炎性因素对A型行为高血压患者早期肾脏损害的影响

目的探讨炎症介质对A型行为高血压患者早期肾脏损害的影响.方法研究对象90例分为A型行为高血压组(A组,n=30)、非A型行为高血压组(B组,n=30)及健康对照组(C组,n=30),检测、比较各组间血CRP、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平及尿β2微球蛋白、微量白蛋白水平并作相关分析.结果A组血CRP、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平及尿β2微球蛋白、微量白蛋白水平明显高于B组(P均<0.05);B组血CRP、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平及尿微量白蛋白水平明显高于C组(P均<0.05).经多元线性回归分析,尿β2微球蛋白与血CRP、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平直线相关(P<0.05～0.01);尿微量白蛋白与血IL-1β、IL-6水平直线相关(P<0.05～0.001).而且血浆CRP、IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α含量亦互相呈正相关(P均<0.001).结论 A型行为高血压患者早期肾脏损害较非A型行为高血压者严重,A型行为是高血压病肾脏损害的独立危险因素;炎症介质可能在A型行为高血压患者早期肾脏损害中起重要作用.     

导读

老年原发性高血压微量白蛋白尿与血管内皮功能及颈总动脉粥样硬化(谢秀梅等P.94)微量白蛋白尿(MAU)是高血压病人靶器官损害和预后的良好指标。谢秀梅医师观察MAU与血管结构及内皮功能(FMD)的关系,观察到老年高血压病人有血管内皮依赖性舒张功能障碍,MAU越严重,FMD损害也越严重。MAU与颈动脉的中内层厚度(I MT)也密切相关。炎性因素对A型行为高血压患者早期肾脏损害的影响(李令华等P.102)李令华医师探讨A型行为高血压患者的早期肾损害,发现较之非A型行为的高血压病人肾损害严重,血中炎症指标(CRP,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α)也较高,…     

炎症在高血压病患者肾功能损害中的作用

目的探讨炎症介质在高血压肾功能损害中的作用.方法 38 例高血压病患者(分为肾功能正常组(19例)、肾功能异常组(19例))和38例健康人,分别用放免法测定血浆肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)、白介素1 β(IL1β)、白介素6(IL6)及尿微量白蛋白(ALB)、α1微球蛋白(α1 MG)、β2微球蛋白(β2 MG),用免疫比浊法测定血浆C反应蛋白(CRP),酶免法测量尿视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP).比较各组之间血浆CRP、TNFα、IL1β、IL6及尿ALB、α1 MG、β2MG、RBP水平及各指标之间相关分析.结果血浆CRP、TNFα、IL1β、IL6水平在高血压病患者升高,随肾脏功能损害的加重而进一步升高.多元线性回归分析,尿ALB、β2 MG、α1 MG与SBP呈直线相关,SBP与血浆IL1β、TNFα呈直线关系,尿RBP与血浆IL6呈直线相关.结论 SBP是肾脏功能损害的独立危险因素,炎症在高血压病肾脏功能损害中起重要作用.     

炎症在高血压病患者肾功能损害中的作用

目的 探讨炎症介质在高血压肾功能损害中的作用。方法 38例高血压病患者(分为肾功能正常组(19例)、肾功能异常组(19例))和38例健康人，分别用放免法测定血浆肿瘤坏死因子。(TNFα）、白介素1β(IL-β)、白介素6(IL6)及尿微量白蛋白(ALB)、α1微球蛋白(αIMG)、β2微球蛋白(β2MG)，用免疫比浊法测定血浆C反应蛋白(CRP)，酶免法测量尿视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)。比较各组之间血浆CRP、TNFα、IL1β、IL6及尿ALB、α1MG、β2MG、RBP水平及各指标之间相关分析。结果 血浆CRP、TNFα、IL1β、IL6水平在高血压病患者升高，随肾脏功能损害的加重而进一步升高。多元线性回归分析，尿ALB、β2MG、α1MG与SBP呈直线相关，SBP与血浆IL1β、TNFα呈直线关系，尿RBP与血浆IL6呈直线相关。结论 SBP是肾脏功能损害的独立危险因素，炎症在高血压病肾脏功能损害中起重要作用。     

脉压指数与老年高血压患者血胱抑素C和尿微量蛋白的相关性研究

目的探讨脉压指数(PPI)与老年高血压患者血胱抑素C(CysC)和尿微量蛋白的关系,为早期防治老年高血压肾损害提供临床依据。方法将139例老年高血压患者根据PPI分为3组:A组(46例)PPI<0.40、B组(49例)PPI0.40～0.55、C组(44例)PPI>0.55;全部患者检测血清尿素氮、肌酐、CysC、尿微量蛋白等。结果 C组血CysC、尿微量白蛋白(mAlb)、尿IgG、尿NAG酶、尿α1-微球蛋白(α1-MG)指标与A组比较,均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。C组与B组比较,尿mAlb、尿NAG酶、尿IgG和尿α1-MG的排泄增加(P<0.05或P<0.01)。B组与A组比较,尿mAlb、尿IgG和尿α1-MG的排泄增加(P<0.01)。PPI与老年高血压患者的血CysC、尿微量蛋白水平呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论老年高血压患者的早期肾脏损害与PPI有关,PPI是老年高血压患者早期肾脏损害的重要危险因素。     

缬沙坦联合氨氯地平对高血压患者肾功能保护作用的研究

目的评价缬沙坦与氨氯地平联合应用对高血压合并尿微量白蛋白患者肾功能的保护作用。方法回顾性分析高血压合并尿微量白蛋白的患者439例,分为氨氯地平组(A组)79例,缬沙坦组(B组)167例,缬沙坦和氨氯地平联合组(C组)193例。比较3组患者治疗1年后的血压、联合降压药物的数量、尿α1-微球蛋白、尿微量白蛋白、血清肌酐水平和肾小球滤过率等指标变化。结果与治疗前比较,A、B、C组患者治疗后收缩压和舒张压明显下降(P<0.05),B组和C组尿α1-微球蛋白和尿微量白蛋白明显下降(P<0.05)。B组联合用药最多。A组尿微量白蛋白变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。C组血肌酐较A、B组患者明显下降,肾小球滤过率明显升高(P<0.05)。结论对于中老年高血压合并尿微量白蛋白患者,缬沙坦加氨氯地平联合治疗,可以达到强效降压和减轻蛋白尿双重目的 ,有利于延缓肾功能损害。     

探析血同型半胱氨酸、糖化血红蛋白、尿微量白蛋白及β2-微球蛋白联合检验在2型糖尿病早期肾损害诊断中的临床价值

目的探讨血同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、尿微量白蛋白(U-m Alb)、尿β2-微球蛋白(尿β2-MG)联合检测在2型糖尿病(T2DM)肾病早期诊断中的价值。方法抽取该院2013年6月—2014年12月来该院就诊92例2型糖尿病患者,其中糖尿病肾病40例(观察1组)、2型糖尿病非肾病52例(观察2组),正常健康体检者54例(对照组)为研究对象,检测血同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、尿微量白蛋白(U-m Alb)、尿β2-微球蛋白(尿β2-MG)指标参数的含量,并对其检测结果进行比对。结果观察1组和2组的血同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、尿微量白蛋白(U-m Alb)、尿β2-微球蛋白(尿β2-MG)明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);糖尿病的病程的长短与血同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、尿微量白蛋白(U-m Alb)、尿β2-微球蛋白(尿β2-MG)指标有密切关系,糖尿病的病程与血同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、尿微量白蛋白(Um Alb)、尿β2-微球蛋白(尿β2-MG)成正比,糖尿病的病程越长血同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、尿微量白蛋白(U-m Alb)、尿β2-微球蛋白(尿β2-MG)指标越高。结论对2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者进行定期联合检测血同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、尿微量白蛋白(U-m Alb)、尿β2-微球蛋白(尿β2-MG)指标参数,通过这些指标参数值能准确掌握糖尿病是否侵蚀肾功,为糖尿病早期肾损害诊断、治疗提供可靠依据。     

冠心病患者肾功能临床特征分析

目的 探讨冠心病患者肾功能的临床特征.方法 选择冠心病患者88例,按合并危险因素高血压、高血糖、高血脂三种中的一种、二种、三种、未合并分为4组,另设对照组.记录年龄、性别、体重、血肌酐、尿微量白蛋白、尿a1-微球蛋白,用简化肾脏病膳食改良公式(MDRD)计算肾小球滤过率(GFR).分析各组的变化.结果 冠心病患者的尿微量白蛋白、α1-微球蛋白增高,GFR降低;冠心病合并越多的危险因素,尿微量白蛋白、尿α1-微球蛋白增高越明显、GFR降低越明显.结论 冠心病早期出现肾脏损害,合并危险因素越多,损害越严重.     

高血压患者血、尿β2-微球蛋白水平与肾功能损害的关系

目的探讨高血压患者早期肾脏损害与血、尿β2-微球蛋白（β2-MG）的关系。方法选择58例高血压患者和32例健康者（对照组），均用放射免疫法测定血、尿β2-MG水平，并对两组间血、尿β2-MG进行相关分析。结果高血压组血β2-MG水平为（2．679&#177;1．274）mg／L，对照组为（1．725&#177;0．547）mg／L，差别有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；高血压组尿β2-MG水平为（137．2&#177;130．0）彬L，对照组为（52．0&#177;32．0）μg／L，差别有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论高血压患者早期肾脏损害与血、尿β2-MG有密切的关系，血、尿β2-MG可作为高血压患者肾功能改变的一项敏感指标。     

高血压早期肾损害相关检测指标

高血压肾损害早期,血清尿素氮（BUN）和肌酐（Cr）并不升高,因此不能在早期反映肾脏损害情况,通过检测某些敏感指标早期发现肾损害对高血压肾损害的治疗和预后的判断有重要的意义。尿微量白蛋白、尿β2-微球蛋白、N-乙酰β-氨基葡萄糖苷酶、视黄醇结合蛋白、尿α1-微球蛋白、尿转铁蛋白、尿β2-微球蛋白可以作为高血压早期肾损害诊断的敏感指标。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

治疗高血压药物的经济学评价

重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。