液分析仪和全自动血液流变仪对160例椎-基底动脉供血不足患者(VBI组)和160例健康体检者(对照组)检测其血小板参数及血液流变学指标。结果:VBI组与对照组比较,血小板数量下降,平均血小板体积增大;全血粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、血沉均有不同程度增高,全血呈高粘滞状态。结论:血小板功能亢进及血液的高粘滞状态在椎-基底动脉供血不足的发生发展中起着重要作用,是该疾病诊治的有用指标。     

522例冠心病人血液流变学改变及其与衰老的关系

本文以冠心病为例分析青壮年期与老年前期、老年期人群522例的血液流变学改变特点。发现随增龄血液流变学各项指标升高。因此认为冠心病的发生是机体综合衰老过程中心血管与血液系统衰老的表现,危险因素只起促进作用。因此冠心病是一种衰老性疾病。本文证明:老年前期是血液粘滞性和凝固性由正常转变为异常的重要时期,也是发生冠心病的重要时期。延缓和防止机体综合衰老和心血管、血液系统的衰老是预防冠心病的重要措施。血液流变学疗法也是抗衰老和防治冠心病的有效方法。     

高血压与脑血管梗塞病人血液流变学与脑血液动力学的相关性研究

脑血液动力学与血液流变学的相关性研究对于脑血管疾病的诊断治疗具有重要的意义。本研究通过对高血压、脑血管梗塞及其他非心脑血管病病人的血液流变学与脑血液动力学指标相关性分析表明,脑血液动力学参数受红细胞压积的影响最大,且与全血高切粘度、血浆粘度、全血低切粘度、红细胞聚集指数、血沉等血液流变学指标也有明显的相关性。红细胞压积对脑血液动力学诸参数影响大小的程度依次为动脉舒张压、血管扩张度、脑血管外周阻力、临界压力、脑动脉脉搏波波速。脑血液动力学与血夜流变学两组指标相比,脑血液动力学指标在反映高血压与脑血管梗塞的病理性变化方面更为明显。     

Personality traits of aggression-submissiveness and perfectionism associate with ABO blood groups through catecholamine activities

Personality trait research has shown associations with many genes, prominently those of the catecholamine metabolism such as dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA). Because DBH gene is in linkage disequilibrium with ABO gene, there is reason to think that other catecholamine genes using the same substrate as DBH may also have associations with ABO blood groups, and this paper demonstrates how this may be so. Reasons include similarities in hapmap population frequency distributions, similarities in illness risks between ABO blood groups and DBH activities as well as between ABO blood groups and COMT activities and between ABO blood groups and MAOA activities. If ABO blood groups can be demonstrated to associate with all these catecholamine genes, then the catecholamine personality trait research can be applied to ABO blood groups and tested for confirmation. ABO blood typing is widely available and affords ability to test this hypothesis and thus confirm the possible joint association of personality traits of aggression-submissiveness and perfectionism to catecholamine genes and to ABO blood groups. Clinical applications and implications are discussed.     

Blood and plasma viscosity in experimentally induced hyper- and hypo-fibrinogenaemia

For some time now fibrinogen has been attributed considerable importance in influencing blood and plasma viscosity. This paper attempts to experimentally confirm this statement in vivo: two groups of arteriopathic patients were selected for investigating viscosity in hyper- and hypo-fibrinogenaemia induced by PTA and a cycle of fibrinolytic treatment with urokinase respectively. Although fibrinogenaemia exhibited highly significant changes under such conditions, there was no important change in viscosity. Probably the role of fibrinogen in influencing viscosity has been overestimated in the past and it is likely that there are other more important factors.     

Population genetics of the ABO locus within the rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus (M. fascicularis) macaque hybrid zone

Knowledge of the macaque ABO blood group system has been critical in the development of nonhuman primates (NHPs) as a translational model. Serving not only as a useful homologue of the disease‐linked ABO system in humans, macaque ABO blood groups must be typed in colonies prior to performing experimental procedures requiring blood transfusion or transplantation. While the rates of blood type incompatibility and the distributions of A, B and AB blood groups are known in large samples of rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus (M. fascicularis) macaques, there is a dearth of blood type data from macaque populations occupying the rhesus‐cynomolgus hybrid zone in Southeast Asia. Using molecular phenotyping, we profiled ABO blood group distributions of 232 macaques from 10 populations in the hybrid zone and compared them to pure blood populations of the two species. We found that while these distributions are significantly different in most populations, there was a lack of differentiation between the hybrid and cynomolgus macaques as well as between the Thai and neighbouring populations. This supports a more expansive model of hybridization between rhesus and cynomolgus macaques than often proposed and highlights the increased need for consideration of population genetic structure in biomedical studies that employ macaques as animal models. Additionally, we report an enrichment of indeterminate blood types in the hybrid populations.     

高渗盐溶液治疗对烧冲复合伤后血液流变学的作用

为了观察烧冲复合伤后高渗溶液治疗对血液流变学的作用及可能机制，观察了致伤后的血浆和全血粘度，全血还原粘度的变化，同时用微管吸吮法观测了大鼠烧伤后高渗盐溶液治疗对红细胞膜粘弹性的影响。结果显示，伤后致伤对照全血粘度和还原粘度均明显迅速升高，血浆粘度在２４ｈ时也明显增加；烧伤后大鼠红细胞粘性系数和弹性模量都非常显著地升高；     

Human antibody responses to bovine (Newbury‐2) norovirus (GIII.2) and association to histo‐blood group antigens

Serum antibodies to bovine norovirus have been found recently in about 22% of humans. Whether this prevalence reflects limited virulence properties of the virus or that inherited host factors provide protection against bovine norovirus infection in humans remains to be established. To investigate whether histo‐blood group antigens correlate with the presence of bovine norovirus (GIII.2) antibody, plasma (n = 105) from Swedish blood donors, genotyped and phenotyped for secretor, Lewis and ABO, were tested and compared for the frequency of IgG antibody and antibody titer to Bo/Newbury2/76/UK. In total, 26.7% (28/105) of Swedish blood donors were antibody‐positive. Two non‐secretors (2/21, 9.5%) were antibody‐positive compared with 26/84 (31%) secretors (P = 0.047). While no statistically significant correlation was found between the frequency of antibodies to bovine norovirus and different ABO blood groups, individuals with blood type B presented the highest frequency of antibodies (37.5%) compared with 0–30% among other blood groups. Individuals with Le(a?b+) had not only higher frequency of antibodies (31.3%) compared with Le(a+b?) (11%) (P = 0.068) but also higher antibody titer (P = 0.085) although this was not significant statistically. No detectable cross‐reaction between bovine GIII.2 and human GII.3 NoV VLP was found with human and animal sera. The results of this study suggest that bovine norovirus infections occur in Sweden and that secretor status but not ABO blood groups is a possible risk factor for infection. J. Med. Virol. 82: 1241–1246, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Relations between serum pepsinogen levels, pepsinogen phenotypes, ABO blood groups, age and sex in blood donors

Serum pepsinogen A (pepsinogen I) levels and urinary pepsinogen A phenotypes were studied in relation to ABO blood group, age and sex in 700 healthy blood donors. There was no relation between urinary pepsinogen A phenotypes and serum pepsinogen A levels. It is concluded that serum PGA levels and PGA phenotypes are independent factors in predisposition to gastroduodenal disorders. Serum pepsinogen A levels were higher in males than in females and rose with increasing age. The ABO blood groups were not related to pepsinogen A phenotypes. Blood group O individuals showed higher serum pepsinogen A levels compared with blood group A. Pepsinogen A phenotypes with intensity of fraction 5 were more frequent in males compared with females.     

ABO血型不合对HLA相合异基因外周血干细胞移植的影响

目的在非血缘移植比例增加、移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）发生率增加、免疫抑制剂用量加大的情况下,分析ABO血型不合对HLA相合异基因外周血干细胞移植（allo-BPSCT）的影响。方法将43例ABO血型不合的allo-PBSCT患者与同期49例ABO血型相合的受者进行比较。结果 ABO血型不合组与相合组输注红细胞量分别为（7.73±7.61）u和（4.33±3.24）u（P=0.040）,ABO血型不合组与相合组血红蛋白恢复到100g/L的时间分别为（54.08±45.24）d和（32.46±16.95）d（P=0.009）。ABO血型不合组较相合组红细胞输注量多,红系恢复时间长。两组间移植相关并发症差异无统计学意义。结论 ABO血型不合不影响造血干细胞移植的植活、主要合并症及预后。ABO血型不合组较相合组红细胞输注量多,红系恢复较慢。     

Reassessment of ABO blood group, sex, and age on laboratory parameters used to diagnose von Willebrand disorder: potential influence on the diagnosis vs the potential association with risk of thrombosis

We reassessed the influence of ABO blood group, sex, and age on plasma levels of von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen, vWF:ristocetin cofactor, vWF:collagen binding assay, and factor VIII coagulant (FVIII:C). Data show that levels of vWF and FVIII:C increase with increasing age (P < .001 for all parameters) and that the ABO blood group influences plasma levels such that O group levels are significantly less than non-O group levels. There was no significant association with sex and Rh status. The selection of normal ranges based on ABO blood groups may influence the clinical diagnosis of von Willebrand disease (vWD) but might not be clinically relevant or help identify people at increased risk of bleeding. Differences in ABO-related ranges were more extensive at the high end of the ranges. This is of particular interest because high levels of vWF and FVIII are associated with thrombosis risk, and an ABO relationship also has been described. O group individuals may or may not be at greater risk for bleeding (they have lower levels of vWF and FVIII:C) and are more likely to be diagnosed with vWD. It also is possible that O group status may be protective for thrombosis.     

Echinocytes in the blood of hyperproteinaemic mice with proteinuria. Is the effect of such cells on blood viscosity the cause of the proteinuria?

Early studies in this series failed to obtain evidence for the cause of hyperproteinaemic proteinuria although it was speculated that blood viscosity, increased because of high plasma protein levels, might play a significant role. As we had no means of measuring blood viscosity it was decided to investigate the effects of reducing blood viscosity in a small number of mice made anaemic before subjecting them to albumin overload. All but one of the mice given injections i.p. of 250 mg HSA on 2 successive days developed proteinuria within 24 h of the first injection. This result seemed to show that altered blood viscosity was not a factor in the mechanism of the hyperproteinaemic proteinuria. However, it has been shown that changes in the red cell environment can lead to red cell deformation resulting in an increase in blood viscosity. To check on this possibility another small group of mice were injected with HSA as previously. On the morning after their second injection the mice were bled by percutaneous heart puncture and the blood was examined by scanning electron microscopy. This showed that a vast preponderance of red cells, probably more than 95%, were echinocytes. Although no measurements of blood viscosity were made, it can be speculated that hyperproteinaemic proteinuria is caused by the intraglomerular effects of blood with increased viscosity (because of the red cell transformation) being made more viscous by glomerular filtration. Enhanced protein filtration would occur because of the increase in glomerular pressure needed to restore flow of viscous blood at the efferent arteriole.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

A rapid long PCR-direct sequencing analysis for ABO genotyping

ABO is the most clinically important blood group system in transfusion and transplantation medicine. The popular ABO genotyping methods, such as the sequencing of exons 6 and 7 and sequence-specific primer (SSP)-PCR, often lead to ambiguous typing results. Long PCR-sequencing method was designed to analyze two regulatory regions (promoter and CBF/NF-Y enhancer regions) and all genomic sequences (except for intron 1) of the ABO gene. Using rapid DNA polymerase with high-fidelity, we amplified 6.3 kb and 7.3 kb for sequencing of enhancer-exon 1 and exons 2-7, respectively. ABO genotyping was performed using this technique in the peripheral blood of three unrelated families. The time requirements of the PCR amplification and purification processes were about 2.0 hours and 15 minutes, respectively. Five different ABO alleles (ABO A102, ABO A105, ABO O01, ABO O02, and ABO B101) with allele-specific CBF/NF-Y minisatellite repeats from three families were analyzed. All genotyping results agreed with serologic findings and results expected by Mendelian inheritance. Compared to conventional PCR-direct sequencing for ABO genotyping, this method proves simple and fast for the analysis of ABO genotypes. Therefore, it might be valuable in clinical transfusion or forensic applications.