药学研究生科学论文写作课程教学的探索

结合四川大学药学专业研究生学术学位平台课程科学论文写作概论,文章介绍了药学专业研究生学术英语写作教学开展的初步实践与探索,总结课程建设过程中的经验与不足,为提高国内药学专业研究生学术写作能力提供相关课程教学参考。     

关于药学科技英语教学的思考

基础英语教学结束之后,科技英语应成为高校英语教学的主体,以实现向专业英语学习的衔接和过渡。药学科技英语教学应围绕药学这一特定的科技语域进行,学习和掌握传递药学科技信息这种语码的共同特性和规律,如其词汇使用、句法概念和文体特征等,使英语学习真正实现为所学专业服务的目的。     

沈阳药科大学期刊编辑部首届全国药学研究生论文交流会征文通知(第一轮)

<正>为扩大研究生在药学领域中的学术视野,推动学术和科研创新,加强全国各高校药学研究生之间的学术交流,由沈阳药科大学主办,沈阳药科大学期刊编辑部、沈阳药科大学药物分析学科承办的"沈阳药科大学期刊编辑部首届全国药学研究生论文交流会"拟于2016年8月在沈阳召开。本次会议将邀请     

工业药学领域药学硕士专业学位研究生课程体系改革探索

目的:为完善工业药学领域药学硕士专业学位研究生课程体系提供参考。方法:采用比较研究法分析了国内9所"985"高等院校工业药学领域药学硕士专业学位研究生课程体系现状,在此基础上对我校药学院工业药学领域药学硕士专业学位研究生课程体系的改革思路及措施进行总结和阐述。结果与结论:工业药学领域药学硕士专业学位研究生课程体系方面,存在部分高等院校课程体系定位不明确、课程多与药学学术型硕士研究生或制药工程硕士研究生趋同、职业培训知识课程有名无实以及缺乏实践性课程等问题。我校药学院以努力实现工业药学领域药学硕士专业学位研究生课程体系的独立性和实践性为主要思路进行课程体系改革探索,重新定位了区别于药学学术型硕士研究生的培养目标;本着"充分合理利用现有课程"的原则梳理了现有课程;增加了职业培训知识课程和实践性课程;创新了教学方法。经过改革,该专业研究生毕业时的就业率逐年提高。     

沈阳药科大学期刊编辑部首届全国药学研究生论文交流会征文通知(第一轮)

<正>为扩大研究生在药学领域中的学术视野,推动学术和科研创新,加强全国各高校药学研究生之间的学术交流,由沈阳药科大学主办,沈阳药科大学期刊编辑部、沈阳药科大学药物分析学科承办的"沈阳药科大学期刊编辑部首届全国药学研究生论文交流会"拟于2016年8月在沈阳召开。本次会议将邀请国内药学领域知名专家做大会特邀报告。现诚挚欢迎国内各兄弟院校药学、药物制剂、制药工程、生物     

药学硕士专业学位研究生培养体系的探索与实践

随着专业学位研究生招生人数在药学硕士中占比不断提高,专业学位药学硕士和学术学位药学硕士分类培养的问题受到教育部门和学术界重点关注。本文介绍了新形势下对于药学硕士专业学位研究生的培养体系的探索与创新,并针对现有药学硕士专业学位研究生培养体系中普遍存在的课程设置、导师队伍建设、专业实践、成果评价等难题提出了若干行之有效的措施。     

如何培养医院药学专业研究生的科研创新思维

培养药学研究生的创新能力,提升高级人才的培养质量,这是我国当前药学研究生教育的主要目标。本文从研究生导师的角度出发,从培养良好的科研创新和自学意识、加强对研究生的科研指导、营造学术创新氛围、搭建科研合作平台和参与医院药学科研实践活动等方面对培养医院药学研究生的科研创新思维进行较为深入具体的探讨。     

基于转化医学理念的药学研究生教学

当前药学研究生教育中存在基础理论知识与药物研究实际相脱节的问题,导致药学专业研究生对新药研发认识不足。针对这一现状,探讨药学研究生教学的新思路势在必行。转化医学是一个药学、医学、生命科学交叉融合和飞速发展的领域,对药学研究生而言,开展基于转化医学发展原则和实践理念的药学教育,无疑是优化药学研究生培养模式的重要途径,将帮助学生更加深刻地理解即将从事的新药研发工作,培养有能力将基础研究成果向临床应用转化的人才。     

完善我国社会药学研究生课程路径研究

目的为进一步优化我国社会药学类研究生课程提供参考。方法对比我国与美国社会药学研究生课程的区别，分析我国3所大学社会药学研究生的满意度问卷调查结果。结果我国社会药学研究生对知识掌握的合理程度很不理想，多数学生认为应该加强社会实践课程、应用课程以及方法论课程的学习。结论我国应深化基础社会药学理论，增设社会药学理论工具课程，让学生多参与实践学习。     

药学研究生教育面临的挑战及对策分析

目的分析我国药学研究生教育面临的挑战,探讨相关对策。方法运用文献分析法和系统分析法,比较国内外药学研究生教育发展状况,阐述问题应对策略。结论与讨论药学研究生的社会需求近年来发生较大变化,健康干预结果研究、制剂研究和产品研发等领域对毕业生的需求日益增长,也对研究生的专业素质和基本的社会适应能力提出了更高要求;而当前的研究生教育偏重于培养知识型学术型人才,忽视应用型人才培养,同时研究生教育存在过度依赖科研经费等问题。为适应药学事业发展需要,应当完善科学学位的研究生教育,开拓临床药学专业学位教育项目,加强对研究生教育工作的评价。     

Application of text mining approach to pre-education prior to clinical practice

We developed a new survey analysis technique to understand students' actual aims for effective pretraining prior to clinical practice. We asked third-year undergraduate students to write fixed-style complete and free sentences on "preparation of drug dispensing." Then, we converted their sentence data in to text style and performed Japanese-language morphologic analysis on the data using language analysis software. We classified key words, which were created on the basis of the word class information of the Japanese language morphologic analysis, into categories based on causes and characteristics. In addition to this, we classified the characteristics into six categories consisting of those concepts including "knowledge," "skill and attitude," "image," etc. with the KJ method technique. The results showed that the awareness of students of "preparation of drug dispensing" tended to be approximately three-fold more frequent in "skill and attitude," "risk," etc. than in "knowledge." Regarding the characteristics in the category of the "image," words like "hard," "challenging," "responsibility," "life," etc. frequently occurred. The results of corresponding analysis showed that the characteristics of the words "knowledge" and "skills and attitude" were independent. As the result of developing a cause-and-effect diagram, it was demonstrated that the phase "hanging tough" described most of the various factors. We thus could understand students' actual feelings by applying text-mining as a new survey analysis technique.     

Self-stimulation and local injections of 6-hydroxydopamine into the rat brain: Enhanced behavioral depressive effects of α-methylparatyrosine

The effects of intracerebral injections of 6-OHDA on self-stimulation were examined. Small amounts of 6-OHDA were injected either in the area ventralis tegmenti (AVT) or laterally in the pedonculus cerebellaris superior (PCS), then all rats were implanted in the AVT. In spite of marked depletion of brain catecholamines, self-stimulation learning was not altered by PCS 6-OHDA injections, whereas, AVT 6-OHDA injections produced a small perturbance. The administration of low doses of AMPT which had no observable effect in control rats, produced a severe depression of self-stimulation rates in 6-OHDA pretreated rats. The depressive effect of AMPT is always more important in rats injected with 6-OHDA in the AVT than those injected at the level of PCS. The respective role of noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurons in AVT self-stimulation are discussed.     

Japanese medicines studied by Hepburn, an American missionary, in 1860s

In the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate when Japan was opened its door to trade, J.C. Hepburn came to Japan, and he contributed to the modernization of Japan as a missionary, a doctor and an instructor. His great academic achievement was publishing a Japanese-English and English-Japanese dictionary. The dictionary contained words which were generally used in those days. It is said that it was way of living and culture in Japan as seen by an American. Words about medicine show the conditions of the business of medicine in those days. Until 1889 a pharmacist was not professionalized yet, nor was the separation of dispensary from medical practice effective. As most of doctors were Chinese herb doctors, there was not the word "MD." As Chinese doctors were the leading ones, lots of words about herb were mentioned. We can find only a few words about chemicals. The common people used patent medicine such as Daranisuke, Mankintan. Less than 100 years, sorts of medicine in Japan have changed to those of medicine in Western countries.     

Embryonic differentiation of sexual dimorphism in vasotocin and mesotocin levels in chickens.

Chicken embryos of both sexes were injected on the tenth day of incubation with either estradiol benzoate (EB), aromatase inhibitor [1,4,6-androstatrien-3, 17-dione (ATD)], antiestrogen [tamoxifen (TAM)], antiandrogen [flutamide (FLU)], or the oil vehicle as control (C). At adulthood, at the age of 26 weeks, 10 chickens of each sex were killed and the amounts of immunoreactive arginine vasotocin (AVT) and mesotocin (MT) in the anterior hypothalamus (AHA), posterior hypothalamus (PHA), neurohypophysis (NHP), and pineal gland (PNL) were determined. Control hens had significantly more AVT in PNL and less MT in AHA and NHP than the corresponding roosters. This sexual dimorphism was affected by the embryonic treatments; TAM increased AVT in AHA of cockerels but not of hens. In both sexes, TAM and FLU increased AVT content in NYP. In males, but not in females, ATD also increased AVT content in the NHP. TAM and FLU administration to the female embryo reduced PNL AVT to the amount present in normal males. None of the treatments effected AHA MT in hens, while in cockerels TAM increased it. In females, TAM and FLU significantly increased NHP MT to the level of C males. In roosters, ATD, TAM, and FLU increased NHP MT further. In hens, but not roosters, FLU reduced MT in PNL. These results indicate that embryonic differentiation of the MT and AVT systems is affected by gonadal steroids in chickens.     

实习带教教师对不同层次及专业医学生临床实习的评价

目的为了解不同层次及专业医学生的临床实习水平,探讨提高医学生实习水平的方法。方法 4个不同层次及专业医学生临床实习结束后,对河南科技大学第一附属医院实习带教教师进行问卷调查分析。结果带教教师对不同层次及专业医学生的总体评价、实习学生态度方面比较差异无统计学意义;在临床知识掌握程度方面本科临床医学专业的医学生较其他医学生得分高,差异有统计学意义;在与人沟通能力方面临床专业医学生较其他专业得分高,差异有统计学意义。结论针对带教老师对不同层次与专业医学生的评价结果有重点的提高医学生的实习水平。     

Vascular action of natural vasopressin-like peptides in isolated rat tail artery.

The literature data regarding the vasoconstriction potency of natural vasopressin-like peptides are contradictory. The cumulative concentration-response curve for arginine-vasopressin (AVP), lysine-vasopressin (LVP), arginine-vasotocin (AVT), lysine-vasotocin (LVT) and phenypressin (PHP) on the isolated rat tail artery was determined. The potency rank of these peptides on the vascular smooth muscle of the rat tail artery was the following: AVP greater than LVP greater than AVT = LVT greater than PHP. The results are discussed in comparison to the data in the literature.     

东莞市万江区小学生龋齿与口腔卫生行为调查

目的 了解东莞市万江区小学生龋齿患情况及口腔卫生行为状况.方法 按照《中国卫生监督统计报表学校卫生情况年报表技术规范》要求做龋齿患病检查,自制问卷调查学生口腔卫生行为.结果 患龋齿率为61.43%,其中男生高于女生,城市学生高于农村;较多学生刷牙方法不正确,刷牙时间不够.结论 东莞市万江区小学生患龋齿率较高,学生口腔卫生状况较差,应通过各种措施改善学生口腔卫生状况,达到防龋齿的目的.     

物理化学教学中培养学生综合思维能力的探讨

高等学校学生综合能力培养是教学的一个重要任务,学习知识,构建知识,归纳知识和运用知识的四种思维能力是体现学生综合能力的重要指标.本文提出了在物理化学教学中学生综合能力培养的重要性,论述了在合理构建知识框架的基础上培养综合思维能力的内涵和具体措施.     

Photoaffinity, biotinyl, and iodo analogues as probes for vasotocin receptors

Vasotocin (AVT) analogues with tyrosine or phenylalanine in position 9, i.e., [9-tyrosine]AVT, [2-phenylalanine,-9-tyrosine]AVT, and 1-desamino[9-(p-aminophenylalanine)]AVT, were synthesized by the solid-phase method. These compounds showed a high biological activity in the hydroosmotic toad bladder assay. Using the chemically reactive functional groups on tyrosine and p-aminophenylalanine in position 9, we prepared iodinated, photoreactive, and affinity ligands, i.e., [2-phenylalanine,9-(iodotyrosine)]AVT, 1-desamino[9-(p-azidophenylalanine)]AVT, and 1-desamino[9-(biotinylphenylalanine)]AVT, respectively. Half-maximal hydroosmotic responses (ED-50 values) were obtained with 2.5 X 10(-9) M for the iodinated analogue, with 0.9 X 10(-10) M for the photoaffinity analogue, and with 1.2 X 10(-8) M for the biotinyl analogue. The hydroosmotic activity of the biotinyl analogue was reversed following addition of avidin, whereas the photoaffinity analogue induced a persistent response following UV irradiation that was not reversed upon repeated and prolonged periods of washout. These analogues of vasotocin are the most potent that have been synthesized to date, and they should serve as useful probes in the isolation and characterization of vasotocin receptors in toad bladders and tissues from other species that use vasotocin as an antidiuretic/pressor principle. The photoaffinity and biotinyl analogues had a rat antidiuretic activity of 66 and 40 units/mg, respectively. These compounds are, therefore, also suitable for the isolation of V-2 vasopressin receptors from mammalian tissues.     

Localization of ARG-vasopressin-like material in central neurones and mechanism of action of ARG-vasotocin on identified neurones of the snail Helix aspersa

Immunocytochemical and electrophysiological studies were made on neurones in the suboesophageal ganglia of Helix aspersa. A group of neurones in the anterior dorsal surface of each parietal ganglion showed positive immunoreactivity to an antibody to arginine vasopressin (AVP), as did the neuropile and the nerves associated with the parietal and visceral ganglia. The only peripheral tissue to exhibit positive immunoreactivity to AVP was the optic tentacle, where positive immunoreactive fibres were present in the optic nerve and cell bodies below the retinal cell layer. Two central neurones, F1 and E13 were excited by arginine vasotocin (AVT), threshold 1-10 nM, and the ionic mechanism associated with this response was investigated. This excitation involved both sodium and calcium ions with an overall increase in resistance. In low sodium Ringer, the AVT response was greatly reduced, while in calcium-free 3 mM cobalt Ringer, the response was potentiated. Changing the external concentrations of potassium and chloride ions had no apparent effect on the response. The amplitude of the excitation induced by AVT was enhanced when the cells were hyperpolarized. Most of the other neurones tested failed to respond to AVT though the excitatory response of certain cells to acetylcholine was enhanced by 0.1 microM AVT. Excitation by 5-hydroxytryptamine was unaffected in the cells tested. This study provides further evidence for a role for an AVT-like peptide in the nervous system of Helix.