孤立型脾脏单发淋巴管瘤CT影像特点与病理对照

目的 探讨孤立型脾脏单发淋巴管瘤的CT影像特点与病理类型间的关系,加强对本病的认识,提高诊断水平.方法 搜集本院经手术病理证实的孤立型脾脏单发淋巴管瘤10例,回顾性分析患者的临床、CT影像及病理资料,CT平扫10例,增强扫描9例.结果 本组10例中,男4例,女6例,年龄32～79岁,平均53.4岁,其中8例无任何临床症状,由B超体检发现,仅2例有与脾脏增大相关的轻微临床症状.10例均为单发,共10个病灶,直径3.2 ～6.6 cm,CT平扫所有病灶均为囊性低密度灶,境界清楚8例,不清楚2例,其中形态不规则呈分叶状、密度不均、内见粗细不均分隔的病灶有6例,增强后病灶囊壁较薄,囊壁及分隔轻～中度强化,囊内容物除分隔外均无强化,病理均诊断为海绵状淋巴管瘤,另外4例形态规则呈类圆形、密度均匀、内无分隔的病灶,增强后病灶囊壁较薄,囊壁轻～中度强化,囊内容物密度均匀、均无强化,病理均诊断为囊状淋巴管瘤.10例中误诊为脾脏囊肿1例.结论 孤立型脾脏单发淋巴管瘤少见,成年人发病率明显高于儿童,患者临床上无明显症状或症状轻微,病程较长,进展缓慢,其CT影像特点与病理类型有关,海绵状淋巴管瘤CT平扫病灶形态多不规则,呈分叶状,密度不均,内见粗细不均的分隔,增强后囊壁及分隔轻～中度强化,囊内容物除分隔外无强化;囊状淋巴管瘤CT平扫病灶形态较规则,呈类圆形,密度均匀,内无分隔,增强后病灶囊壁较薄,囊壁轻～中度强化,囊内容物无强化、密度均匀.     

成人肠系膜淋巴管瘤CT表现与病理相关分析

目的 探讨成人肠系膜淋巴管瘤的CT表现与病理之间相关性,以提高CT诊断本病的准确率.方法 回顾性分析16例肠系膜淋巴管瘤CT与病理表现.结果 16例中起源于小肠系膜10例,大网膜5例,小网膜1例.病变位于腹腔7例,跨腹腔、盆腔6例,盆腔3例.4例单房型淋巴管瘤呈圆形、类圆形;12例多房型淋巴管瘤中类圆形2例,哑铃形2例,爬行式或塑形式生长或呈口袋征8例.囊壁及分隔呈线状或网格状.囊腔内容物呈囊性密度10例,囊实性密度6例;另见含脂肪4例,钙化2例.12例囊壁及间隔呈轻度渐进性强化,囊性或囊实性囊腔不强化.6例病变内见血管穿行,穿行血管不为肿瘤提供血供.16例成人肠系膜淋巴管瘤中囊性淋巴管瘤12例,海绵状淋巴管瘤4例.16例病变中4例没有血管成分,12例含5％ ～30％不等血管,病变内血管成分与囊腔内囊性或囊实性容物是否强化没有关系.结论 爬行式生长,口袋征,血管穿行征,条形脂肪征,增强扫描囊壁及间隔呈渐进性强化而囊腔内囊性或囊实性成分不强化特点相结合,CT检查可以对成人肠系膜淋巴管瘤做出正确诊断.     

纵隔血管瘤及淋巴管瘤的MSCT表现

【摘要】目的：探讨纵隔血管瘤及淋巴管瘤的MSCT表现,提高对此类疾病的影像诊断水平。方法：搜集15例经病理证实的纵隔血管瘤及淋巴管瘤,回顾性分析其CT表现。结果：血管瘤4例,表现为纵隔软组织肿块,边界清晰,密度可均匀或不均匀,静脉石为其特征性表现,增强扫描呈渐进性强化或延迟强化。淋巴管瘤7例,表现为纵隔均匀低密度灶,可包绕纵隔结构或沿纵隔大血管间隙弥漫生长,增强扫描呈囊性不强化或仅囊壁及分隔轻度强化。血管淋巴管瘤4例,表现变异较大,以血管瘤为主者表现为软组织肿块,密度多不均匀,增强扫描实性成分与静脉强化相似;以淋巴管瘤为主者表现为低密度灶内可见静脉成分（静脉石或小血管影）。结论：CT对纵隔血管瘤及淋巴管瘤的诊断具有重要价值,在指导临床治疗中发挥重要作用。     

淋巴管瘤的影像学表现

目的:探讨淋巴管瘤的影像学表现及其与病理的相关性.方法:经手术病理证实的淋巴管瘤26例,男15例,女11例,年龄1个月～68岁,平均19.4岁.7例行CT检查纳入研究,其中6例有平扫加增强扫描;1例行MRI检查;24例行超声检查.结果:CT上病灶均为囊性病变,密度均匀,边界较清楚,壁薄.2例病灶呈单房,5例病灶内可见分隔并形成多房,增强扫描囊壁及部分分隔强化,囊内未见强化.MRI上病变在T1WI上为低信号,T2WI上呈高信号,病变信号不均匀,边界欠清楚,其内见分隔.超声声像图上病灶均为囊实性低回声或无回声肿块影,其中10例病变回声不均质,14例探及条形分隔反射,其中3例分隔为蜂窝状、网状,3例边界不清;彩色多普勒血流成像探及囊内及分隔内血流7例.手术病理显示病变全部为囊性,可看到扩张的淋巴管,有些病灶内可见血管,并见一些纤维组织及脂肪组织成分.结论:淋巴管瘤有较为典型的影像学表现:囊性,薄壁肿块,密度较均匀,边界较清楚;病理与影像一致性好.     

CT 诊断脾脏淋巴管瘤的应用价值

目的：通过分析脾脏淋巴管瘤的C T表现特征,探讨其影像诊断价值。方法搜集15例经病理证实的脾脏淋巴管瘤的CT资料,对其CT表现进行回顾性分析。结果脾脏囊状淋巴管瘤6例,海绵状淋巴管瘤9例。单发病灶7例,多发病灶8例。3例边缘清晰,12例边缘模糊。除单发单房病灶及多发单房病灶中1个病灶无分叶状轮廓改变外,余病灶轮廓均显示形态不规则,呈分叶状改变。病灶内呈稍高密度网格状分隔（除单发单房及多发单房中一个病灶外）及低密度之液性区（除1例出现分层征象,下层为稍高密度影）。增强后动脉期、门静脉期囊壁及分隔13例轻中度强化,2例延迟期轻度强化。结论脾脏淋巴管瘤的CT表现具有一定特征性,CT是临床正确诊断的重要影像学检查方法。     

脾脉管瘤的CT表现及其鉴别诊断

目的 探讨脾脉管瘤的多层螺旋CT表现、影像诊断及鉴别诊断.方法 回顾性分析15例经手术病理证实的脾脉管瘤的临床及CT资料,对其CT表现进行总结归纳.结果 15例脉管瘤中血管瘤8例,淋巴管瘤2例,血管淋巴管瘤5例.血管瘤CT表现为向心性强化、轻度强化及延迟强化;淋巴管瘤表现为囊性不强化病灶或轻度强化结节影;血管淋巴管瘤表现为多发周边轻度强化结节影或囊性不强化病灶.结论 脾脉管瘤临床症状不典型,CT可为该病的诊断和鉴别诊断提供重要依据.     

脾海绵状淋巴管瘤的CT诊断与鉴别诊断(附8例分析)

目的：通过分析脾脏海绵状淋巴管瘤的影像学表现特征,探讨其影像诊断和鉴别诊断。方法：回顾性分析8例经病理证实的脾脏海绵状淋巴管瘤的CT表现,并与其他脾脏囊性病变进行鉴别。结果：8例海绵性淋巴管瘤均为近脾门处单发囊性病灶,8例中2例病灶边界清晰,6例病灶边界模糊。所有病灶形态不规则,呈分叶状改变。囊内有分隔,壁略薄（厚度约3～5mm）,囊壁及分隔略呈稍高密度,灶内可见低密度液性区。增强后动脉期、门静脉期囊壁及分隔中度强化,延迟期仍持续强化。8例患者中5例无自觉症状,经体检中发现。仅有3例出现与脾肿大相关的临床症状（左上腹胀满或轻微胀痛）。结论：脾海绵状淋巴管瘤的CT表现具有一定特征性,但需与脾脏其他囊性病变相鉴别。     

囊性淋巴管瘤DSCT表现及病理对照

目的探讨囊性淋巴管瘤的DSCT表现与病理对照分析。方法搜集经病理证实为囊性淋巴管瘤15例的DSCT影像资料,回顾性分析病灶DSCT表现,并与手术及病理结果对照。结果 15例囊性淋巴管瘤中,位于颈部3例,腋下1例,纵膈2例,腹部9例,包括大网膜4例,肠系膜3例,腹膜后2例,其中1例伴肝脏局灶性结节增生。单房囊肿6例,多房囊肿9例,除1例囊壁厚以外,其余囊壁均薄,囊内可见纤细分隔,囊壁及分隔均无壁结节,密度均匀,CT值约+11HU,大小约2.4~21.2cm,腹部9例病例中8例病灶旁均可见结节状钙化灶,增强囊壁及分隔均有强化,3例囊内可见血管穿行。结论 DSCT能够清晰显示病变的影像学特征、病变部位、累及范围及周围血管情况,对临床确定手术方案有着十分重要的价值。     

小甲状腺癌的CT表现分析

目的 分析小甲状腺癌的CT表现,探讨其CT征象.方法 对40例CT平扫及增强扫描后经手术病理证实的直径在1.0～2.0 cm的小甲状腺癌的CT表现进行回顾性分析.结果 (1)38例为单发癌灶,2例为双侧双发癌灶;2例合并对侧结节性甲状腺肿,1例合并对侧甲状腺腺瘤;(2)边缘光整,包膜完整者8个病灶;边缘不光整,包膜不完整者34个病灶,但未见明显周围软组织及重要器官侵犯;(3)病灶平扫密度均匀或较均匀,未见明显出血或坏死囊变区;病灶内伴钙化者30个病灶,钙化形态各异,以砂粒状多见(20个病灶),也可见不规则结节状、蛋壳状或桑椹状钙化;(4)增强后41个病灶明显强化(强化幅度＞40 HU,CT值在90～140 HU之间),其中38个病灶均匀强化,3个病灶中央强化明显,边缘可见一环形低密度影,呈镶嵌征;(5)伴颈部淋巴结肿大者24例(60.0%),可呈实性、囊实性或囊性,增强后可呈均匀明显强化、不规则环形强化或壁结节样强化;8例淋巴结内可见砂粒状、结节状或蛋壳状钙化.结论 砂粒状钙化、甲状腺包膜不完整、强化明显的甲状腺实性结节及伴钙化、囊变、实性部分明显强化的颈部肿大淋巴结为小甲状腺癌较为特征性的CT表现.     

肠系膜海绵状血管淋巴管瘤的影像学诊断

目的探讨肠系膜海绵状血管淋巴管瘤的影像学表现。方法对经手术病理证实的5例肠系膜海绵状血管淋巴管瘤进行回顾性分析,USG检查5例,CT平扫5例。结果USG显示肿瘤内部呈现低回声光团,呈网格状。CDFI显示:其内可见丰富的红蓝血流信号。CT表现为等低混杂密度肿块,形状不规则,病灶边缘可见多个类圆形等密度或低密度囊性病灶,囊壁厚薄不均。结论联合采用B超和CT有利于提高肠系膜海绵状血管淋巴管瘤的诊断准确率。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.