Myocardial ischemia during intravenous DSA in patients with cardiac disease

A prospective study was performed for 48 patients who had histories of angina and were referred for digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Cardiac disease was graded according to the American Heart Association (AHA) functional classification system. Each patient received 2-5 injections of 40-ml diatrizoate meglumine and diatrizoate sodium (Renografin-76, Angiovist-370, or MD-76) at 15 ml per second in the superior vena cava. Of the 28 patients in functional Classes I or II (no or slight limitation of activity), 11% had angina and 32% had definite ischemic ECG changes after the DSA injections. Of the 19 patients in functional Class III (marked limitation of activity), 63% had angina, and 58% had definite ischemic ECG changes after the injections. One patient in functional Class IV (total disability) developed ventricular fibrillation after the second injection. These observed cardiac effects following bolus injections of hypertonic ionic contrast media indicate that special precautions are necessary when performing intravenous DSA examinations on this group of high risk patients.     

Selective cerebral intraarterial DSA

Summary In 1095 patients 2770 brain supplying arteries have been studied by i.a.-DSA. Definitive neurological deficits occurred in 0.09%, transient deficits were observed in 0.45%. The reduced complication rate in comparison to former studies seems to be a continued effect of technical progress (DSA) and the use of new isoosmotic contrast media. In order to reduce the training hospital effect as to complication rate careful supervision of trainees is necessary. The average fluoroscopy time per vessel is proposed as an objective measure of the investigational skill of a neuroradiologist.     

Gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography of visceral arteries in patients with suspected chronic mesenteric ischemia

The purpose of this study was to evaluate accuracy of dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography (MRA) of the celiac, superior, and inferior mesenteric arteries in patients with suspected mesenteric ischemia compared with catheter angiography or surgery. Sixty-five patients with suspected mesenteric ischemia underwent three-dimensional spoiled gradient-recalled acquisition in the steady state (GRASS) gadolinium-enhanced MRA. Correlative studies were performed on 14 patients, catheter angiography alone was performed on 12 patients, and surgery alone was performed on two patients. Six patients had mesenteric ischemia. In all patients, the celiac artery (CA) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) were seen well enough to evaluate; however, the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) could be evaluated in only 9 of the 14 patients. MRA showed severe stenosis (>75%) or occlusion of the celiac axis in seven patients, of the SMA in six patients, and of the IMA in four patients. The overall sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 95%, respectively, compared with catheter angiography and surgery. The two errors were caused by overgrading the severity of IMA disease. Three-dimensional gadolinium-enhanced MRA can accurately demonstrate the origins of the CA and SMA and is useful in evaluation of patients with suspected mesenteric ischemia.     

Critical limb ischemia: hybrid MR angiography compared with DSA

PURPOSE: To compare a hybrid magnetic resonance (MR) angiography protocol with selective digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in patients with critical limb ischemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was approved by the institutional review board, and written consent was obtained from all patients. Pretreatment DSA and hybrid MR angiography were performed in 19 consecutive patients (15 men, four women; mean age, 69.8 years; range, 44-86 years). Hybrid MR angiography included submillimeter dual-phase three-dimensional gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography in lower calf and foot, and four-station bolus-chase MR angiography in pelvis, thigh, and upper calf. Three readers identified the target lesion and inflow and outflow segments and determined treatment (bypass graft placement, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, conservative management, amputation). Results of interobserver and intermethod comparisons were expressed as percentage of agreement and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: On hybrid MR angiograms, no substantial venous overlay was present and image quality was excellent or adequate in 18 (95%) of 19 limbs. Readers 1, 2, and 3 selected the identical target lesion on the DSA image and the MR angiogram in 18, 17, and 18 of 18 comparable limbs, respectively. Mean percentage of agreement for readers 1 and 3 was 100% (95% CI: 81%, 100%) and for reader 2 was 94% (95% CI: 73%, 100%). Agreement of all three readers was superior with use of MR angiography for determination of inflow segments (13 [72%] of 18 limbs) and outflow segments (17 [94%] of 18 limbs), compared with agreement with use of DSA (13 [68%] of 19 inflow segments, 10 [53%] of 19 outflow segments). Agreement in therapy decisions was higher with DSA (15 [79%] of 19) than with MR angiography (11 [61%] of 18). CONCLUSION: Preliminary data strongly support the combination of submillimeter dual-phase MR angiography in lower calf and foot with four-station bolus-chase MR angiography to extend the utility of MR angiography to patients with critical limb ischemia.     

脑动静脉循环时间在重度颈动脉狭窄诊断和评估中的应用价值

目的:采用数字减影脑血管造影测量正常人和重度颈动脉狭窄患者的脑动静脉循环时间,探讨其在重度颈动脉狭窄诊断和评估中的应用价值。 方法:选取36例正常人数字减影脑血管造影图像,测定脑动静脉循环时间,同时测定24例重度颈动脉狭窄（狭窄率≥70%）患者的脑动静脉循环时间,采用独立样本t检验比较二者的差别。 结果:正常人脑动静脉循环时间为（6.01±0.50）s;颈动脉重度狭窄患者的患侧脑动静脉循环时间为（6.60±0.56）s,高于正常人,差异有统计学意义（t=4.264, P<0.05）。 结论:采用脑血管造影进行脑血管疾病诊断时计算脑动静脉循环时间简单、准确、易行,可作为初步评估脑组织灌注的参考指标;颈动脉重度狭窄患者患侧的脑动静脉循环时间延长,提示脑组织供血延迟。     

Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics predicts exercise-induced ischemia in patients with suspected coronary artery disease

The purpose of this study was to develop a (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomic approach capable of predicting the occurrence of exercise-induced ischemia in patients with suspected coronary artery disease and to identify the metabolite patterns that contribute most importantly to the prediction. In 31 patients with suspected effort angina and without previous myocardial infarction, serum was obtained just prior to a stress single-photon emission computed tomography. Serum NMR spectra were acquired with pulse-and-acquire and T(2)-edited sequences. The region between 0.50 and 4.25 ppm was used for analysis. Twenty-two patients had reversible myocardial perfusion defects and nine did not. Both groups had similar age and clinical profile, except for more smokers and diabetics in the ischemia group, and attained a similar peak heart rate. The best separation was achieved with long T(2)-edited spectra, 84% of patients being correctly classified based on the partial least square discriminant analysis. The main contributors to discrimination were lactate, glucose, as well as methyl and methylene moieties of lipids and long-chain amino acids. Metabolomic analysis of serum can predict exercise-inducible ischemia in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. This capability could be useful in screening and risk stratification of patients with coronary risk factors.     

Safety of colon contrast material in (helical) CT examination of patients with suspected diverticulitis

Purpose: Today patients with suspected diverticulitis are commonly imaged with a CT scan utilizing a variety of methods of contrast medium administration. Although CT with rectally administered colon contrast has demonstrated a high diagnostic accuracy, concerns have been raised over its safety in patients with diverticulitis. The following retrospective investigation was undertaken to answer this concern. Materials and methods: Between January, 1997, and July, 1999, 308 patients with suspected diverticulitis were examined in the Emergency Radiology Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital by means of a helical CT scan performed with rectally administered colon contrast material. The patients' CT findings were correlated with their clinical courses and/or surgical findings. Results: Of the 308 CT scans, 115 (37.3 %) were positive for diverticulitis. Of 193 patients without diverticulitis, 91 (47.1 % of patients without diverticulitis) had alternative diagnoses made by CT, such as small bowel obstruction, epiploic appendagitis, and urinary tract calculi. No complications due to colon contrast material were noted. Even in cases where there was free extraluminal air, no extravasated contrast material was seen. Rectally administered colon contrast was well tolerated by patients and provided excellent large bowel opacification. This method saved imaging time in an emergency setting, as there was no need to wait for oral contrast to reach the colon. Conclusion: Out of 308 CT scans, there were no complications from the use of rectally administered colon contrast material. No case of traumatic bowel perforation secondary to colon contrast material was observed. Rectally administered colon contrast material is safe in the CT examination of patients with suspected diverticulitis.     

三维DSA在诊断和栓塞治疗脑动脉瘤中的价值

目的　评估脑动脉瘤 (CA)的三维DSA诊断价值及其对栓塞治疗的指导作用。方法2 6例蛛网膜下腔出血 (SAH)的患者先行DSA检查 ,然后应用 3D工作软件进行三维重建处理作出诊断 ,根据后处理图像拟定栓塞治疗方案。结果　三维DSA对CA、多发动脉瘤、微小动脉瘤、子动脉瘤和瘤体穿动脉的检出率略高于DSA检出率 ,但差异无显著意义 (χ2 =3.0 1,P >0 .0 5 )。检出的CA2 0例行栓塞治疗 ,完全栓塞 18例。结论　三维DSA有可能提高自发性SAH的CA检出率 ,清楚显示CA的三维形态和空间关系 ,对指导栓塞治疗有很大帮助     

Intravenous digital subtraction angiography in patients with suspected bypass graft occlusion following surgery for peripheral vascular disease

Intravenous digital subtraction angiography has been used to investigate 40 patients with suspected bypass graft occlusion. Its accuracy and clinical impact have been assessed.     

CTP联合CTA对慢性脑缺血患者血流动力学的评价

目的：利用CT灌注（CTP）和CT血管成像（CTA）探讨慢性脑缺血患者脑血流动力学变化及其与脑供血动脉狭窄、血管性认知功能障碍之间的关系。方法：对55例临床拟诊为慢性脑缺血的患者行常规头颅CT平扫、CTP及CTA检查,应用简易智能状态检查（MMSE）量表评定受试者的智能状态。结果：根据平均通过时间（MTT）、达峰时间（TTP）图灌注延迟范围将灌注表现分为3型：Ⅰ型为大脑中动脉和/或大脑前动脉供血区广泛性低灌注22例;Ⅱ型为分水岭区局限性低灌注21例;Ⅲ型为灌注正常12例。颈内动脉（ICA）或大脑中动脉（MCA）的重度狭窄或闭塞所致脑灌注异常（Ⅰ、Ⅱ型）明显高于轻中度狭窄者（χ^2=29.49,P〈0.01）,Ⅲ型未见ICA或MCA的重度狭窄或闭塞。ICA或MCA狭窄程度与脑灌注异常之间呈正相关（Spearman′sr=0.74,P〈0.01）。脑灌注Ⅰ、Ⅱ型患者MMSE评分均低于正常值（P〈0.01）,且以Ⅰ型为著（P〈0.01）,Ⅲ型MMSE评分正常。结论：慢性脑缺血患者脑血流低灌注与ICA或MCA狭窄程度密切相关,在血管性认知功能障碍的发病机制中起着重要作用。     

Intravenous contrast enhanced computed tomography colonoscopy in children with suspected colonic polyps

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of intravenous contrast enhanced computed tomographic colonoscopy (IVCTC) in the diagnosis of clinically suspected colorectal polyps in children, using conventional colonoscopy (CC) as the gold standard.

Methods

This was a prospective study conducted between July 2008 and June 2010. 30 pediatric patients with history of rectal bleeding and clinically suspected to have colorectal polyps were enrolled. All of the patients underwent IVCTC followed by CC. 30 IVCTC and 31 CC were performed in 30 patients. The findings of IVCTC were compared with those of CC. Statistical analysis was performed to obtain diagnostic performance values of IVCTC on per polyp (sensitivity and positive predictive value) and per patient (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value) basis.

Results

By IVCTC, 63 polyps were detected in 28 patients of which 53 polyps were eligible for inclusion in the statistical analysis. 60 polyps were detected by CC in 28 patients of which 50 polyps were eligible for inclusion in the statistical analysis. The per polyp sensitivity and positive predictive values were 94% and 88.6% respectively. The per patient sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values were 96.4, 50, 96.4, and 50% respectively. Twenty polyps, in 10 patients, were visualized only after intravenous contrast administration of which 5 polyps, in 5 patients, were likely to have been missed in the absence of the intravenous contrast injection as these polyps were submerged in fluid. Four patients would have had a false negative CTC examination if the intravenous contrast had not been injected; while in another patient, the number of polyps would have been underestimated.

Conclusion

CTC is capable of serving as a safe and efficient non-invasive tool for evaluating children with clinically suspected colorectal polyps. Administration of intravenous contrast improves the sensitivity of polyp detection on CTC.     

3D DSA在诊断颅内动脉瘤中的应用价值

目的：与常规DSA比较,评价3D DSA在颅内动脉瘤血管造影诊断中的应用价值。方法：15例蛛网膜下腔出血患者入院3天内均行常规DSA/3D DSA进行检查,分析不同方法对动脉瘤病变的显示情况。结果：15例患者中发现1例烟雾病,动脉瘤患者共10例。常规DSA检出8例,仅极少数病例能明确显示瘤颈形态（2/8）和载瘤动脉与瘤体的关系（1/8）。3D DSA显示病变复杂结构的能力较常规DSA明显提高。10例3D DSA图像都清晰显示了脑动脉瘤瘤体、瘤颈形态及载瘤动脉关系。常规DSA假阳性患者经3D DSA证实为血管扭曲造成。结论：3D DSA可立体、直观地显示颅内动脉瘤及其与空间解剖关系,为手术夹闭和介入治疗方式的选择提供了有价值的影像学信息。     

Intravenous digital subtraction angiography in patients with cerebral ischaemia. Evaluation of extracranial carotid lesions

Over a two-year period, 167 patients with symptoms of transient ischaemic attacks or suspected minor stroke underwent intravenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA) of the carotid arteries. There were no major complications. Ninety-six patients had abnormal angiograms, 60 normal studies, and in 11 patients (7%) the examination was not of diagnostic quality, mostly because of motion artifacts. In 86 patients no therapeutic consequences resulted from the DSA examination. Twenty-six patients were referred for vascular surgery, and 34 patients had either anticoagulation or aspirin therapy. In 10 patients a primary medical cause was found for their cerebral vascular symptoms. It is concluded that intravenous DSA of the carotid arteries in patients with transient ischaemic attack is a safe, diagnostically useful procedure, that can also be used on an outpatient basis.     

Comparative evaluation of cerebral aneurysms with selective arterially enhanced CT and DSA

The purpose of our study was to compare selective arterially enhanced spiral computed tomographs (ACT) with digital subtraction angiographies (DSA) in the presurgical assessment of cerebral aneurysms. A total of 24 aneurysms in 18 patients were explored in a prospective study by ACT and DSA, using an interactive combined CT-angiography suite. Dimensions of the aneurysm, its relation to the parent vessel, and the aneurysmal index were defined on DSA and on surface-shaded display of 3D reformatted images obtained from ACT. Results were correlated with surgical findings. Three aneurysms suspected on DSA were not confirmed by ACT. One fusiform aneurysm suspected on DSA corresponded to a sacciform aneurysm on ACT. Surgical findings confirmed 20 sacciform aneurysms. The aneurysmal index could be measured in all 20 cases of sacciform aneurysms on ACT and could not be determined with confidence in 55 % of the cases on DSA. DSA and ACT gave identical results in 35 % of cases. In 10 %, the index measured by ACT was superior to that determined by DSA for aneurysms which had a diameter of less than 3 mm. In conclusion, the combination of DSA and ACT improved the results of DSA alone. ACT is a reliable method to measure the aneurysmal index in aneurysms with a diameter superior to 3 mm. Received 4 September 1997; Revision received 20 November 1997; Accepted 24 December 1997     

Assessment of the distal runoff in patients with long standing diabetes mellitus and lower limb ischemia: MDCTA versus DSA

Objective

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of multidetector computed tomography angiography (MDCTA) in comparison with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in patients with long standing diabetes mellitus and chronic lower limb ischemia.

Subjects and methods

One hundred patients with long standing DM and chronic limb ischemia underwent both CT angiography and DSA. The distal runoff of each lower limb was divided into 13 arterial segments. The status of each segment was graded as: 1, (normal or less than 10% stenosis); 2, (10–49% stenosis); 3, (50–99% stenosis); 4, occlusion. The effect of calcification on the diagnostic accuracy of CT angiography was evaluated. CTA findings were compared with DSA findings for each arterial segment. The sensitivity and specificity of CT angiography were determined using DSA as the gold standard.

Results

A total of 100 patients were included (mean age, 58 years; 70% men). The sensitivity and specificity of CT angiography were significantly affected by the degree of vessel wall calcification, and increase the need for additional imaging.

Conclusion

Vessel wall calcifications decrease the diagnostic accuracy of CT angiography in patients with long standing DM and peripheral arterial disease.     

脑血管DSA对出血性烟雾病的诊断价值

目的 探讨烟雾病的病因及诊断方法.方法 对20例经CT检查为蛛网膜下腔出血和脑室出血的患者做DSA脑血管造影.结果 20例患者被确诊为烟雾病,累及单侧或双侧的颈内动脉分支和椎动脉分支.结论 DSA脑血管造影是未能明确病因的脑出血患者的常规检查方法,对出血性烟雾病的诊断具有重要价值.     

可疑AD患者和抑郁性假性痴呆患者大脑血流速度的比较

目的 比较可疑阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者与抑郁性假性痴呆患者大脑血流速度的差异.方法 选择在我院就诊的可疑AD患者和抑郁性假性痴呆患者各20例;另外选取正常的志愿者20例.给予视觉刺激后,采用经颅多普勒检测受试者大脑后动脉血流速度,比较各组大脑血流速度的差异.结果 AD组和假性痴呆组患者左右侧大脑后动脉平均血流速度、静息血流速度、刺激血流速度和相对血流速度均低于对照组(P＜0.05),而AD组患者刺激时血流速度和相对血流速度明显低于假性痴呆组患者(P＜0.05).结论 可疑AD患者的神经血管耦联作用严重受损,可用于鉴别AD患者与假性痴呆患者.     

Diffusion-weighted imaging of patients with subacute cerebral ischemia: comparison with conventional and contrast-enhanced MR imaging

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The importance of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for delineating acute ischemic lesions has been investigated extensively; however, few studies have investigated the role of DWI in the subacute stage of stroke. Because these lesions tend to appear bright throughout the first days of ischemia, owing to restricted diffusion, we speculated that DWI could also improve the detection of subacute infarcts as compared with conventional and contrast-enhanced MR imaging. METHODS: Interleaved echo-planar DWI with phase navigation was performed on a 1.5-T MR unit in a consecutive series of 53 patients (mean age, 66 +/- 14 years) with suspected recent cerebral ischemia. The interval between onset of clinical symptoms and MR imaging ranged from 1 to 14 days (mean, 6 +/- 4 days). Contrast material was given to 28 patients in a dose of 0.1 mmol/kg. RESULTS: DWI clearly delineated recent ischemic damage in 39 patients (74%) as compared with 33 (62%) in whom lesions were identified or suspected on conventional T2-weighted images. DWI provided information not accessible with T2-weighted imaging in 17 patients when evidence of lesion multiplicity or detection of clinically unrelated recent lesions was included for comparison. Subacute ischemic lesions were also seen more frequently on DWI sequences than on contrast-enhanced images (20 versus 13 patients). DWI was more likely to make a diagnostic contribution in the first week of stroke and in patients with small lesions or preexisting ischemic cerebral damage than was conventional MR imaging. CONCLUSION: Recent ischemic damage is better shown on DWI sequences than on conventional and contrast-enhanced MR images throughout the first days after stroke and may provide further information about the origin of clinical symptoms. Adding DWI to imaging protocols for patients with subacute cerebral ischemia is recommended.     

神经元特异性烯醇化酶、缺血修饰蛋白在动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死的变化研究

目的探讨神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、缺血修饰蛋白(IMA)等指标与动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死(ACI)的关系。方法对脑梗死组110例和对照组100例的血清同时进行NSE、IMA、脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)项目平行检测,并分析其在脑梗死治疗后不同时间段的变化情况。结果脑梗死组NSE、IMA、Lp(a)、hs-CRP表达水平及阳性率均高于对照组,且在治疗后不同时间段各自表达变化不尽相同。结论血清NSE、IMA、Lp(a)、hs-CRP等表达变化与ACI密切相关,联合监测不同时间段血清NSE、IMA、Lp(a)、hs-CRP等指标,对ACI的治疗及预后判断有重要意义。     

Effects of obesity on noninvasive test results in patients with suspected cardiac ischemia: Insights from the PROMISE trial

BackgroundObesity is a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), but adiposity may mimic symptoms of CAD and reduce the accuracy of diagnostic testing.MethodsPatients from the PROMISE trial (n = 8889) were classified according to body mass index (BMI). We assessed relationships between BMI, physician's preference of functional test, test positivity, and results of invasive coronary angiography (Cath) using logistic regression models.ResultsNearly half (48%) of the patients had BMI ≥ 30 kg/m², and 20% had BMI ≥ 35. Providers were more likely to prefer nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) over other functional tests as BMI increased. The rate of test positivity with coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA) was not different (10% vs. 12%) in patients with BMI ≥35 vs. < 35. The same was true for stress echocardiogram and stress electrocardiogram (positivity 8–13%, P > 0.8 for both). In contrast, MPI was significantly more likely to be positive in those with BMI ≥35 vs. <35 (18% vs. 13%; P = 0.001). The likelihood of obstructive CAD at Cath did not differ with BMI ≥35 vs. <35 in patients having CTA (52% vs. 59%, P = 0.22), but among MPI patients, Cath positivity was only 29% with BMI ≥35 vs. 48% with BMI <35 (P = 0.005). Radiation exposure increased with higher BMI in both MPI and CTA groups.ConclusionsIncreasing levels of obesity adversely affect the diagnostic yield of MPI more than CTA. The degree of obesity should be considered when choosing evaluation strategies for patients with chest pain.Clinical Trial RegistrationPROMISE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01174550