原发性高血压患者血压变异性及昼夜节律与左室肥厚的关系

目的 探讨原发性高血压患者血压变异性及血压昼夜节律与心室肥厚的关系.方法 连续入选2010 年8 月至2012 年1 月,于中国医科大学附属第一医院心血管内科住院的原发性高血压患者共93例,根据超声心动图测量指标计算所得的左心室重量指数(LVMI)分为左心室肥厚(LVH)组与无LVH 组;再根据24 h 动态血压监测获得的结果分为血压晨峰组与无血压晨峰组,杓型血压组与非杓型血压组.分析比较24 h 血压、白昼和夜间血压均值、血压变异性、血压昼夜节律及晨峰与心室肥厚的相关性.结果 ①与无LVH 组相比,LVH 组24 小时收缩压(24 h SBP)、24 小时舒张压(24 h DBP)、白昼收缩压(dSBP)、白昼舒张压(dDBP)、夜间收缩压(nSBP)和夜间舒张压(nDBP)均升高,P<0.01;LVH 组24 小时平均收缩压标准差(24 hSSD)高于无LVH 组,P<0.05,但两组24 小时平均舒张压标准差(24 h DSD)无差别;与无LVH 组相比,LVH组夜间收缩压标准差(nSSD)和夜间舒张压标准差(dDSD)升高,P<0.01;但白昼收缩压标准差(dSSD)和白昼舒张压标准差(dDSD)无差别.②血压晨峰组LVMI 高于无血压晨峰组,P<0.05;血压晨峰组LVH 比率也高于无血压晨峰组,P<0.01;与无血压晨峰组相比,血压晨峰组24 h SBP、dSBP 和nSBP 均增高,P<0.05,但两组24 h DBP、dDBP 和nDBP 无差别.③杓型血压组LVMI 低于非杓形血压组,P<0.05;杓型血压组LVH 比率低于非杓形血压组,P<0.01;与非杓形血压组相比,杓型血压组nSBP、nDBP 均降低,P<0.01;而两组24 hSBP、24 h DBP、dSBP、dDBP 差异无统计学意义.结论 原发性高血压患者LVH 的发生与血压变异性和血压晨峰密切相关.具有血压晨峰的患者和血压昼夜节律消失的非杓型高血压患者更易出现LVH.     

血压变异性及血压昼夜节律对老年冠心病并发慢性心力衰竭伴高血压患者临床治疗效果的影响研究

目的探讨血压变异性及血压昼夜节律对老年冠心病并发慢性心力衰竭伴高血压患者临床治疗效果的影响。方法选取重庆市长寿区人民医院2013—2014年收治的老年冠心病并发慢性心力衰竭伴高血压患者188例,根据临床治疗结果分为治疗有效组136例和治疗无效组52例,并根据治疗后心功能好转情况分为左心室射血分数(LVEF)10%者111例、LVEF≤10%者77例,纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)分级改善者103例、NYHA分级未改善者85例。对所有患者进行24 h血压动态监测,比较治疗有效组和治疗无效组以及不同心功能好转情况患者血压变异性〔24 h收缩压标准差(24 h SSD)、24 h舒张压标准差(24 hDSD)、日间收缩压标准差(dSSD)、日间舒张压标准差(d DSD)、夜间收缩压标准差(nSSD)及夜间舒张压标准差(n DSD)〕、血压昼夜节律(超杓型、杓型、非杓型、反杓型)。结果治疗有效组患者24 hSSD、24 hDSD、dSSD、dDSD、nSSD及nDSD低于治疗无效组(P0.05)。治疗有效组患者血压昼夜节律优于治疗无效组(P0.01)。LVEF10%、NYHA分级改善者24 hSSD、24 hDSD、dSSD、dDSD、nSSD及nDSD低于LVEF≤10%、NYHA分级未改善者,血压昼夜节律优于LVEF≤10%、NYHA分级未改善者(P0.05)。结论血压变异性越大、血压昼夜节律异常(非杓型)对老年冠心病并发慢性心力衰竭伴高血压患者的影响较大,其治疗效果相对不佳,提示控制血压变异性、恢复血压昼夜节律与控制患者的平均血压同等重要。     

老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律与颈动脉粥样硬化相关性研究

目的探讨老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法选择2016年9月～2018年6月青岛大学附属医院保健科住院的老年高血压患者117例,根据24h动态血压监测结果分为杓型组24例和异常昼夜节律组93例,异常昼夜节律组又分为非杓型组67例,反杓型组26例。所有患者行颈动脉超声检查,检测左右颈总动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)、颈动脉斑块及管腔狭窄情况,对颈动脉粥样硬化进行分级。测定患者空腹血糖,血脂,同型半胱氨酸,记录24h收缩压、24h舒张压、昼间收缩压、昼间舒张压、夜间收缩压和夜间舒张压。结果异常昼夜节律组左侧IMT、右侧IMT、斑块发生率和颈动脉粥样硬化程度明显高于杓型组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。反杓型组夜间收缩压、夜间舒张压明显高于非杓型组[(132.92±15.75)mm Hg vs (122.85±14.91)mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa),(72.38±8.75)mm Hg vs (64.34±9.98)mm Hg,P0.01]。非杓型组和反杓型组左侧IMT和左侧斑块发生率明显高于右侧,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律与颈动脉粥样硬化关系密切,异常血压昼夜节律损伤靶器官概率更大,并且对左侧颈动脉内膜损害较右侧明显。     

短暂性脑缺血发作患者血压变异性与颅外段颈动脉狭窄及狭窄程度的相关性

目的探讨短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)患者血压变异性与颅外段颈动脉狭窄及狭窄程度的关系。方法选择TIA患者300例,行颈动脉彩色超声和24h动态血压监测。根据颈动脉超声结果分为颈动脉狭窄组212例,无颈动脉狭窄组88例。颈动脉狭窄组又按照颈动脉狭窄程度分为轻度狭窄组85例,中度狭窄组70例,重度狭窄组57例。分析TIA患者血压变异性与颅外段颈动脉狭窄及狭窄程度的关系。结果颈动脉狭窄组24h收缩压标准差(24hSSD)、24h舒张压标准差(24hDSD)、昼间收缩压标准差(dSSD)、昼间舒张压标准差(dDSD)和夜间收缩压标准差明显高于无颈动脉狭窄组(P0.05,P0.01)。颈动脉狭窄组杓型节律比例明显低于无颈动脉狭窄组(30.2%vs 50.0%,P0.01),非杓型节律比例明显高于无颈动脉狭窄组(40.6%vs 27.3%,P0.05)。中度狭窄组和重度狭窄组24hSSD、24hDSD、dSSD、dDSD明显高于轻度狭窄组,重度狭窄组上述指标明显高于中度狭窄组(P0.05)。中度狭窄组和重度狭窄组杓型节律比例明显低于轻度狭窄组,非杓型节律比例明显高于轻度狭窄组(P0.05)。结论 TIA患者血压变异性与颅外段颈动脉狭窄有关,血压变异性越大,颈动脉狭窄程度越重。     

老年类风湿关节炎合并原发性高血压患者动态血压的昼夜节律及血压变异性

目的探讨类风湿关节炎(RA)合并原发性高血压(EH)患者24 h动态血压的昼夜节律变化及血压变异性(BPV)的特点。方法纳入44例诊断为RA合并EH的老年患者作为观察组,同时选取42例仅诊断为EH的老年患者作为对照组,再随机抽取27例健康体检人群为正常组。入组者均进行24 h无创动态血压检查。24 h血压水平指标包括24 h平均收缩压(SBP)、24 h平均舒张压(DBP)、日间平均收缩压(d SBP)、日间平均舒张压(d DBP)、夜间平均收缩压(n SBP)、夜间平均舒张压(n DBP);BPV参数包括24 h收缩压标准差(24 h SBP-SD),24 h舒张压标准差(DBPSD),日间收缩压标准差(d SBP-SD)和舒张压标准差(d DBP-SD),夜间收缩压标准差(n SBP-SD)和舒张压标准差(n DBP-SD)。根据d SBP和d DBP的差值与d SBP的比值判定血压昼夜节律变化,比较观察组与对照组间血压昼夜节律的差异。结果观察组与对照组n SBP、n DBP、n SBP-SD和n DBPSD均有显著差异(P0.05);观察组与正常组24 h SBP、24 h DBP、d SBP、d DBP、n SBP、n DBP、n SBP-SD差异显著(P0.05)。对照组与正常组24 h SBP、24 h DBP、d SBP、d DBP、n SBP、n DBP、n SBP-SD差异显著(P0.05)。观察组中存在昼夜节律异常者占95%(42/44),其中反杓型及浅杓型发生率分别为55%(24/44)、41%(18/44);对照组中昼夜节律异常占57%(24/42),均为浅杓型;两组间差异显著(P0.05)。结论 RA合并EH的老年患者夜间SBP及DBP的BPV较EH患者明显增大,同时该组患者的昼夜血压节律更易出现异常,提示自身调节功能损害更大。     

褪黑素和心率变异性与血压昼夜节律的相关性研究

目的 探讨褪黑素(MLT)和心率变异性与血压昼夜节律的关系.方法 将高血压患者及健康查体者分为非杓型高血压组、杓型高血压组及对照组,对其行24 h动态血压及心电图监测,测定白昼和黑夜尿6-羟基硫酸褪黑素(6-SMT)含量,分析心率变异性.结果 非杓型高血压组夜间收缩压、舒张压及平均动脉压下降率均低于杓型高血压组和对照组(P<0.01).各组黑夜尿6-SMT含量高于白昼,非杓型高血压组黑夜尿6-SMT含量和黑夜/白昼尿6-SMT比值低于杓型高血压组和对照组(P均<0.01).各组黑夜/白昼尿6-SMT比值与夜间血压下降率均存在正相关(P均<0.05).非杓型高血压组总体标准差、均值标准差、标准差均值、均方根值低于杓型高血压组和对照组,杓型高血压组低于对照组(P均<0.05).结论 MLT黑夜分泌较多,与血压昼夜节律异常存在密切关系;血压昼夜节律异常者有更明显的心率变异性受损.     

正常血压者血压变异性与血压节律的相关性

目的探讨正常血压者血压变异性特点及其与血压昼夜节律、年龄和性别的关系。方法选择2002年1月至2011年12月在福建医科大学附属第一医院门诊(或体检中心)检查动态血压的正常血压者1024人。收集动态血压相关数据,分析24h血压标准差(24hBPSD)、白天血压标准差(dBPSD)、夜间血压标准差(nBPSD)、24h血压加权标准差(24hBPWSD)。采用血压标准差、变异系数来表示血压变异性,采用公式[(白天平均收缩压-夜间平均收缩压)/白天平均收缩压]计算夜间血压下降率,根据夜间血压下降率分为反杓型、非杓型、杓型和超杓型;按年龄分为40、40~50、50~60、≥60岁。结果正常血压人群反杓型、非杓型、杓型和超杓型的比例分别为6.0%、47.0%、43.6%、3.4%。正常血压人群24 h收缩压标准差为(12.8±3.4)mm Hg;24 h舒张压标准差为(9.1±2.2)mm Hg;24h收缩压变异系数为0.11±0.03;24h舒张压变异系数0.13±0.03。反杓型、非杓型、杓型、超杓型组24hBPSD、dBPSD、24hBPWSD逐渐增加,除反杓型与非杓型组外,其他组两两比较,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05),而4组nBPSD比较,差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。24h、白天和夜间收缩压标准差随着年龄增加而升高(P0.05),而舒张压标准差差异无统计学意义(P0.05);男性较女性血压变异性高,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论正常血压人群杓型和超杓型血压变异性高于非杓型或反杓型。随着年龄增大,收缩压变异性逐渐增大,而与性别无明显相关。     

原发性高血压患者血压变异性与糖尿病的相关性

目的探讨合并2型糖尿病(T2DM)的高血压患者与单纯原发性高血压患者动态血压水平及血压变异性的相关性。方法以800例合并T2DM的原发性高血压患者及800例单纯原发性高血压患者为研究对象,监测研究对象日间、夜间及24 h收缩压及舒张压变异性,并进行对比分析,研究原发性高血压患者血压变异性与糖尿病的相关性。结果高血压合并T2DM组24 h平均收缩压、夜间平均收缩压均明显高于高血压组(均P0.05),高血压合并T2DM组收缩压昼夜差值、舒张压昼夜差值均明显低于高血压组(均P0.05);高血压合并T2DM组24 h收缩压标准差、日间收缩压标准差、日间收缩压变异系数、夜间收缩压标准差、夜间收缩压变异系数、夜间舒张标准差、血压晨峰均明显高于高血压组(均P0.05);经相关分析发现,患者血糖水平与24 h收缩压标准差、24 h收缩压变异系数、日间收缩压标准差、日间收缩压变异系数、日间舒张标准差、日间舒张压变异系数、夜间舒张标准差、血压晨峰呈正相关(均P0.05)。结论原发性高血压合并T2DM患者血压变异性较单纯原发性高血压患者增大,提示糖尿病合并原发性高血压时对患者昼夜血压调节损害较大并可能与血糖水平有关。     

原发性高血压患者血压变异性与早期肾损害

目的探讨血压变异性(BPV)和原发性高血压患者早期肾损害的关系。方法根据尿白蛋白与尿肌酐比值(UACR)把181例原发性高血压患者分为两组,UACR≤30mg/g为单纯高血压组(A组,120例),UACR>30mg/g为合并早期肾损害组(B组,61例),行24h动态血压监测,BPV以血压标准差和变异系数表示,用Pearson相关分析和多元线性回归分析比较两组患者BPV和早期肾损害之间的关系。结果两组患者各个时段的血压均值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);除白昼收缩压变异性外,A组和B组24h收缩压变异性[标准差(13.6±3.0)比(15.3±4.1)mmHg;变异系数(0.11±0.02)比(0.12±0.03)]、24h舒张压变异性[标准差(9.6±2.6)比(11.8±4.2)mmHg;变异系数(0.13±0.04)比(0.15±0.05)]、白昼舒张压变异性[标准差(9.5±3.0)比(11.3±4.6)mmHg;变异系数(0.12±0.04)比(0.14±0.06)]、夜间收缩压变异性[标准差(10.0±3.9)比(13.2±4.7)mmHg;变异系数(0.08±0.03)比(0.11±0.04)]和夜间舒张压变异性[标准差(7.7±3.7)比(10.0±3.8)mmHg;变异系数(0.11±0.05)比(0.14±0.05)]差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示UACR与24h收缩压变异性、24h舒张压变异性、白昼舒张压变异性、夜间收缩压变异性及夜间舒张压变异性呈正相关(均P<0.01)。多元线性回归分析显示UACR与夜间收缩压变异性、24h舒张压变异性、夜间舒张压水平和三酰甘油呈正相关(均P<0.05)。结论原发性高血压患者夜间收缩压变异性、24h舒张压变异性、夜间舒张压水平和三酰甘油与早期肾损害相关。     

H型高血压患者的血压变异性研究

目的观察H型高血压患者血压变异性的特点。方法连续选择2011年2月~2013年2月于军事科学院门诊部就诊的80例原发性高血压患者,分别进行血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平测定和动态血压监测,根据Hcy水平分为H型高血压组(n=44)和非H型高血压组(n=36),分析比较两组间的血压变异性。结果与非H型高血压患者相比,H型高血压组患者24h平均收缩压标准差(24hSSD)[(15.83±4.02)mmHg vs.(13.25±3.89)mmHg]、白昼收缩压标准差(dSSD)[(16.82±4.98)mmHg vs.(12.75±3.86)mmHg]、白昼舒张压标准差(dDSD)[(10.29±2.23)mmHg vs.(8.62±1.82)mmHg]和夜间收缩压标准差(nSSD)[(12.88±4.54)mmHg vs.(10.12±3.36)mmHg]明显增高,差异具有统计学意义(P均0.05)显著。结论与非H型高血压患者相比,H型高血压患者血压变异性增高。     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.