冠状窦电极错误引导射频消融3例分析

本院曾在消融左前侧壁旁道2例和右侧希氏束旁旁道1例时因冠状窦电极错误引导而在左后间隔反复消融失败,最后在相应部位放电消融成功。报道如下。1临床资料3例中男1例,女2例,年龄42~48岁,阵发性室上性心动过速病程分别为1、5、10年,ECG示隐性旁道2例,显性旁道1例。3例均无其他器     

经冠状窦憩室行房室旁路射频消融三例

经冠状窦憩室行房室旁路射频消融三例商丽华杨新春胡大一国外文献已有冠状静脉血管畸形的报道［１］，并且证实部分后间隔旁路与冠状窦憩室等血管畸形有密切关系［２～４］。本文报告国内３例因射频消融后间隔显性旁路遇到困难，经冠状动脉造影证实有冠状窦憩室及心中静脉...     

射频消融冠状静脉窦的实验研究

对16条犬进行射频导管消融冠状静脉窦(CS)的作用及安全性研究。射频于CS内导管电极和胸部片状电极间释放,能量为1229±711焦耳。13条犬于消融后半小时处死,3条犬于3～4周后处死。消融部位损伤长3.2±1.8mm,宽2.2±1.7mm,深2.1±1.0mm,镜下所见为边界清晰的凝固性坏死(急性期)与纤维化(慢性期)。冠状动脉、二尖瓣及心内膜均未受累。除2条犬偶发房性早搏或室性早搏外无心律失常发生,无血流动力学改变,无1例发生CS破裂。表明高能射频消融CS安全,就其损伤部位而论可能对破坏病人的左侧房室旁道有效。     

经主动脉无冠状窦内射频消融治疗房性心动过速

目的:报告经主动脉无冠状窦内射频消融6例局灶性房性心动过速(房速)的消融结果。方法:6例患者中男女各3例。阵发性房速病史(6±3)年。常规心电图、心内电生理,术中心房和心室刺激诱发房速,分别在右心房、左心房和主动脉无冠状窦内标测最早心房激动,并进行射频消融。结果:心房刺激能反复诱发和终止6例患者的房速。心房内的前间隔部位标测相对提前的心房激动,但多次消融未成功。经主动脉无冠状窦内消融成功。平均随访3~17个月,无1例房速复发。结论:经主动脉无冠状窦消融前间隔房速是安全,有效的。     

主动脉左冠状窦内射频消融左心室流出道反复单形室性心动过速

目的　报道左心室流出道反复单形室性心动过速 (室速 )的心电图特点和射频消融结果。方法　对 11例无器质性心脏病的反复单形室速患者进行常规心电图、心内电生理检查和射频消融治疗。结果　室速呈不典型左束支阻滞伴心电轴右偏 ,Ⅰ导联为低振幅rs或rS波 ,V1 导联为rS或RS波 ,胸前导联R波移行区位于V2 或V3 导联 ,仅 1例的V5导联有小s波。起搏标测确定消融靶点位于主动脉左冠状窦内 ,在此部位成功射频消融 11例患者的室速。随访 (13± 7)个月 ,1例复发。结论　左心室流出道反复单形室速具有特殊的心电图表现 ,左冠状窦内射频消融能达到安全和有效的治疗目的。     

经主动脉无冠状窦内射频消融房性心动过速四例

4例经主动脉无冠状窦内射频消融成功的房性心动过速(简称房速),其体表心电图P波特点:4例Ⅰ和aVL导联P′波正向;2例Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联P波呈负正双向,1例呈浅倒置,1例在基线水平;4例V1导联P′波呈负正双向。房速时无冠状窦标测到最早的A波,较His束电位提前15～20ms,较体表P波起始领先32～40ms。在无冠状窦内消融成功,随访3～21个月,房速无复发。     

经冠状窦消融特殊心外膜旁道1例报道

心外膜旁道文献曾多有报道,其中82％的旁道位于心中静脉,少数位于冠状窦(CS)内1-2 cm,位于冠状窦远端者极少见。作者报道1例位于左前游离壁(距CSo5 cm)的心外膜旁道的体表心电图、心内电生理检查特点及射频消融结果。     

经冠状静脉窦射频消融心外膜旁道

报道 13例左侧心外膜旁道的特点和经冠状静脉窦射频消融的结果。 13例左侧旁道患者先经心内膜标测和消融 ,如不成功改由经冠状静脉窦标测 ,记录到旁道电位或最早激动的V波或逆传A波即进行消融。结果 :13例患者全部成功 ,平均放电 1.5± 0 .6次 ,能量 2 1± 4W ,时间 2 1± 9s。成功消融靶点 :左侧游离壁 2例、左后间隔冠状静脉窦憩室 4例、心中静脉 7例。 11例有效靶点均标测到振幅较大的旁路电位 ,其振幅大于A波和V波 ,与二者之比均大于 1。结论 :冠状静脉窦标测到振幅较大的旁道电位是左侧心外膜旁道的重要标志 ;冠状静脉窦消融可以有效地阻断心外膜侧旁道     

射频消融位于冠状静脉窦憩室处的后间隔房室旁路

目的报道５例冠状静脉窦憩室处后间隔房室旁路的射频消融结果。方法对５例后间隔显性房室旁路患者进行电生理检查和射频消融术。术后冠状动脉造影,以观察冠状静脉窦形态。结果所有患者的冠状静脉窦近端有一憩室,并在憩室的颈部消融阻断房室旁路。成功靶点图：心室激动较体表心电图Δ波提前（３１±３．７）ｍｓ,其中４例患者伴有旁路电位。结论冠状静脉窦憩室与后间隔旁路存在着解剖关系。术中冠状静脉窦造影检查有助于发现憩室和确定有效的消融部位。     

Catheter Ablation in the Canine Coronary Sinus Using Radiofrequency Energy

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of radiofrequency catheter ablation in the coronary sinus as a potential means of eliminating conduction over left-sided accessory pathways in humans. Radiofrequency current at a frequency of 500 kHz was delivered by electrode catheter to two sites in the coronary sinus of each often dogs. Left coronary arteriography with venous phase visualization of the coronary sinus was performed before, immediately after, and 2 weeks following ablation. Unipolar electrograms from the ablating electrode were recorded before and immediately after ablation. Coronary arteriography revealed no evidence of damage to the adjacent left circumflex coronary artery or its branches as a result of ablation. Contrast visualization of the coronary sinus showed persistent contrast staining following ablation at two of the ablated sites. Angiographically apparent stenosis of the coronary sinus was seen both acutely and chronically in two cases. Unipolar electrogram recordings from the ablating electrode showed an increase in atrial repolarization voltage (atrial current of injury) of 1.53 ± 1.03 mV (P = 0.00004), and an increase in ventricular repolarization voltage of 0.73 ± 0.84 mV (P = 0.005). There was a 23% decrease in amplitude of atrial electrograms (P = 0.006) and a 7% decrease in amplitude of ventricular electrograms (P = 0.02) recorded from the ablating electrode following ablation. Lesions could be identified grossly and microscopically at 16 of the 20 ablated sites. Perforation of the coronary sinus did not occur. Microscopical observation showed normal healing with granulation tissue and fat necrosis extending outward from the coronary sinus involving the atrial epicardium in 13 lesions, the ventricular epicardium in 5 lesions, and the adventitia of the left circumflex coronary artery in 5 lesions. No medial or intimal involvement of the coronary artery was seen. The coronary sinus itself showed luminal organized thrombus in 4 lesions, with near occlusion of the lumen in 1 case. Radiofrequency ablation in the coronary sinus thus results in lesions of a size and extent that would be expected to successfully ablate some left-sided accessory pathways if delivered in humans. Monitoring of the unipolar electrogram provides insight into the extent of injury during ablation. In some cases, thrombosis of the coronary sinus occurs, the long-term effects of which are not known.     

经冠状静脉窦射频导管消融房室旁路的疗效和安全性

目的 :探讨经冠状静脉窦低能量射频导管消融房室旁路的适应证、疗效和安全性。　　方法 :2 2例左侧房室旁路患者先经心内膜射频导管消融 ,不成功改由经冠状静脉窦标测途径。　　结果 :2 2例患者全部成功 ,17例 (77.3% )成功靶点与冠状静脉分支或畸形有关。 15例有效靶点记录到振幅较大的房室旁路电位 ,其振幅于 A波和 V波之比大于 1,前传 V波和逆传 A波较心内膜标测分别提前 2 6 .1± 5 .1m s和 2 2 .5±9.2 m s。　　结论 :低能量冠状静脉窦射频导管消融可以安全、有效的阻断房室旁路。     

经冠状静脉窦标测和消融后间隔心外膜房室旁道

报道心外膜房室旁道的特点和经冠状静脉窦射频消融术的结果。3例后间隔显性房室旁道患者先经心内膜标测和消融,不成功后改由经冠状静脉窦内标测和消融。术中冠状动脉造影,观察冠状静脉窦形态。结果: 2例冠状静脉窦近端有一憩室,并在憩室的颈部消融阻断房室旁道。成功靶点图为标测到振幅较大的旁道电位,其振幅大于A波和V波。结论:经心内膜标测和消融失败的旁道可能是心外膜旁道,行冠状静脉窦内标测与消融可有效阻断旁道,冠状静脉窦憩室与后间隔旁道可能存在着解剖关系。     

Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation Using Non-Contact Mapping for Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia

INTRODUCTION: In this report we describe our experience using non-contact mapping for radiofrequency ablation in patients with inappropriate sinus tachycardia. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two female patients with persistent complaints of palpitations and documented inappropriate sinus tachycardia with failed medical management underwent radiofrequency ablation using non-contact mapping. Non-contact mapping provided a continuous determination of the site of earliest breakthrough, facilitating the delivery and the assessment of the results of each radiofrequency application. CONCLUSION: Non-contact mapping is an effective mapping modality in the interventional treatment of inappropriate sinus tachycardia.     

CARTO标测指导射频消融治疗不适当的窦性心动过速

一例 34岁女性患者心悸、胸闷 2年半。Holter示最大心率 176次 /分 ,平均心率 12 7次 /分 ,固有心率 12 6次 /分。在基础窦性心律、静脉滴注 (简称静滴 )异丙肾上腺素后及射频消融术后分别行CARTO标测。静滴异丙肾上腺素后 ,心率从 14 5次 /分增至 170次 /分 ,最早激动点沿界嵴向上移动 3mm。消融靶点 (静滴异丙肾上腺素后的最早心房激动点 )由CARTO标测定位。在释放 2 1次射频电流进行射频消融后 ,未静滴异丙肾上腺素的心率从术前的14 5次 /分降至 98次 /分 ,静滴异丙肾上腺素后的心率从术前的 170次 /分降至 14 0次 /分。Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联上的P波形态从明显直立变为低平。术后第 3天Holter示最大心率和平均心率分别为 12 5次 /分和 95次 /分 ;固有心率为94次 /分。结论 :CARTO标测有助于精确地定位不适当的窦性心动过速的消融靶点 ,减少射频消融的放电次数 ,提高成功率。     

射频消融治疗儿童阵发性室上性心动过速36例临床疗效观察

目的探讨经导管射频消融治疗儿童阵发性室上性心动过速疗效.方法阵发性室上性心动过速患儿36例,年龄7～15岁,平均为6.7±5.3岁,男21例,女15例;经颈内静脉或股静脉置入电生理标测电极行心内电生理检查(EPS),确定阵发性室上性心动过速性质,然后经股静脉或股动脉置入大头消融导管,标测到有效消融靶点进行放电消融.结果36例患儿消融前均诱发出室上性心动过速.确定旁路27例,其中左侧旁路12例,消融成功12例;右侧旁路15例,消融成功14例;房室结双径路9例,消融成功9例.复发4例,再次消融成功,本组手术总成功率97%.术后随访所有患者无消融相关并发症出现.结论射频消融术治疗儿童室上性心动过速是安全和有效的.     

国产与进口射频消融导管治疗阵发性室上性心动过速的疗效对比研究

【】目的 观察国产与进口射频消融导管治疗阵发性室上性心动过速的疗效及并发症。方法 临床纳入需要进行射频消融术(RFCA)的阵发性室上性心动过速患者90例,根据使用射频消融导管的不同分为两组,分别给予国产与进口射频消融导管。比较两组射频消融导管性能评分,包括阻力、稳定性、柔顺性、可塑性、可控性、推送性能以及扭转性能等。另外,观察两组患者术后并发症情况。结果 国产组阻力、稳定性、柔顺性、可塑性、可控性、推送性能、扭转性能评分分别为(4.4±0.5)、(4.3±0.4)、(3.7±0.4)、(3.9±0.5)、(4.1±0.5)、(4.3±0.5)、(4.4±0.6),进口组阻力、稳定性、柔顺性、可塑性、可控性、推送性能、扭转性能评分分别为(4.3±0.6)、(4.2±0.3)、(4.5±0.6)、(4.0±0.5)、(4.2±0.6)、(4.4±0.4)、(4.3±0.7)。其中,国产组柔顺性评分明显低于进口组,差异有显著性(P＜0.05);国产组术后有2例患者出现胸痛,进口组术后有1例患者出现迷走神经反射,并发症发生差异无显著性(P＞0.05)。结论 国产射频消融导管在治疗阵发性室上性心动过速的疗效及安全性上基本接近进口射频消融导管的水平,值得临床推广。     

Basic Aspects of Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation

RF Ablation. Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation has become the treatment of choice for many symptomatic cardiac arrhythmias. It is presumed that the primary cause of tissue injury by RF ablation is thermally mediated, resulting in a relatively discrete homogeneous lesion. The mechanism by which RF current heats tissue is resistive heating of a narrow rim (< 1 mm) of tissue that is in direct contact with the ablation electrode. Deeper tissue heating occurs as a result of passive heat conduction from this small region of volume heating. Lesion size is proportional to the temperature at the electrode-tissue interface and the size of the ablation electrode. Temperatures above 50°C are required for irreversible myocardial injury, but temperatures above 100°C result in coagulum formation on the ablation electrode, a rapid rise in electrical impedance, and loss of effective tissue heating. Lesion formation is also dependent on optimal electrode-tissue contact and duration of RF delivery. Newer developments in RF ablation include temperature monitoring, longer ablation electrodes coupled to high-powered RF generators, and novel ablation electrode designs.