Ten-year experience with transcatheter and surgical aortic valve replacement in Finland

Aim: We investigated the outcomes of transcatheter (TAVR) and surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in Finland during the last decade.

Methods: The nationwide FinnValve registry included data from 6463 patients who underwent TAVR or SAVR with a bioprosthesis for aortic stenosis from 2008 to 2017.

Results: The annual number of treated patients increased three-fold during the study period. Thirty-day mortality declined from 4.8% to 1.2% for TAVR (p?=?.011) and from 4.1% to 1.8% for SAVR (p?=?.048). Two-year survival improved from 71.4% to 83.9% for TAVR (p?<?.001) and from 87.2% to 91.6% for SAVR (p?=?.006). During the study period, a significant reduction in moderate-to-severe paravalvular regurgitation was observed among TAVR patients and a reduction of the rate of acute kidney injury was observed among both SAVR and TAVR patients. Similarly, the rate of red blood cell transfusion and severe bleeding decreased significantly among SAVR and TAVR patients. Hospital stay declined from 10.4?±?8.4 to 3.7?±?3.4 days after TAVR (p?<?.001) and from 9.0?±?5.9 to 7.8?±?5.1 days after SAVR (p?<?.001).

Conclusions: In Finland, the introduction of TAVR has led to an increase in the invasive treatment of severe aortic stenosis, which was accompanied by improved early outcomes after both SAVR and TAVR.

Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03385915

• Key Messages

• This study demonstrated that the introduction of transcatheter aortic valve replacement has led to its widespread use as an invasive treatment for severe aortic stenosis.

• Early and 2-year survival after transcatheter and surgical aortic valve replacement has improved during past decade.

• Transcatheter aortic valve replacement has fulfilled its previously unmet clinical needs and has surpassed surgical aortic valve replacement as the most common invasive treatment for aortic stenosis.

     

First experience with transcatheter aortic valve implantation and concomitant percutaneous coronary intervention

Objectives  

We investigated our experience with combined transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as an alternative strategy in high-risk patients.     

经导管主动脉瓣置入术治疗重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者的护理

目的探讨经导管主动脉瓣植入术治疗主动脉瓣重度狭窄患者的术后护理体会。方法对7例主动脉瓣重度狭窄的患者在经导管主动脉瓣植入术后进行有效、正确的护理。结果 7例患者中,6例预后良好。结论临床中经导管主动脉瓣植入术治疗主动脉瓣重度狭窄患者值得推荐,术后有效、正确的护理是确保手术成功的关键。     

Adjuncts to transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Introduction: The appreciable rise in percutaneous valve procedures has been pursued by a wave of development in advanced technology to help guide straightforward, streamlined and safe intervention. This review article aims to highlight the adjunctive devices, tools and techniques currently used in transcatheter aortic valve implantation procedures to avoid potential pitfalls.

Areas covered: The software and devices featured here are at the forefront of technological advances, most of which are not yet in widespread use. These products have been discussed in national and international structural intervention conferences and the authors felt it important to showcase particularly well designed adjuncts that improve procedural efficacy and safety. Whilst vascular pre-closure systems are used routinely and are an integral part of these complex cardiovascular procedures, these have been well summarised elsewhere and are beyond the scope of this article.

Expert commentary: The rising volume of patients with aortic stenosis who are treatable with TAVI means that this exponential increase in procedures must be accompanied by a steady decline in procedural complications. This section provides an overview of our current perspective, and what we feel the direction of travel will be.     

基于单中心经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗主动脉瓣狭窄初步临床疗效分析

目的:探讨经导管主动脉瓣置换术(transcatheter aortic valve replacement,TAVR)治疗主动脉瓣狭窄患者的安全性和有效性。方法:连续入选本中心前40例行TAVR的主动脉瓣狭窄患者。观察终点指标包括手术成功率、并发症、术后30d随访结果等。结果:患者男性27例,女性13例;年龄67~87岁,平均年龄(78.3±5.0)岁。手术成功率100%;与术前相比,术后患者平均主动脉瓣跨瓣压差明显下降[(10.77±3.90)mmHg vs(61.80±18.62)mmHg,P0.001],平均瓣口面积增加[(1.80±0.24)cm~2 vs(0.65±0.17)cm~2,P0.001],美国纽约心脏病学会(NYHA)心功能分级改善(1.80±0.62 vs2.95±0.75,P0.001)。术后1d发生瓣周漏13例(12例轻度、1例中度),急性右冠状动脉堵塞1例,瓣膜脱落及脑梗死1例,顽固性心包积液、心包填塞1例。术后30d死亡1例(2.5%),因心脏传导异常置入永久性心脏起搏器4例(10%)。结论:单中心、前40例TAVR结果显示,TAVR对我国外科手术禁忌或高危的主动脉瓣狭窄患者有较好的安全性及有效性。     

经心尖途径经导管主动脉瓣置换术救治单纯性主动脉瓣重度反流1例

目的 探讨经心尖途径经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗单纯性主动脉瓣关闭不全的可行性.方法 回顾性分析2016年9月8日浙江大学医学院附属第二医院心脏中心开展的浙江省首例经心尖途径经导管主动脉瓣置换术的术前评估、术中操作以及患者术后情况.结果 患者严格进行术前评估,术中行全身麻醉、气管插管,透视下定位后第五肋间小切口进胸,打开心包,选择心尖裸区预置荷包,穿刺后导入超滑泥鳅导丝跨过主动脉瓣到达降主动脉,导入J-Valve输送系统逐步释放,经食道超声心动图评估主动脉瓣反流从术前的大量到瓣膜释放后无反流,撤出瓣膜输送系统,手术成功结束.术后患者症状明显缓解,出现Ⅰ度房室传导阻滞,未发生死亡、心肌梗死、心包填塞、动脉夹层等并发症.结论 经心尖途径经导管主动脉瓣置换术是安全可行的,患者的远期预后还有待进一步观察.     

超声心动图用于心尖入路经导管主动脉瓣植入术

目的 评价超声心动图用于心尖入路经导管主动脉瓣植入术(TAVI)的价值.方法 纳入23例接受J-Valve TAVI的主动脉瓣疾病患者,根据主要疾病,将其中20例非重度主动脉瓣狭窄(AS)合并中度以上主动脉瓣反流(AR)者分为AS组(n=10)及AR组(n=10).术前行经胸超声心动图(TTE),术中全程以经食管超声心...     

Vascular access in transcatheter aortic valve implantation

The positive early experiences with TAVI however, revealed that vascular access remains a hindrance to broader application and success of the procedure. This article will review the most common vascular routes used to deliver transcatheter aortic valves, and describe a new technique via the right axillary/subclavian artery approach.     

Another step in transcatheter aortic valve implantation: A challenging transcatheter aortic valve implantation procedure in patient with severe peripheral arterial disease

Approximately 25% of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation presents significant peripheral arterial disease. The purpose of this case report was to present a feasible approach for transcatheter heart valve in a patient with peripheral arterial disease where the presence of a subclavian stent jutting in the aortic arch made the delivery system passage a challenging procedure.     

Renal dysfunction and transcatheter aortic valve implantation outcomes

Introduction: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) underwent progressive improvements until it became the default therapy for inoperable patients, and a recommended therapy in high-risk operable patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis. Recent evidence will further support TAVI as treatment for a growing number of patients.

Areas covered: This review will discuss on the current knowledge about the role of both pre-procedural chronic kidney disease (CKD) and post-procedural acute kidney injury (AKI) in adult patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing TAVI.

Expert commentary: Pre-procedural CKD is one of the most frequent comorbidities of TAVI patients and has been found to significantly worsen patients’ prognosis at short and long-term follow-up. Similarly, post-procedural AKI is a frequent and relevant complication associated with increased mortality. The risk stratification of the patient, the prevention of complications and the appropriate post-procedural management are the main focus of the future research aimed at further improving clinical outcomes of TAVI patients.     

多层螺旋CT在经导管主动脉瓣植入术中的应用

近年来,经导管主动脉瓣植入术（TAVI）为临床治疗外科手术禁忌的重度高危主动脉瓣狭窄提供了新的选择。治疗前全方位评估患者心脏和大血管的解剖有助于选择合适的TAVI手术方式、降低手术风险。MSCT具有高时间分辨率、高空间分辨率及单次即可完成大范围覆盖扫描等优点,可为TAVI提供更全面的信息。本文对MSCT在TAVI术前评估及术后随访中的应用予以综述。     

Clinical trial experience with the MitraClip catheter based mitral valve repair system

Severe mitral regurgitation (MR) confers a poor prognosis, in particular for patients with heart failure. Based on the results of the Euro Heart Survey, a large proportion of patients with mitral regurgitation is not referred to surgery and many other patients are rejected for cardiac surgery due to the high surgical risk or co-pathologies. Improving ventricular function with ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers and CRT may reduce mitral regurgitation, but for most patients a mechanical intervention is ultimately preferable. Mitral valve surgery is invasive and requires a long recovery period; therefore, less invasive and effective approaches are highly desirable, particularly in high risk patients. Therefore, new techniques have been recently developed to treat MR with percutaneous approach. The MitraClip device (Abbott Vascular, Menlo Park, CA) is used to treat both functional and degenerative mitral valve regurgitation. Its safety and efficacy has been initially tested in the Endovascular Valve Edge-to-Edge REpair Study (EVEREST), while MitraClip has been compared to surgery in the EVEREST II randomized trial. Besides EVEREST trials, safety and efficacy of the device as well as its health economic value is under evaluation in ongoing registries. Although the field of catheter based management of MR is at an early stage, initial clinical results have demonstrated that catheter based approaches can reduce MR, suggesting there is a great deal of potential for clinical benefit to patients with MR.