Morphological and functional changes in the immune system during reparative regeneration of the liver

During reparative regeneration in the liver functional activity of the immune system is increased. Resection of the liver is accompanied by sharp changes in the structure of the thymus and spleen. The thymus-dependent parts of the spleen are particularly reactive. Resection of the liver in rats is accompanied by an increase in the number of stem cells in the bone marrow, as determined by the splenic colonies method. The number of colony-forming cells in the spleen of recipients of lymphocytes taken from the hepatectomized animals is significantly greater than in the spleen of recipients of lymphocytes from intact rats. If the limb is screened, ability to form endogenous colonies also is increased in partially hepatectomized rats compared with intact animals. Resection of the liver in rabbits is accompanied by a significant increase in immunological reactivity on the first to third days after the operation. The reactions of leukergia and leukocytolysis are sharply intensified during this period.Department of General Biology and Central Research Laboratory, S. M. Kirov Gor'kii Medical Institute, (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 10, pp. 480–484, October, 1977.     

Changes in resistance of partially hepatectomized mice to transplantable tumors in the final stage of regeneration of the liver

When an ascites form of hepatoma 22a was transplanted intraperitoneally into A/he mice 1–12 days after partial hepatectomy two periods of inhibition of its growth were observed. The first 24 h after the operation and the second 3–10 days later. Animals most resistant to transplantation of this particular tumor (5–8 days after transplantation of sarcoma 37 and Ehrlich's adenocarcinoma.Laboratory of Growth and Development, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 326–328, March, 1977.     

Modifying effect of hypokinezia on reparative regeneration in the liver

Restriction of motor activity in partially hepatectomized animals causes regressive changes in the remaining part of the liver and complementary hypertrophy due to ablation of the largest part of the liver. The extent of reparative regeneration of the liver under these conditions is determined by modifying influence of hypokinesia. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 2, pp. 146–148, February, 1998     

Phlogogenic and hemopoiesis-stimulating activities of liver and lung macrophages upon liver regeneration

The phagocytizing and colony-stimulating activities of liver macrophages are increased 36 h after partial hepatectomy. Although the blood count of phagocytizing cells is increased, the rate of the formation of zymosan-induced granulomas in the liver and lungs is decreased. Administration of zymosan after partial hepatectomy inhibits granulomonocytopoiesis in the bone marrow and reduces colony-stimulating activity of Kupffer cells and phagocytizing activity of liver and lung macrophages. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 11, pp. 494–498, November, 1996     

Morphofunctional aspects of liver regeneration in experimental correction of toxic hepatitis

It is demonstrated that cytoplasmic extract of rat pup liver stimulates cellular and intracellular regeneration of hepatocytes exposed to the toxic agent CCl₄. Injection of liver cytosol stabilizes lysosomal membranes, increases the coefficient of energy efficiency of mitochondria, and activates proliferation of polyploid hepatocytes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 656–659, June, 1995 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Expression of an unusual estrogen-binding protein in the liver of androgenized adult female rats during liver regeneration after carbon tetrachloride poisoning

The expression of an unusual estrogen-binding protein induced in the liver of ovariectomized adult rats by androgen was greatly reduced after their pericentrally located hepatocytes were poisoned with carbon tetrachloride, but was partially restored in the course of subsequent liver regeneration. It is suggested that the androgen program established in the periportal hepatocytes of postpubertal animals is defective. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 7, pp. 28–31, July, 1996     

Intracellular distribution of hyaluronidase in acute and chronic hepatitis and reparative regeneration of the liver in rats

The dynamics of the subcellular distribution of hyaluronidase was studied in the rat liver after acute and chronic hepatitis induced by CCl₄. In the early period of recovery an increase was found in the relative specific activity of the enzyme in the supernatant fraction but a decrease in the fraction of light mitochondria. Later this index increased in the fraction of heavy and light mitochondria, evidence of active processes of phagocytosis and digestion. After acute hepatitis the process of recovery at the subcellular level lasted much longer than at the morphological level.Central Research Laboratory, Novosibirsk Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR D. D. Yablokov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 295–297, March, 1976.     

Isopropoxygermathrane as a stimulator of hepatocyte regeneration

Translated fromByulleten' Experimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, No. 1, pp. 69–71, January, 1993     

Variations in completeness of skin repair in posttraumatic regeneration

Healing of full-thickness skin wounds on the abdomen and back of hedgehogs was studied. Closure of the skin defect on the abdomen was found to take place mainly by contraction of the wound. New hair and sebaceous glands were formed in the small zone of regeneration arising in the center of the initial defect in some animals. Contraction of the wound was almost absent on the back and the defect was covered mainly by the formation of new tissues, so that in place of the wound extensive zones of regeneration were formed. The connective-tissue basis of the regenerating tissue on the abdomen and back resembled the intact dermis in the arrangement of its fibers.Laboratory of Growth and Development, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. I. Strukov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 7, pp. 101–104, July, 1977.     

Asymmetry during regeneration of microvessels in rabbit ear

General principle of development, the left-to-right gradient of maturation, is valid for the regeneration of microvessels in rabbit ear. This manifests itself in a more rapid regeneration of microvessels of the left ear. The right ear is characterized by excessive regeneration which then decreases to the normal. Dalargin has different effects on microvessels in different ears: in the left ear the peptide inhibits revascularization, while in the right ear it accelerates the process of revascularization. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 3, pp. 343–345, March, 1997     

Effect of tetrapeptide cortagen on regeneration of sciatic nerve

Intramuscular injection of 10 μg/kg cortagen to rats during 10 days after transsection and suturing of the sciatic nerve increased the growth rate and conduction velocity in the regenerating nerve fibers by 27% and 40%, respectively. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 12, pp. 654–656, December, 2000     

The role of histamine in the initiation of the posttraumatic regeneration of the submandibular gland in rats

It is found that both a stimulative and an inhibitory effect on histamine receptors retard the initiation and development of the posttraumatic regeneration of the submandibular gland. The selective blockade of H2 receptors does not lead to a compensatory hypertrophy of the paired gland. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, No. 3, pp. 307–309, March, 1994 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Morphological analysis of protease treatment of damaged nerves

Intravitam phase-contrast microscopy of individual isolated myelin fibers of rabbit tibial nerves shows that 40-min treatment with 0.2% pronase solution is harmless to intact myelin fibers. In injured nerves such treatment causes sharply expressed proteolysis and a rapid process of wallerian degeneration with ruptures of the axial cylinders and the formation of degeneration ovoids. The findings prove the feasibility and desirability of early primary protease treatment of nerve wounds. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 4, pp. 439–442, April, 1995 Presented by B. I. Tkachenko, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Ultradian rhythms in cells and their role in stimulation of regeneration

Protein concentration in a cell increases during stimulation of ultradian rhythms by multifrequency irritation corresponding to the hierarchy of cell biorhythms. Physiotherapy synchronous with patient's pulse and respiratory rhythms accelerates regeneration of postoperative wounds and trophic ulcers. Rhythms of physiological regeneration stimulate the repair regeneration. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 7, pp. 93–96, July, 1999     

Movement of hepatocytes along the hepatic trabecula during physiological regeneration

The distribution of mitoses among hepatocytes and of dying cells along the hepatic trabecula was determined in rats. The relative rate of movement of the hepatocytes along the trabecular was calculated from these distributions. The direction and velocity of movement of the hepatocytes along the hepatic trabecula were obtained by recording the shift of the peak of labeled cells one month after giving the rats six injections of thymidine-³H.Laboratory of Pathology Induced by Alimentary Factors, Institute of Nutrition, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 214–216, February, 1977.     

Effect of embryonic bone tissue on bone regeneration

Fragmented embryonic bone tissue stimulates bone regeneration. Bone formation starts not from implanted embryonic fragments, but in intact periosteum and endosteum containing cambial cells of the osteodifferon. In rabbits, recovery of damaged radial bone after implantation of fragmented embryonic bone tissue into bone defect was associated with a pronounced periosteal reaction and focal resorption of intact ulnar bone. Consolidation of damaged radial bone without implantation of fragmented embryonic bone tissue was incomplete in all experimental animals. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130 No. 10, pp. 469–474, October, 2000     

Experimental study of cytokine regulation of postburn regeneration of the cornea

A complex of cytokines with interleukin-1, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and growth-transforming factor-α, activities promoted resorption of debris and proliferation of keratoblasts in eye burns. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 127, No. 3, pp. 314–316, March, 1999     

Effect of ozone on the liver in experimental chronic hepatitis

Short-term administration of ozonized physiological solution to rats with chronic toxic hepatitis reduces the content of total lipids in the liver tissue, activates antioxidant enzymes, normalizes the level of diene conjugates, and reliably increases adenosine nucleotides, the number of normal hepatocytes being increased 2.2-fold. The data suggest that ozone can be used as a stimulator of regeneration of the pathologically altered liver. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 8, pp. 238–240, August, 1996