全身麻醉复合硬膜外麻醉用于老年高血压患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术的效果

目的分析全身麻醉复合硬膜外麻醉用于老年高血压患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)的效果。方法随机将76例接受LC的老年高血压患者分为2组,各38例。对照组实施全身麻醉,观察组实施全身麻醉复合硬膜外麻醉。比较2组患者入室后(T_0)、气管插管即刻(T_1)、气腹后15 min(T_2)、气管拔管后10 min(T_3)的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)及术后睁眼时间、定向力恢复时间、术后2 h疼痛程度及苏醒期烦躁发生率。结果 (1)2组患者T_0时各项血流动力学指标差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)2组患者T_1、 T_2、T_3时各项血流动力学指标均明显高于T_0时,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)观察组T_1、T_2、T_3时各项血流动力学指标均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(4)观察组术后睁眼时间、定向力恢复时间均短于对照组,术后2 h疼痛程度VSA评分和苏醒期烦躁发生率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论全身麻醉复合硬膜外麻醉用于老年高血压患者LC,有利于维持术中血流动力学稳定,缩短术后恢复时间和降低苏醒期疼痛和烦躁程度,效果肯定。     

静脉全麻复合硬膜外麻醉用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床观察

目的:探讨静脉全麻复合硬膜外麻醉用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)的麻醉效果,并与单纯静脉全麻比较。方法:随机将LC60例患者分为对照组(静脉全麻)与观察组(静脉全麻复合硬膜外麻醉),每组30例。记录麻醉前、麻醉后(气管插管后或硬膜外平面固定后期气腹前)、气腹后5min及术毕时的SBP、DBP、HR、呼之睁眼时间、拔管时间、术后恶心呕吐(PONV)发生例数及8h内的平均VAS评分、两组异丙酚的用量。结果:两组患者术中血流动力学变化无显著性差异;观察组患者苏醒质量、PONV、8h平均VAS评分及异丙酚量与对照组有显著性差异。结论:LC全麻复合硬膜外麻醉对循环和呼吸的干扰小,清醒质量高且经济安全。     

全身麻醉联合硬膜外麻醉在老年高血压患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的作用

目的 探讨全身麻醉联合硬膜外麻醉在高血压老年患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的麻醉效果.方法 将择期行LC的高血压老年患者64例分为对照组和观察组,对照组和观察组分别采用全身麻醉和全身麻醉联合硬膜外麻醉,比较两组患者术中的血流动力学情况[收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)]、激素[生长激素(GH)、催乳素(PRL)和皮质醇(Cor)]水平及术后麻醉恢复情况.结果 除血氧饱和度外,观察组患者在插管后即刻(T1)、气腹后10 min(T2)、拔管前即刻(T3)的SBP、DBP、HR均较对照组明显降低(P＜0.05);观察组患者T1、T2和T3时生长激素、催乳素和皮质醇水平较对照组患者明显降低(P＜0.05);观察组术后呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间、定向力恢复时间均较对照组明显缩短(P＜0.05),且苏醒期烦躁发生率较对照组明显降低(P＜0.05).结论 全身麻醉联合硬膜外麻醉用于高血压老年患者LC血流动力学指标稳定,激素应激反应较轻,麻醉恢复快.     

硬膜外麻醉在小儿腹腔镜手术中的应用研究

目的:探讨硬膜外麻醉用于小儿腹腔镜下腹部手术的可行性、安全性和实用性。方法:选择4~10岁ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级腹腔镜下行阑尾切除、疝囊腹壁内环口高位结扎术患儿60例,随机分为两组。A组30例,常规气管插管氯胺酮复合咪唑安定静脉全麻。B组30例,基础麻醉后行连续硬膜外麻醉,常规紧闭面罩给氧、辅助呼吸;术中连续监测HR、SBP、DBP、SpO2、PETCO2。结果:两组患儿术中安静、麻醉满意、肌松良好。气腹后HR、SBP、DBP、PETCO2均高于气腹前(P<0.05),但尚在正常范围,组间比较无明显差异(P>0.05),放气后10m in上述参数恢复至气腹前水平。两组SpO2为98%~100%,无差异。苏醒时间A组明显长于B组(P<0.05)。结论:连续硬膜外麻醉用于手术时间较短的腹腔镜小儿下腹部手术效果确切,对呼吸循环的影响轻,术毕苏醒快,是可行的麻醉方法。     

全麻硬膜外联合麻醉与食管癌根治术中的临床应用

目的:观察全麻联合硬膜外阻滞麻醉用于食管癌手术的可行性。方法:26例择期食道中或下段癌根治术病人随机分为两组:A组全麻联合硬膜外组;B组单纯全麻组。术中监测并记录麻醉前、插管后1min,切皮,手术2h和拔管即刻五个时间段的平均动脉压、心率及血糖改变。计算全麻用药量、拔管及完全苏醒时间。结果:A组血压、心率改变较为B组平稳(P<0.05),A组血糖在麻醉前后无明显变化,而B组则显著升高(P<0.01)。A组全麻用药量少(P<0.01),拔管及完全苏醒时间短(P<0.01)。结论:全麻联合硬外阻滞用于食管癌手术,具有麻醉平稳应激反应小,苏醒快等优点,是一种可行的麻醉方法。     

梗阻性黄疸手术应用单纯全麻与全麻复合硬膜外阻滞疗效比较

目的比较单纯全麻和全麻复合硬膜外阻滞在梗阻性黄疸手术中对患者血液动力学变化及术后苏醒的影响。方法选择40例梗阻性黄疸患者,随机分成单纯全麻组(全麻组)、全麻复合硬膜外阻滞组(复合组),每组20例。两组全麻方法相同,复合组在全麻基础上是复合低浓度小剂量硬膜外阻滞。记录入室后、插管时、术中、拔管时的HR、MAP,两组病人麻醉维持用药量及清醒拔管时间,术后躁动情况。结果复合组在插管拔管过程中HR、MAP均较全麻组低且平稳(P<0.05),全麻组拔管反应剧烈,在插管、拔管时各项指标与诱导前比较均显著升高(P<0.05)。全麻组全麻用药芬太尼、异氟醚、维库溴铵等用药量均显著多于复合组(P<0.05)。复合组较全麻组清醒快,拔管时间明显早于全麻组(P<0.05)。复合组发生躁动1例,显著低于全麻组的11例,P<0.05)。结论全麻复合硬膜外阻滞更加适合于梗阻性黄疸病人的麻醉。     

两种麻醉方法行妇科腔镜手术的临床对比

目的:探讨妇科腔镜手术时分别采用全麻和全麻联合硬膜外阻滞对患者术中血流动力学及术后苏醒情况的影响。方法:40例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级择期行妇科腔镜手术病人,随机分为全麻组20例(A组)和全麻联合硬外组(B组),分别监测并记录麻醉前(T0)、麻醉后10min(T1)、气腹后15min(T2)、术毕苏醒后10min(T3)时的血压(BP)、心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2),观察两组病人术中全麻药用量及术后苏醒情况。结果:A组病人术中全麻药用量明显多于B组,A组病人术毕苏醒时间较B组长,且苏醒程度较差,在麻醉及气腹后A组病人的血压和心率较麻醉前差异有显著性或非常显著(P<0.05或P<0.01),B组的血压、心率在气腹后组间比较差异非常显著(P<0.01)。结论:在妇科腔镜手术中,全麻联合硬膜外阻滞有利于患者术中血流动力学的平稳,较单纯全麻更为安全可行。     

不同麻醉方法在小儿腹腔镜手术中的应用体会

目的:对比分析不同麻醉方法对小儿腹腔镜手术患者插管及拔管前后心率、并发症情况的影响。方法:随机将56例腹腔镜手术患儿分为骶管复合气管插管全麻组(A组)、骶管复合喉罩全麻组(B组)、单纯喉罩全麻组(C组)、单纯气管插管全麻组(D组),每组14例。患儿10个月~5岁,体重9.5~21 kg。分别于麻醉插管后即刻、拔管前1 min、拔管后即刻记录心率变化,观察拔管时有无喉痉挛、呼吸道分泌物情况,术中记录心率、血氧饱和度、呼气末二氧化碳分压及BIS值。术后2 h内观察有无咽喉部疼痛不适、声音嘶哑、哭闹、咳嗽、呼吸异常及意识恢复情况。结果:B组插管后即刻、拔管后即刻对心率的影响较其他三组小,患儿术后清醒时咽喉部疼痛、咳嗽、喉痉挛、呼吸道分泌物明显减少,耐受的BIS指数更高。拔除喉罩患儿呼吸更平稳、清醒更彻底。结论:小儿腹腔镜手术行骶管复合喉罩全麻患儿麻醉前后心率的变化波动较小,术后患儿清醒更彻底,并发症更少。     

硬膜外复合静脉全麻与单纯全麻在腹腔镜子宫切除术中的应用价值

目的对比腹腔镜子宫切除术中应用硬膜外复合静脉全麻与单纯全麻的价值。方法选择2018年1月至2018年12月本院收治的行腹腔镜子宫切除术治疗的患者62例,采用随机数表法分为两组。其中31例应用硬膜外复合静脉全麻的为A组,31例应用单纯全麻的为B组。对比两组麻醉效果、术中术后情况。结果 B组丙泊酚、维库溴铵、异氟醚在术中的麻醉用量均高于A组,A组手术时间、恢复自主呼吸时间、拔管时间、术后完全清醒时间均少于B组,B组麻醉诱导后MAP、HR水平较诱导前均显著下降,建立气腹后、术毕、拔管后平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)水平均逐渐上升,在麻醉诱导后各时间段血糖浓度均升高,与麻醉诱导前相比差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),B组麻醉诱导后、建立气腹后、术毕、拔管后血糖浓度均高于A组,两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05);A组、B组不良反应发生率分别为12.90%、38.71%,B组显著高于A组,两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论硬膜外复合静脉全麻应用于腹腔镜子宫切除术麻醉效果好,术中麻醉用量少,患者苏醒快,生命体征波动小,不良反应少,值得在临床推广。     

不同麻醉方法用于胸科手术患者的效果

目的探讨胸科手术不同麻醉方法的效果。方法择期拟行胸科手术患者90例,性别不限,年龄18～65岁,ASA分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级。采用随机数字表法,将患者分为2组(n=45):静吸复合全麻组(Ⅰ组)和全麻联合硬膜外麻醉组(Ⅱ组)。Ⅰ组麻醉诱导后,吸入七氟醚,持续输注丙泊酚维持麻醉;Ⅱ组先采取硬膜外麻醉,麻醉平面稳定后全麻诱导,吸入七氟醚维持麻醉。于术前30 min时、术中10 min时、术后10 min时记录患者的SBP、MAP、DBP、HR、SpO2。术毕记录患者气管导管拔管时间、自主呼吸恢复时间及完全清醒时间,并记录气管导管拔管即刻(T1)、拔管后5 min(T2)、10 min(T3)及20 min(T4)的RSS镇静评分。结果与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组术中及术后10 min时SBP、MAP、DBP和HR降低,自主呼吸恢复时间、拔管时间及完全清醒时间显著缩短,T1-4时RSS镇静评分明显升高(P0.05)。结论全麻联合硬膜外麻醉用于胸科手术的效果优于静吸复合麻醉。     

Evaluation of postoperative pain relief by infiltration of bupivacaine or epidural block after laparoscopic cholecystectomy]

We compared the analgesic effect of bupivacaine infiltration into surgical wounds with that of epidural block after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Forty-five patients (ASA physical status I-II) for LC were randomized into three groups (n = 15 in each group). Patients received only general anesthesia (Group C), received infiltration of 0.5% bupivacaine into the surgical wound before surgery combined with general anesthesia (Group L), or received epidural anesthesia combined with general anesthesia (Group E). Postoperative pain was assessed using visual analogue scale (scale: 0-10) at 1, 2, 6 and 12 hours after the operation, the need for additional supplemental analgesics, and the cost of anesthesia. Visual analogue scale in Group C at 1, 2, or 6 hours was significantly greater than that of Group L and E. The number of patients who needed supplemental analgesics was 9 in Group C, 5 in Group L, and 2 in Group E. The cost of pharmaceutical and anesthetic practice of Group E was more expensive than Group L and C. In conclusion, infiltration of bupivacaine combined with general anesthesia is an effective and economical method of postoperative pain relief.     

Comparison of radical retropubic prostatectomy under combined lumbar spinal and epidural anesthesia with that under combined general and epidural anesthesia

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of combined lumbar spinal and epidural (CLSE) anesthesia in retropubic radical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty consecutive patients who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy by a single surgeon (H.K.) under CLSE anesthesia from July of 2003 to February of 2004 were selected as subjects. They were compared with 20 consecutive patients who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy performed by the same surgeon under combined general and epidural (CGE) anesthesia from April to December of 2002. Both periods were carefully selected to exclude radical prostatectomies with intraoperative complications to evaluate genuine effects of anesthesia. For lumbar spinal anesthesia, 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine hydrochloride or 0.5% hyperbaric tetracaine hydrochloride (dissolved in a 10% glucose solution) was used. An epidural tube was inserted for both lumbar spinal anesthesia and general anesthesia mainly for the purpose of controlling a pain after operation. RESULTS: Intraoperative blood loss was significantly less in the CLSE anesthesia group compared with CGE anesthesia group (p = 0.024). Postoperative water drinking was started at 0.4 days (average) for CLSE anesthesia and at 1.1 days (average) for CGE anesthesia (p < 0.0001). Postoperative diet was begun at 0.7 days (average) for CLSE anesthesia and at 1.5 days (average) for CGE anesthesia (p < 0.0001). Compared with the CLSE anesthesia group, the mean of the highest intraoperative mean blood pressure was significantly higher in the CGE anesthesia group (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Intraoperative blood loss was less, intraoperative change in blood pressure was less and recovery of postoperative intestinal peristalsis was earlier in patients who underwent prostatectomy under CLSE anesthesia than in patients who underwent prostatectomy under CGE anesthesia. We believe that prostatectomy under CLSE anesthesia is more advantageous than prostatectomy under CGE anesthesia.     

Comparison of epidural anesthesia and general anesthesia for patients with bronchial asthma

We prospectively investigated the incidence of asthmatic attacks in 94 patients (1.5%) who were diagnosed as definite asthma. We separated the patients into three groups: epidural anesthesia (n = 10) including combined spinal/epidural anesthesia (n = 7), combined epidural and general anesthesia (n = 23), and general anesthesia (n = 54). General anesthesia was induced with propofol or midazolam and maintained with N2O and O2 with sevoflurane in adults. Patients who underwent epidural anesthesia and combined spinal and epidural anesthesia showed no asthmatic attacks. The incidence of bronchospasm with combined epidural and general anesthesia was 2/23. The incidence of bronchospasm with general anesthesia was 4/54. Bronchoconstriction occurred after tracheal intubation in 5 patients except in one patient, in whom it occurred after induction of anesthesia with midazolam. All episodes of bronchospasm in the operative period were treated successfully. The frequency of bronchospasm did not depend on the severity of asthmatic symptoms or the chronic use of bronchodilators before operation. These findings suggest that tracheal intubation, not the choice of anesthetic, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of bronchospasm.     

全麻复合硬膜外阻滞与单纯全麻用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术的比较研究

目的：比较异丙酚全麻复合硬膜外和单纯异丙酚全麻用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）对BP、HR、血儿茶酚胺、皮质醇和血气等的影响。方法：44例行LC患者随机分成异丙酚全麻组（A组,22例）和异丙酚全麻复合硬膜外组（B组,22例）。术中连续监测HR、BP和和SpO2,分别分时段测定血气及血肾上腺素（E）、去甲肾上腺素（NE）及皮质醇（COS）浓度。结果：（1）气腹时A组HR和BP均明显增加（P＜0.05）;B组各指标无明显变化（P＞0.05）。（2）气腹时两组PaO2、HCO3均明显增高（P＜0.05）,但两组间各指标无明显差异（P＞0.05）。（3）E、NE及COS浓度,气腹时A组有明显差异（P＜0.05）;B组无明显变化（P＞0.05）。结论：异丙酚全麻复合硬膜外用于LC时机体应激反应轻,是较理想的麻醉方法。     

硬膜外阻滞时罗哌卡因和布比卡因的药代动力学

目的 研究国人在硬腊外阻滞时罗哌卡因和布比卡因的药代动力学特征。方法 选择１４例手术病人、随机分为两组、硬膜外阻滞时,分别注产哌卡因２．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ或布比卡因２．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ。用气相色谱法测定血浆药物浓度。结果 罗哌卡因和布比卡因的药＝时曲线均会合二室开放模型。ｔ１／２ｋａ分别为０．２２小时和０．１４小时,Ｔ分别为０．５１和０．４７小时,Ｃａｍｘ分别１．０６ｍｇ．／ｋｇ．Ｌ＾１和１．４４ｍｇ．Ｌ＾     

腹腔镜直肠癌手术中全身麻醉复合硬膜外麻醉对患者的影响

目的:探讨腹腔镜直肠癌手术中全身麻醉复合硬膜外麻醉对患者血流动力学、呼吸功能及苏醒时间的影响。方法:选取2014年5月至2016年5月收治的80例腹腔镜直肠癌手术患者,依据随机数字表法分为全身麻醉复合硬膜外麻醉组(联合麻醉组,n=40)与单独全身麻醉组(单独麻醉组,n=40),对比分析两组患者的血流动力学、呼吸功能及苏醒时间。结果:术中2h、术后联合麻醉组患者的心率、动脉压、气道压、呼吸末二氧化碳分压均显著低于单独麻醉组(P0.05),苏醒时间、意识恢复时间、回答问题切题时间、术后拔管时间均显著短于单独麻醉组(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜直肠癌手术中全身麻醉复合硬膜外麻醉患者的血流动力学、呼吸功能均较稳定,苏醒时间较短。     

硬膜外复合全身麻醉对梗阻性黄疸术后肠屏障功能的影响

目的探讨硬膜外复合全身麻醉对梗阻性黄疸患者术后肠屏障功能的影响。方法选择梗阻性黄疸拟行手术治疗患者40例,男15例,女25例,年龄26~65岁,ASAⅠ~Ⅲ级,手术时间90~320min,血清总胆红素(TBIL)水平100μmol/L。所有患者随机分为全凭静脉麻醉组(GA组)和硬膜外复合全麻组(GE组),每组20例。GA组患者面罩吸氧后快速诱导气管插管行全身麻醉,GE组患者取左侧卧位行T8~9或T9~10间隙硬膜外穿刺并置管,改平卧位后予以2%利多卡因5ml试验量,5min确认无麻醉并发症及其他异常后行全身麻醉。于入手术室后(T1)、术毕(T2)、术后24h(T3)和术后48h(T4)分别采集外周静脉血,采用ELISA法测定血浆D-乳酸(D-LA)浓度;PCR技术定性检测大肠杆菌特异性β-半乳糖苷酶基因BG;提取血浆标本中的细菌DNA,进行PCR扩增,凝胶电泳后扫描凝胶并分析结果。结果与T1时比较,T2~T4时两组血浆D-LA浓度明显逐步升高(P0.05);T2~T4时GA组D-LA浓度明显高于GE组(P0.05)。PCR技术定性检测大肠杆菌特异性半乳糖苷酶基因BG,扩增长度为762bp。T1时两组患者大肠杆菌DNA检测结果均为阴性,术后两组患者大肠杆菌DNA阳性例数随时间依次增多,且T4时GA组明显高于GE组(P0.05)。结论与全凭静脉麻醉比较,硬膜外复合全身麻醉能够减轻梗阻性黄疸患者术后肠屏障功能的损伤。     

Spinal anesthesia for endoluminal abdominal aortic aneurysm repair

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether spinal anesthesia can be safely used for patients under endoluminal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: University hospital. PARTICIPANTS: 38 patients who underwent endoluminal AAA repair from 1999 to 2000. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The charts of 38 patients who underwent endoluminal AAA repair from 1999 to 2000 were reviewed for variables known to be associated with AAA repair. Twenty-four patients had spinal anesthesia (63%), 13 patients had general anesthesia (35%), 1 patient had epidural anesthesia (2%). Eight patients (33%) in the spinal group eventually had to have general anesthesia. Reasons included prolonged procedure in six cases and patient intolerance and anxiety in two cases. CONCLUSION: Endoluminal AAA repair can be safely performed with spinal anesthesia. The major disadvantage of spinal anesthesia is limited duration of anesthesia. The anesthesia team must be prepared to induce general anesthesia at any time. The decision regarding anesthetic technique should focus on patient and physician needs and preferences.     

麻醉方式对老年创伤患者术后早期认知功能的影响

目的研究麻醉方法对老年创伤患者术后早期认知功能的影响。方法50例年龄≥65岁的股骨手术老年患者随机分成全身麻醉组(G组,28例)和单侧腰-硬联合麻醉组(E组,22例)。采用神经心理学测试技术简易智力状态检查(MMSE)术前1d及术后第1天进行评定认知功能。术后认知功能障碍(POCD)的诊断是首先计算所有患者麻醉前MMSE评分,患者以麻醉前测试值为对照,等于或超过1个标准差判断患者出现POCD。结果G组术后早期MMSE值低于E组(P0.05);G组术后早期POCD的发生率为42.9%,明显高于E组的13.6%(P0.05)。结论与腰-硬联合麻醉相比,全身麻醉可增加老年创伤患者术后早期第1天POCD的发生率。