甲状腺自身抗体对Graves病及桥本甲状腺炎诊断的研究

目的探讨自身免疫性甲状腺疾病患者血清中自身抗体水平及其对疾病诊断的价值。方法选取健康体检正常人群50例,Graves病(GD)患者48例,桥本甲状腺炎(HT)患者36例,检测血清中TGAb、TPOAb及TRAb的水平。其中TGAb及TPOAb采用化学发光法;TRAb采用电化学发光法。定性结果比较采用卡方(χ~2)检验,定量结果采用t检验。结果 GD组TRAb的检出高于HT组,而HT组TGAb和TPOAb高于GD组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01或P0.05)。GD组TGAb、TPOAb和TRAb均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。HT组TGAb和TPOAb高于对照组(P0.01),两组间TRAb的差异无统计学意义。GD组的TPOAb值低于HT组,TRAb值高于HT组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。GD组与对照组比较,FT3、FT4高于对照组,TSH低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。HT组与对照组比较,TSH高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论检测甲状腺自身抗体对自身免疫性甲状腺疾病特别是对GD及HT疾病的诊断、鉴别诊断、治疗及预后判断具有一定的价值。     

Graves病患者血清P物质含量及临床意义的研究

目的:探讨Graves病(Graves disease,GD)患者血清P物质与甲状腺球蛋白抗体(thyroglobulin antibody,TgAb)、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(thyroperoxidase antibody,TPOAb)、促甲状腺激素受体抗体(TSH receptor antibody,TRAb)等3种甲状腺自身免疫抗体及超敏促甲状腺激素(hypersensitive thyroid stimulating hormone hs-TSH)间的关系.方法:采用放射免疫分析法及放射受体分析法对46例初诊GD患者及40名正常人的血清P物质、hs-TSH、TgAb、TPOAb、TRAb进行测定.将2组的结果进行比较分析.结果:GD患者血清P物质水平(18±6 ng/L)较正常对照组(42±6 ng/L)明显降低,P＜0.01);P物质与TPOAb、TRAb、TgAb呈负相关,与hs-TSH不相关.结论:GD患者血清P物质降低;血清P物质下降越明显,自身免疫抗体滴度越高,免疫反应则越强烈;血清P物质浓度变化与甲状腺轴的反馈调节无明显关系.提示血清P物质可能参与了GD的免疫发病过程,临床上可将血清P物质作为GD患者的又一免疫监测指标.     

血清TGAb、TPOAb检测在自身免疫性甲状腺疾病诊断中临床意义

目的探讨血清中抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)、抗甲状腺过氧化酶抗体(TPOAb)浓度在自身免疫性甲状腺疾病(AITDs)诊断中的临床意义。方法以Graves病(GD)120例、桥本甲状腺炎(HT)130例、健康对照90例样本为试验材料,采用电化学发光免疫分析法测定血清中TGAb、TPOAb浓度。结果 TGAb、TPOAb绝对含量和阳性率在各组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中HT组最高。将血清TGAb、TPOAb单项检测结果用于Graves病(GD)临床诊断时,ROC曲线面积分别为0.866和0.990;用于桥本甲状腺炎(HT)临床诊断时,ROC曲线面积分别为0.960和0.991;在GD组与HT组间比较时(GD比HT),TGAb、TPOAb的Youden指数为0.333和0.549。结论血清中TGAb和TPOAb浓度测定均可用于GD和HT疾病的临床诊断,TPOAb优于TGAb,但它们对区分GD与HT的临床诊断价值低。     

血清甲状腺自身抗体检测对自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的诊断价值

目的探讨自身免疫性甲状腺疾病(AITD)中血清甲状腺自身抗体检测的临床意义。方法回顾性分析120例AITD疾病患者及60例体检健康者的临床资料,根据疾病类型将120例患者分为毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿组(GD组)与桥本甲状腺炎组(HT组),每组60例,并将60例体检健康者作为对照组。测定并比较三组入选者的血清甲状腺自身抗体水平,如甲状腺过氧化酶抗体(TPOAb)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)、促甲状腺素受体抗体(TRAb),统计其阳性检出率。结果GD组与HT组患者血清水平均高于对照组,HT组TPOAb为(63.11±3.46)IU/ml、TGAb为(56.04±3.88)%,均高于GD组的(29.49±4.39)IU/ml与(18.11±2.16)%,TRAb水平(37.66±2.93)IU/l低于GD组的(64.52±4.70)IU/l,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);GD组与HT组检出率均高于对照组,HT组TPOAb、TGAb检出率高于GD组,TRAb检出率低于GD组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血清甲状腺自身抗体检测能够有效提高AITD疾病的诊断率,并为临床用药指导提供参考依据,值得临床应用。     

血清抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体和抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体测定对甲状腺疾病的临床诊断意义

目的观察血清抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体和抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体测定对甲状腺疾病的临床诊断意义。方法选择2015年1月至2016年10月到该院进行甲状腺疾病诊疗患者185例为研究组,同期该院健康体检者50例作为健康对照组。通过比较桥本甲状腺炎甲亢、桥本甲状腺炎甲减、Graves病控制、Graves病未控制、单纯性甲状腺肿和健康对照组人员的血清抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TgAb)和抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPO-Ab)水平,研究相关指标在甲状腺疾病中的阳性率。结果桥本甲状腺炎甲亢和甲减的TgAb、TPO-Ab水平与阳性检出率明显高于Graves病、单纯性甲状腺肿及健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);甲减患者的TgAb、TPO-Ab略高于甲亢患者,但两者比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。Graves病控制与未控制患者的TgAb、TPO-Ab水平和阳性检出率均高于单纯性甲状腺肿患者和健康对照组,未控制患者TgAb、TPO-Ab水平高于已经控制患者,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。单纯性甲状腺肿患者的TgAb、TPO-Ab水平和阳性检出率与健康对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 TgAb、TPO-Ab对鉴别桥本甲状腺炎患者和非桥本甲状腺炎患者的临床价值较高,能在一定程度上反应病情控制情况,为治疗方案的确定提供依据。     

Graves病患者抗甲状腺药物治疗停药后复发相关临床因素分析

目的分析Graves病(Graves'disease,GD)患者抗甲状腺药物(antithyroid drugs,ATD)治疗停药后复发的相关临床因素。方法对66例行ATD治疗且达到停药标准的GD患者进行随访,根据停药后3年内是否复发分为复发组(n=28)和未复发组(n=38)。比较两组性别、年龄、甲状腺功能亢进家族史、初诊或复发、甲状腺大小、是否加用左甲状腺素(L-thyroxine,L-T4)、治疗中及停药后是否食用无碘盐、基线及停药时促甲状腺激素受体抗体(thyroid stimulating hormone antibodies,TRAb)水平等的差异。结果 (1)临床特点:相对于未复发组,复发组年龄较小(P<0.05);家族史阳性率高(P<0.01);复发就诊患者比例及甲状腺Ⅲ度肿大比例高(均P<0.01);基线及停药时TRAb水平显著升高(P<0.01);治疗中及治疗后食用无碘盐者比例显著降低(P<0.01)。两组在甲状腺球蛋白抗体(thyroglobulin antibodies,TGAb)及甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(thyroid perioxidase antibodies,TPOAb)水平、ATD种类及是否加用L-T4方面无显著差异(P>0.05)。(2)Logistic回归分析显示停药后未食用无碘盐及基线高水平TRAb是复发的独立危险因素。结论 GD患者ATD治愈后复发受多种临床因素影响;长期无碘盐摄入及根据TRAb水平调整ATD疗程可能减少停药后复发的机会。     

类风湿性关节炎患者血清抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体及抗血管内皮细胞抗体检测

目的 探讨血清抗中性粒细胞浆抗体(antineutrophileytoplasmic antibodies,ANCAC)及抗血管内皮细胞抗体(antiendothelial cellsauto-antibodies,AECA)在类风湿性关节炎发病中的作用.方法 收集类风湿性关节炎患者和正常人群血清,用间接免疫荧光技术检测血清中ANCA和AECA,并分型.结果 类风湿性关节炎患者组ANCA阳性率为68.8%(80例中55例阳性),与正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P《0.01).其中P-ANCA 36例,阳性率为45%,C-ANCA19例,阳性率为23.8%.AECA阳性率为7.5%(80例中6例阳性),其中IgG-AECA阳性率为6.3%,IgM-AECA 1.3%,与正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P《0.05).结论 ANCA与AECA都参与了类风湿性关节炎的血管病变的发病机制.     

抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体与狼疮性肾炎的相关性研究

目的探讨抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies,ANCA)对狼疮性肾炎(lupus nephritis,LN)诊断、病理分型和病情评估等方面的价值。方法采用间接免疫荧光法对42例无LN的SLE患者、36例LN患者和20例健康体检者的血清ANCA进行检测。对78例SLE患者的肾功能指标进行检测。将LN患者分为ANCA阳性和阴性组,无LN的SLE患者为正常对照,进行肾功能指标的检测与比较。结果 LN患者和无LN的SLE患者的ANCA阳性率分别为55.6%(20/36)和7.1%(3/42),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。ANCA阳性和阴性组的肾小球滤过率、严重血尿(镜检红细胞≥++/HP)和管型阳性率间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论血清ANCA可作为LN的辅助诊断指标,并与其肾功能损害程度有一定的相关性。ANCA阳性可能更易出现在ClassⅢ和Ⅳ型的LN当中。     

促甲状腺激素和甲状腺自身抗体在甲状腺疾病诊断中的临床应用

目的通过探讨自身免疫性甲状腺疾病(AITD)患者血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)、抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)、抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)、促甲状腺激素受体抗体(TRAb)浓度的变化,探讨其在自身免疫性疾病的诊断价值。方法对30例毒性弥漫性甲状腺病(GD)、32例桥本甲状腺炎(HT)、24例甲状腺机能减退症患者和39例健康者采用化学发光法分别检测TSH、TPOAb、TGAb、TRAb,并观察这4种指标在不同疾病中的变化情况。结果甲状腺机能减退症组的TSH含量为(33.90±34.36)mIU/L,明显高于健康对照组,而GD组为(0.05±0.05)mIU/L,则明显低于健康对照组;GD组、HT组和甲状腺机能减退症组血清TPOAb、TGAb浓度明显高于健康对照组;GD组TRAb的含量为(11.34±12.07)IU/mL,显著高于其他3组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 TSH是甲状腺功能的非常敏感的特异性指标,TPOAb、TGAb的检测对甲状腺疾病诊断有重要意义,而TRAb对于GD有较高的诊断价值,可以作为诊断GD病的特异性指标。     

3种血清标志物检测在桥本甲状腺炎中的诊断探讨

目的探讨甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(anti-TPO)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(anti-Tg)、促甲状腺激素受体抗体(TRAb)水平对桥本甲状腺的临床诊断意义。方法收集2014年1月至2015年12月在本院已确诊桥本甲状腺炎(HT)患者89例,根据其甲状腺功能分为甲状腺功能低下组(HT1)21例,甲状腺功能亢进组(HT2)9例,甲状腺功能正常组(HT3)59例;临床确认为Graves病(GD)35例;单纯性结节性甲状腺肿(SG)40例;80例来本院健康体检者作为对照组,其中男18例,女62例。用电化学发光免疫分析(CLIA)方法测定5组anti-TPO、anti-Tg、TRAb水平并统计分析。结果不同疾病患者血清中的anti-TPO、anti-Tg和TRAb水平及阳性率间差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);在HT患者中,HT1组anti-TPO水平高于HT2及HT3组,anti-Tg水平在HT1、HT2、HT3组之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05),anti-TPO和anti-Tg水平在HT组高于GD组,GD组高于SG组及健康对照组,且差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但SG组与健康对照组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。TRAb阳性率在GD组最高,与其他4组阳性率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论联合检测anti-TPO,anti-Tg是诊断HT的重要指标,TRAb对鉴别诊断HT与GD有重要意义。     

A novel visual immunoassay for coeliac disease screening

BACKGROUND: To date, the most commonly accepted techniques for the screening of coeliac disease are indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which reveal antiendomysium and antigliadin antibodies respectively. We report the use of a simple visual system for coeliac disease screening based on the use of Staphylococcus aureus protein A, which binds to both IgG and IgA, thus avoiding the need for two parallel immunoassays. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Opaque polystyrene microwell strips coated with a wheat gliadin extract were incubated with sera followed by incubation with protein A-colloidal gold conjugate. The resulting colour was compared with that of positive and negative control sera. The procedure took less than an hour. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-five biopsy-proven sera, 94 from active coeliac patients and 51 from non-coeliac patients with diverse gastrointestinal pathologies or diabetes mellitus, were assayed. Ninety of the 94 sera from the active coeliac patients were positive, whereas only 3 of the 51 non-coeliac control subjects were positive. The technique has a sensitivity of 95.7% and a specificity of 94.1%. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity and specificity of the visual system are greater than those of most ELISA systems and are similar to those observed with IgA antiendomysium antibodies when tested in the same population. Moreover, it is inexpensive, quick, simple to perform and easy to interpret, i.e. it requires no qualified personnel. It is for these features, together with the outstanding sensitivity and specificity, that we propose this immunoassay as a new test for reliable coeliac disease screening.     

616例急诊患者自身抗体检测结果回顾性分析

目的了解急诊患者血清中抗核抗体(ANA)的检出率,探讨自身抗体在急诊患者中的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析2013年5月至2015年7月本院急诊患者自身抗体检出率与首诊症状的相关关系。结果 616例急诊患者ANA阳性率为10.9%(67/616),其中诊断为系统性红斑狼疮的ANA阳性率为100%(3/3),出现肢体疼痛、浮肿和肌无力,发热咳嗽,胸闷和呼吸困难等症状患者的ANA阳性率较高,分别是36.7%(11/30)、13.0%(15/115)、22.9%(8/35)。在67例ANA阳性患者中,滴度大于等于1∶320的患者占68.7%(46/67)。抗核抗体谱阳性患者114例,占18.5%(114/616),其中以抗Ro-52、抗SS-A、抗HI、抗M2抗体的阳性率较高,分别为8.1%(50/616)、6.8%(42/616)、3.1%(19/616)和2.8%(17/616)。结论对急诊就诊者出现关节疼痛、浮肿,发热、呼吸困难等症状的患者应提高警惕,注意多种自身抗体的联合检测,提高自身免疫性疾病的诊断率,以防漏诊。     

放疗治疗甲亢性突眼病的疗效观察及其与甲状腺刺激性抗体的关系

目的评价眼球后眶内软组织外照射对甲亢性突眼的疗效以及患者血清中甲状腺刺激抗体(TSAb)与放疗疗效的关系。方法用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA法)测定入选甲亢性突眼患者血清中TSAb水平,并以此作为分组依据将患者分为3组,用60Goγ射线对不同TSAb水平的各组甲亢性突眼患者眼球后眶内软组织进行照射;观察突眼度、眼部症状和体征改善情况,评价其疗效并分析患者血清TSAb水平与突眼减轻程度的相关性。结果放疗后患者眼球突出度较放疗前明显减轻,左眼(19.37±1.69)mm比(21.76±1.73)mm,右眼(19.03±1.86)mm比(21.34±1.79)mm,P均<0.01;放疗后6个月时效果更明显,左眼(18.01±1.83)mm比(21.76±1.73)mm,右眼(17.36±1.91)mm比(21.34±1.79)mm,P均<0.01,眼部症状明显缓解,总有效率为81.2%。血清TSAb水平与眼球突出度改善程度呈负相关。结论眼球后眶内软组织放疗能有效治疗浸润性突眼、明显改善眼部症状,TSAb水平与突眼的放疗效果呈负相关性,并可能成为预测放疗疗效的检测指标。     

Are we not over-estimating the prevalence of coeliac disease in the general population?

Abstract

Until the 1980s, coeliac disease was considered to be a rare disease, but in the 1990s it became clear that it was a frequent condition. Recently, it was suggested to affect 1 out of 100 subjects in the Western world. To understand what the true prevalence of coeliac disease is in the general population, we conducted a systematic review of published papers. The overall prevalence of coeliac disease in the general population appears to be around 1/160 (6.2‰), but this figure varies widely according to the diagnostic criteria used in the original papers. Prevalence obtained with tissue transglutaminase antibodies only was markedly higher than that obtained through a histological diagnosis. We conclude that the prevalence of coeliac disease in the general population has been over-estimated. This is mainly due to tissue transglutaminase antibodies being used as the only diagnostic tool.     

冠心病患者冠状动脉病变程度与抵抗素的相关性研究

目的探讨冠心病患者冠状动脉病变程度与抵抗素水平及其与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法冠状动脉造影检查者共84例作为研究对象，根据冠状动脉病变支数，分为单支病变组、双支病变组、多支病变组和冠状动脉遣影正常组（对照组）。测量血压、身高、体质量、腰围和臀围。抽取空腹静脉血，测定空腹血清抵抗素（FSR）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、空腹血糖（FPG）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、载脂蛋白A1（Apo-A1）和载脂蛋白B（Apo-B）。计算体质量指数（BMI）、腰臀比（WHR）、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）和Gensini积分。结果冠心病单支、双支、多支病变组各组FSR水平分别为（11．25±2．45）mg／L、（10．36±1．99）mg／L、（12．54±2．62）mg／L，均高于对照组（9．56±2．02）mg／L（P〈0．01）。冠心病单支、双支、多支病变组各组HOMA-IR分别为4．72±2．25、6．00±3．43、8．78±4．54，亦均高于正常对照组，3．35±1．39（P〈0．01）。均衡年龄、血压（收缩压、舒张压）、FPG、血脂（TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL—C、Apo-A1、Apo—B）、肥胖白细胞[（WC、BMI、WHR）]影响因素后进行偏相关分析，FSR仍与Gensini积分呈显著正相关（P〈0．01）。多元逐步线性回归分析显示：病变支数、HOMA—IR是影响FSR的独立因素，病变支数、FSR是影响Gensini积分的独立因素。结论冠心病各组FSR水平高于正常对照组；FSR与冠状动脉病变程度密切正相关，HOMA—IR是影响FSR的独立因素。     

High prevalence of celiac disease in autoimmune hepatitis detected by anti-tissue tranglutaminase autoantibodies

Celiac disease (CD) may be found in association with other autoimmune diseases. We investigated the relation between autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and CD by assessing the prevalence of IgA and IgG anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibodies in AIH, and by verifying whether the findings were associated with clinical and histological features of CD. Forty-seven consecutive patients with AIH (type I: n = 39; type II: n = 8) were studied. One hundred patients with chronic hepatitis C, and 120 healthy blood donors were also studied as controls. We analyzed sera for the presence of IgA and IgG anti-tTG antibodies using a specific human recombinant tTG immunoenzymatic assay. Anti-tTG positive patients and controls were further tested for anti-endomysium antibodies (EMA) and HLA typing, and those found positive by either of these tests underwent duodenal biopsy to confirm a possible diagnosis of CD. Three of the 47 AIH patients (6.4%) were positive for IgA anti-tTG and EMA antibodies, and were subsequently confirmed to be affected with CD by small-bowel biopsy findings. No IgG anti-tTG positivity was found in the AIH patients. None of the controls were positive for IgA anti-tTG, and only one with chronic hepatitis C had a low positive reaction for IgG anti-tTG, which resulted as a false positive. The crude prevalence rate of CD in AIH was 63.8 per 1,000 (95% CI, 13.2-186.1), and it was significantly higher than that found in the general population in Italy (4.9 per 1,000; 95% CI, 2.8-7.8). The results of this study showed a high prevalence of CD in patients with AIH. For this reason, early serological screening testing for CD is strongly recommended for all AIH patients.     

Diagnostic efficacy of the ELISA test for the detection of deamidated anti‐gliadin peptide antibodies in the diagnosis and monitoring of celiac disease

Background and Aim: We evaluated the diagnostic performance of an ELISA test for anti‐gliadin IgA and IgG antibodies, which uses synthetic deamidated gliadin peptides (anti‐gliadin antibodies, AGAs) as coating; the results were compared with a test that uses extracted gliadin (AGAe). Methods: The study was conducted on the sera of 144 patients suffering from celiac disease (CD), including 20 patients with IgA deficiency and 9 who were following a gluten‐free diet (GFD), and 129 controls. Results: In the 115 CD patients (without IgA deficiency), the sensitivity of AGAe IgA and IgG was 32.2 and 60.9%, whereas that of AGAs IgA and IgG was 59.1 and 72.2%. The specificity for AGAe IgA and IgG, and AGAs IgA and IgG was 93.8 and 89.9%, and 96.9% and 99.2%, respectively. Of the 20 patients with CD and IgA deficiency, 7 tested positive for AGAe IgG and 14 for AGAs IgG. The test using deamidated gliadin peptides performed better in terms of sensitivity and specificity than the AGA tests with extracted antigen. Conclusions: The very high specificity of the AGAs IgG test (99.2%) also suggests that patients who test positive with this assay require a thorough followup, even if the anti‐tissue transglutaminase antibodies (anti‐tTG) and anti‐endomysial autoantibodies (EMA) assays are negative. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 23:165–171, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Biological variability of thyroid autoantibodies (anti-TPO and anti-Tg) in clinically and biochemically stable patients with autoimmune thyroid disease

The biological variation of anti-TPO and anti-Tg autoantibodies was studied in 17 clinically and biochemically stable female patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), at regular monthly intervals over a period of 6 consecutive months. The mean and standard deviation (SD), within-subject coefficient of variation (CV), between-subject CV, index of individuality, reliability coefficient, and critical differences were as follows: for anti-TPO 238 (197) U/ml, 9.2%, 81.4%, 0.11, 0.96, and 27.6%; and for anti-Tg 1,785 (3,170) U/ml, 6.9%, 174%, 0.04, 0.99, and 22.3%. The data indicate a low within-subject CV, and a high between-subject CV that is particularly pronounced for anti-Tg. The high individuality of both autoantibodies indicates that an isolated result compared to conventional population-based reference intervals is of very little value for diagnosis. Furthermore, the near to 1 reliability coefficient for both autoantibodies correctly classifies the patient with respect to his or her homeostatic mean antibody concentration in a 6-month period of clinical and biochemical stability of thyroid disease. Imprecision goals for anti-TPO and anti-Tg antibodies are attainable with current methodology.