PCR-SSP法进行HLA分型的影响因素分析

日曲：探讨DNA模板质量、DNA聚合酶(Taq)用量对人类白细胞抗原(HLA)分型结果的影响，从而确定PCR一序列特异性引物(PCR-SSP)技术的更加优化的扩增体系。方法：采用PCR-序列特异性引物(PCR-SSP)的方法，对山西地区14400名骨髓供的血样进行了人类白细胞抗原(HLA)基因分型，回顾性分析DNA模板的纯度、DNA用量、DNA聚合酶(Taq)酶用量对HLA分型结果的影响。结果：每个PCR反应的DNA模板量在30ng～50ng之间时PCR扩增效果最优；每个PCR反应所用Taq酶为0．23U时PCR扩增效果最优。结论：DNA模板量和Taq酶用量是使用PCR-SSP技术进行HLA分型的主要影响因素；模板DNA的纯度对实验结果影响不大。     

正交设计优化HBV基因分型PCR反应体系的研究

目的:探索HBV基因分型PCR反应体系的优化方法。方法:利用正交设计,从Taq DNA聚合酶、模板DNA、dNTP、引物、Mg~(2+)5种因素,对HBV基因分型PCR反应体系进行优化分析。结果:各因素的不同组合对PCR结果有显著影响,本实验仅用16次试验就得到了可很好进行PCR扩增的几种不同的条件组合。结论:正交设计是一种切实可行、快速、经济的PCR反应体系优化方法。     

正交设计优化半夏相关序列扩增多态性-聚合酶链式反应体系

目的 采用正交设计优化半夏SRAP - PCR的反应体系.方法 以半夏基因组DNA为模板,应用L16 (45)正交表,研究了Taq酶、Mg2+、随机引物、dNTPs和模板DNA 5种SRAP反应组分浓度变化对扩增结果的影响.结果 优化反应体系为:25μL反应体系中含有buffer2.5μL、Taq酶1.0U、Mg2+2...     

随机扩增多态性DNA分型法用于酵母菌基因分型

目的研究酵母菌随机扩增多态性DNA分型法(RAPD)的最佳实验条件.方法在改变引物、Mg2+、模板浓度、Taq多聚酶用量等不同条件下,采用RAPD法对酵母菌进行基因分型.结果经优化后的RAPD方法能清晰地对酵母菌进行基因分型.结论RAPD是从分子水平对酵母菌感染进行病原学、流行病学研究的一种快速、可靠的分子生物学分型方法.     

金银花nrDNA ITS区聚合酶链反应条件的研究

目的:金银花nrDNA ITS区序列G C含量为68%,用常规的PCR方法扩增效果差.本研究通过改变扩增程序及使用改性剂的方法显著提高了金银花nrDNA ITS区的扩增效率.方法:分别从金银花叶及药材中提取总DNA,通过优化扩增条件,对nrDNA ITS区进行扩增,并比较了两种优化方法的差别及适应性.方法1:提高变性温度至97℃;方法2:添加混合改性剂(DMSO 4%-甘油10%).结果:与方法1相比,方法2可降低变性温度5 ℃,升高退火温度9 ℃,降低镁离子浓度至0.5 mmol/L,降低Taq DNA聚合酶用量至0.1 U(30 μl体系),PCR产物量显著提高,且可消除植物DNA粗提物中杂质的干扰.结论:通过提高退火温度及添加改性剂可克服高G C含量金银花nrDNA ITS区序列扩增的困难,该方法的建立有助于解决植物来源DNA模板的PCR扩增问题.     

自建两轮PCR法对低载量HBV DNA S区基因的扩增及实验条件优化

目的 探究低载量HBV DNA S区基因扩增的可行性并对实验条件进行优化,为隐匿性HBV感染(OBI)患者HBV DNA S区基因突变检测提供依据.方法 采用传统巢式PCR和自建两轮PCR方法扩增6例低HBV DNA载量(100～200 IU/mL)和22例更低HBV DNA载量(20～99 IU/mL)的血清样本中HBV DNA S区基因,并对引物序列、引物量、PCR产物模板稀释倍数、退火温度、PCR反应循环数、PCR总反应体系等条件进行优化.PCR扩增产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳后,切割目的条带凝胶进行克隆测序,然后对克隆测序结果进行核酸序列BLAST比对确认.结果 设计3对巢式PCR引物(P1～P3),扩增产物理论上包含整个HBV DNA S区基因.经过PCR扩增条件优化后,6例低HBV DNA载量的血清样本中仅2例经巢式PCR扩增出HBV DNA S区基因特异性靶序列,22例更低HBV DNA载量样本无一例扩增成功.自建两轮PCR法设计了P4～P15共12对引物,扩增产物理论上包含整个HBV DNA S区基因.经过PCR扩增条件优化并筛选出P13为最佳引物后,6例低HBV DNA载量的血清样本全部扩增出HBV DNA S区基因特异性靶序列;15例(15/22,68.18％)更低HBV DNA载量的样本扩增出HBV DNA S区基因特异性靶序列,经PCR产物克隆测序均证实为HBV DNA S区基因,该15例样本中HBV DNA载量最低为20.1 IU/mL.结论 基于引物P13自建的两轮PCR法更适用于低载量HBV DNA S区基因的扩增,扩增效率和特异性均优于传统巢式PCR;扩增产物可进一步应用于OBI者HBV DNA S区基因序列突变分析.     

采用均匀设计法优化PCR复合扩增的实验研究

目的探索均匀设计法在优化PCR复合扩增条件中的应用.方法采用均匀设计方法 ,对影响PCR扩增体系的MgCl2、dNTP、模板DNA和扩增循环次数等因素进行了U6(64)优化.结果获得5个条带清晰的目的 DNA扩增产物,建立了适用于5个Y-SNP位点(M130、M175、M174、M231、M45)的复合扩增反应体系.结论该优化复合扩增体系可用于法医物证学实验研究.     

SELEX筛选LPS寡核苷酸适配子方法的建立

目的 建立SELEX筛选LPS的适配子方法,为后续大规模筛选奠定基础.方法 在成功构建含40个随机序列的单链DNA(ssDNA)文库的基础上,优化了扩增为双链DNA(dsDNA)文库的PCR反应条件;同时对液相筛选与固液相筛选两种方法进行比较,确定最优的筛选方法并进行4轮筛选.结果 确定了扩增为双链DNA(dsDNA)文库的PCR反应的最佳条件,采用液相筛选方法经过4轮筛选,随机单链DNA(ssDNA)文库与内毒素(LPS)的结合率明显上升,CPM值与初始库相比差异有统计学意义.结论 建立了SELEX筛选LPS寡核苷酸适配子的筛选方法.     

小鼠RAPD-PCR反应体系及扩增程序的筛选

目的:筛选优化小鼠RAPD-PCR反应体系及扩增程序.方法:以40条引物对9个品系的小鼠基因组DNA在各种不同条件下进行RAPD-PCR,分析比较扩增结果.结果:在下列反应体系及扩增程序下结果较好:在25 μl的反应体系中含有10×buffer 2.5 μl,dNTP 200μmol/L, Mg2+ 2.5 mmol/L,引物0.2 μmol/L,Taq酶1.5 U,模板DNA 20 ng,扩增程序为94℃变性1 min,38℃退火1 min,72℃延伸2 min,40个循环后接10 min延伸.结论:以上述反应体系及扩增程序进行小鼠RAPD-PCR,扩增结果稳定.     

IRS-PCR对重症监护病房患者标本分离鲍曼不动杆菌的分型研究

目的运用稀有限制区多聚酶链式反应(infrequent-restriction-site polymerase chain reaction,IRS-PCR)对鲍曼不动杆菌进行基因分型.方法通过PCR扩增稀有限制区旁的DNA序列,对15株鲍曼不动杆菌进行分型,并与药敏结果和生物学分型进行比较.结果用IRS-PCR方法将鲍曼不动杆菌分为5种基因型,生物学分型有3种,抗生素表型有4种.结论IRS-PCR分型方法敏感性强,分辨力高,重复性好,易操作,值得推广.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.