螺旋CT对中央型肺癌临床分期的诊断价值

目的：探讨螺旋CT（SCT）对中央型肺癌术前分期的价值。方法：经手术和病理证实的支气管肺癌共88例，将SCT检查结果与病理进行对照分析。结果：螺旋CT分期和术后病理符合率为：I期83．3％，Ⅱ期87．0％，ⅢA期94．1％，ⅢB期95．0％，Ⅳ期100％，总体符合率92．0％。螺旋CT诊断淋巴结转移的敏感性82．9％，特异性83．3％，准确率83．0％。结论：螺旋CT对中央型肺癌术前分期有较高的准确性，对指导临床制定治疗方案具有较高价值。     

胃癌术前淋巴分期的影像学比较研究

目的：本研究利用多层螺旋CT、MRI以及内镜超声检查前瞻性地对胃癌进行术前N分期并与病理结果对照，确定其在胃癌术前分期中的作用。材料和方法：经胃镜证实的291例胃癌患者于术前1周内行MSCT检查，其中有72例行EUS检查，另有48例胃癌患者行MRI和MSCT比较研究。术后将病理与检查结果相对照。结果：MSCT对N分期的判断准确率为72．2％。在MSCT和EUS的比较研究中，EUS、MSCT及两者结合对N分期判断的准确率分别为63．8％、76．4％和86．1％。MSCT对N2的判断准确率显著高于EUS（P〈0．01），两者联合的判断明显高于MSCT和EUS单独进行诊断（P〈0．05）。MR在总体判断准确率上低于MSCT（P〈0．05）。结论：动态三期增强MSCT薄层扫描可通过其在不同时相中的强化特点反映淋巴结转移情况，作出较为准确的N分期。     

低张水灌肠螺旋CT扫描对大肠癌的术前分期研究

目的 评估低张水灌肠螺旋CT扫描（以下简称WESCT）对大肠癌术前分期的诊断价值和限度。方法 对48例经内窥镜活检证实的大肠癌病人,术前行螺旋CT扫描,进行螺旋CT术前TNM和Duke分期,然后与术中、术后病理各分期一一对照。结果 WESCT显示大肠癌的敏感性达97．9％（47／48）;WESCT对大肠癌TNM分期的准确率为81．3％（39／48）,Duke分期的准确率为87．5％（42／48）;较文献报道的普通CT扫描的50％有明显提高。其中T分期,螺旋CT诊断的正确率为89．6％（43／48）;N分期为81．3％（39／48）,3例有肝转移的病人螺旋CT均正确诊断。结论 良好的扫描方法和扫描前肠管的准确是CT对大肠癌准确分期的关键;低张水灌肠螺旋CT扫描对大肠癌的术前分期非常有价值,尤其是判断局部浸润和远处转移的情况较为准确,是目前临床综合评估大肠癌术前分期的最佳常有价值,尤其是判断局部浸润和远处转移的情况较为准确,是目前临床综合评估大肠癌术前分期的最佳影像方法;螺旋CT扫描对早期大肠癌的T分期还有一定限度,对于微小淋巴结的转移以及远处微小或潜在转移的诊断尚有一定困难。     

螺旋CT多期扫描在进展期胃癌术前分期的价值

目的：评价螺旋CT多期扫描在进展期胃癌术前分期的价值。材料和方法：前瞻性研究一组36例胃癌病例,采用国际胃癌协会通用的TNM标准,螺旋CT与手术和病理对照,观察螺旋CT进展期胃癌病变的检出率,分期的准确性。结果：36例进展期胃癌,螺旋CT病变检出率100％,分期准确性83．33％（25／30）,3例（10％）CT分期低于外科病理分期,2例（6．66％）CT分期高于外科病理分期。结论：螺旋CT多期扫描在胃癌术前分期方面有较高的准确性,值得临床应用。     

18F-FDG PET/CT对非小细胞肺癌术前T及N分期的价值

目的 比较^18F—FDG PET／CT与CT在非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）原发灶（T）及淋巴结（N）分期中的价值。方法 以术后病理诊断为标准，比较30例NSCLC患者^18F-FDG PET／CT与CT在T及N分期中的诊断效能。结果 ^18F—FDG PET／CT和CT在T分期中准确性分别为86．7％，73．3％（P〉0．05）；对115站胸内淋巴结的诊断灵敏度、特异性及准确性分别为68．8％，95．2％，87．8％和43．8％，88．0％，75．7％，2种方法准确性差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；对65站纵隔淋巴结诊断灵敏度、特异性、准确性分别为90．5％，97．7％，95．4％和57．1％，81．8％，73．8％，2种方法准确性差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；在N分期中准确性分别为76．7％，66．7％（P〉0．05）。结论 ^18F—FDG PET／CT融合图像较CT更有助于NSCLC术前T和N分期，尤其在纵隔淋巴结的诊断中明显优于CT。     

螺旋CT薄层多平面重建在肾癌诊断与分期中的作用

目的分析肾癌的螺旋CT表现,探讨SCT薄层多平面重建在肾癌诊断及分期中的价值。方法在33例中利用SCT薄层多平面CT征象所见与手术病理结果对照。结果SCT薄层多平面分期扫描显示最小肿瘤特征,Ⅰ期5例,Ⅱ期10例,Ⅲ期9例,Ⅳ期9例,与手术病理对照,准确率为87．87％。结论SCT薄层及多平面重建的方法可准确显示肾癌的特征与邻近浸润及肾静脉与下腔静脉内癌栓表现,提高诊断与分期的符合率。     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像在非小细胞肺癌淋巴结转移及分期中的应用

目的 对比^18F—FDG PET／CT和CT评价非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者淋巴结转移及分期（N分期）的价值。方法 回顾性分析68例行根治性手术治疗的NSCLC患者资料（术前同期行增强CT和^18F—FDG PET／CT检查，术中清扫各站淋巴结），根据其术后病理检查结果，结合影像学诊断，比较CT和PET／CT对肺癌淋巴结转移的诊断价值及确定N分期的准确性。结果 CT和PET／CT诊断纵隔淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值（PPV）和阴性预测值（NPV）分别为63．6％，64．6％，64．3％，47．7％，77．8％与87．9％，87．7％，87．8％，78．4％，93．4％，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；CT与PET／CT诊断N分期的准确性分别为54．4％和76．5％，两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 ^18F—FDG PET／CT在诊断NSCLC纵隔淋巴结转移方面的临床价值高于CT，能够更准确地确定N分期，指导治疗方案的选择。     

MRI与MSCT对胃癌术前T分期的比较

目的：评价MRI和MSCT在进展期胃癌术前分期和诊断中的价值。方法：对42例经胃镜活检证实的胃癌患者术前行MRI和MSCT检查。根据MRI和MSCT的图像对胃癌的术前T分期进行初步的评估,并与术后病理检查结果对照。结果：与手术病理相比较,MRI与MSCT对胃癌术前T分期的诊断符合率分别为78.6%（33/42）和71.4%（30/42）。经统计学分析发现,MRI与CT对胃癌的术前T分期无统计学差异。结论：与MSCT相比,MRI对于胃癌术前T分期的判断与MSCT成像基本相当。     

MSCT在胃癌病理分期及诊断中的应用价值

目的：探讨胃癌的 CT 表现特征,评价其在分期诊断中的应用价值。方法：搜集有完整手术病理的胃癌患者500例,通过将 CT 检查结果与胃癌的大小、位置、形状、强化程度以及肿瘤侵犯范围进行对比,对 CT 的分期诊断准确度进行评价。结果：胃癌病灶长度、厚度与病理 T 分期均呈显著正相关（P ＜0．001）。胃癌病灶好发于胃窦及贲门部。500例胃癌患者中最常见的类型为蕈样型（79．0％,395／500）。胃癌病灶在静脉期及延迟期的 CT 值随着 T 分期逐级升高而增大,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。T3期中胃周脂肪模糊型所占比例为76．64％,T4期中浆膜高强化型所占比例为86．36％。MSCT 诊断胃癌 T1期的准确度为91．23％,T2期准确度为89．01％,T3期准确度为87．64％,T4期准确度为98．74％。结论：MSCT 有助于更准确地判断肿瘤的浸润程度,能够较准确地对胃癌的 T 分期进行判断。     

胃癌浸润转移:螺旋CT与病理、COX-2蛋白及mRNA表达的相关性研究

目的 探讨胃癌螺旋CT浸润转移与病理及环氧合酶（COX）-2蛋白表达间的关系。资料与方法 对57例胃癌行低张力水充盈螺旋CT三期增强扫描,所有病例均行手术切除,术后标本采用免疫组织化学SP法、原位杂交实验检测肿瘤组织中COX-2蛋白、mRNA表达。将螺旋CT结果与病理结果、COX-2表达进行对照。结果 57例胃癌螺旋CT浸润深度的准确性为82．5％（47／57）,淋巴结转移的准确性为78．9％（45／57）,4例胃癌发生远处转移螺旋CT均正确诊断,TNM分期的准确性为80．7％（46／57）。COX-2蛋白及mRNA阳性表达率分别为61．4％（35／57）和73．7％（42／57）。CT对胃癌浸润深度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期与病理一致性良好,与COX-2蛋白及mRNA表达率均密切相关（P〈0．05）。结论 螺旋CT可较准确地反映胃癌浸润转移的病理学及生物学特性,从而可指导手术、化学预防和治疗以及评估预后。     

螺旋CT三期增强扫描对进展期胃癌的诊断价值

目的评价胃癌螺旋CT三期增强扫描的表现及TNM分期。方法65例进展期胃癌行低张水充盈螺旋CT三期增强扫描,并与手术病理进行对照。结果高/中分化腺癌与低分化腺癌的CT强化特点具有显著差异(χ2=33.336,P=0.000)。T分期和N分期的诊断准确性分别为76.9%(50/65)和73.8%(48/65)。结论不同组织学类型的胃癌螺旋CT三期强化特点不同。     

螺旋CT在进展期胃癌诊断中的价值探讨

目的：探讨螺旋CT在进展期胃癌诊断中的应用价值及相关技术要点。方法：回顾性分析经手术及／或病理证实的进展期胃癌48例螺旋CT图像，其中12例作多平面重建(MPR)。将手术结果与螺旋CT表现进行比较。结果：螺旋CT对进展期胃癌的检出率为100％，定性准确率97．9％；螺旋CT对胃癌向邻近组织侵犯诊断准确率为81．8％，对腹部脏器转移诊断准确率为100％；对淋巴结转移诊断准确率为73．3％。结论：螺旋CT扫描能明确进展期胃癌的诊断，清晰显示胃癌向邻近组织的侵犯及腹腔内转移灶，对临床治疗有指导作用。     

Magnetic resonance imaging for local staging of gastric carcinoma: results of an in vitro study

OBJECTIVE: Preoperative staging of gastric carcinoma is limited by the fact that available imaging modalities do not enable accurate evaluation of the depth of infiltration of the gastric wall. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in local staging of gastric carcinoma. METHODS: Sixty-five specimens of patients with proven gastric carcinoma were examined immediately after gastrectomy. Examination was performed with a 1-T MRI and included T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and opposed phase images. Images were analyzed for the number of visible wall layers and their signal intensity characteristics, for tumor localization and depth of infiltration. T-stage was classified according to the TNM system. Finally, the staging by MRI was compared with the histopathological staging of the specimens. RESULTS: The mucosal, submucosal, and proper muscle layers could be differentiated by the typical signal intensities. Depiction of the subserosa or serosa was not possible. In 65 specimens, 67 carcinomas were found by the pathologist. Sixty-four of 67 (96%) histologically proven carcinomas were correctly localized by MRI; T-staging accuracy was 50% only, mainly because of overstaging pT2 tumors as T3. CONCLUSIONS: MRI enables differentiation of gastric wall layers and, therefore, technically allows the evaluation of the local tumor stage of gastric carcinomas. However, infiltration of the subserosal and serosal layer cannot be proved accurately. Overstaging pT2 tumors is one of the most predominant problems. Yet further technical developments in high-resolution imaging of the gastric wall may improve T-staging in the near future and overcome today's staging limitations.     

CT三期增强扫描对胃癌淋巴结转移的诊断价值

目的:评价螺旋CT三期增强扫描对胃癌淋巴结转移的诊断价值,探讨转移淋巴结的CT三期增强扫描特征。方法:对73例进展期胃癌患者行CT平扫及三期动态增强扫描,并与手术病理结果对照。结果:转移淋巴结的主要CT征象:较小转移淋巴结以实性为主,随直径增大呈环状、囊状改变者增加;强化类型分为实性均匀强化,环带样强化和囊状不强化;强化峰值时间不同,以动脉期达强化峰值者多见。CT三期增强扫描诊断胃癌淋巴结转移的诊断符合率为86.3%,敏感度为86.2%,特异度为86.7%。CT三期增强扫描对转移淋巴结的检出率及诊断准确性高于CT平扫,二者间差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:CT三期增强扫描可进一步提高对胃癌淋巴结转移的诊断准确性,对术前全面评价淋巴结转移状况有重要临床价值。     

MRI in staging advanced gastric cancer: is it useful compared with spiral CT?

PURPOSE: During the last decade, rapid progress has been made in MR technology. Our objective was to evaluate the role of MRI in staging advanced gastric cancer (AGC; gastric cancer invading the muscularis propria) and to compare it with that of spiral CT. METHOD: We prospectively performed both MR and CT examinations on 26 patients with AGC proven by endoscopic biopsy. Contrast-enhanced CT and nonenhanced MRI with a 1.0 T scanner using FLASH, HASTE, and true-FISP sequences were obtained in each patient after injection of antiperistaltic drug and ingestion of 1 L of tap water. Fifty-two sets of CT and MR images were analyzed by two radiologists in consensus without any information from other images. T and N staging of AGC was determined according to the TNM classification. All patients underwent surgery within 1 week after both examinations. Diagnostic accuracy of each staging of AGC on CT or MRI was evaluated by comparison with the pathologic results. RESULTS: MRI was slightly superior to CT in T staging (81 vs. 73%, respectively; p < 0.05). Although MRI had a tendency to overstage the pathologic T2 cancer, positive predictability of T2 stage and sensitivity of T3 stage were high (100%, respectively). Regarding the N staging, CT was slightly superior to MRI (73 vs. 65%; p > 0.05). However, both CT and MRI demonstrated the tendency of understaging in N staging. CONCLUSION: Although MRI was superior to spiral CT in T staging, MRI cannot completely replace spiral CT in staging AGC because of its limitation in N staging.     

胃癌TNM分期螺旋CT与病理学的对照研究

目的:探讨胃癌螺旋CT各种征象与手术病理之间的关系。方法:对57例胃癌行低张水充盈螺旋CT三期增强扫描,并与手术病理对照。结果:螺旋CT对胃癌浸润深度、淋巴结转移和TNM分期评估的准确率分别为82.5%、78.9%和80.7%,均与手术病理一致(Kappa值分别为0.708,0.685和0.763)。结论:胃癌螺旋CT征象与手术病理之间具有相关性,可依据其影像表现特点推测出胃癌的病理学特性,从而指导手术及判断预后。     

Spiral CT of the gastric carcinoma: staging and enhancement pattern.

The purpose of this study was to correlate the preoperative staging of gastric carcinoma using spiral computed tomography (CT) with pathologic staging and to correlate the enhancement pattern of advanced gastric carcinoma (AGC) on spiral CT with histological type. A total of 180 patients with gastric carcinomas confirmed at surgery underwent spiral CT. After surgery, pathologic findings were compared with CT findings. The detection rate for T1 tumors was 81.4% (57/70), and all T2-4 tumors were detected (110/110). In the T class, good correlation with pathology occurred in 47.8%. In the N class, good correlation with pathology occurred in 52.2%. The rate of understaging in the N class (31.7%) was higher than that of overstaging (16.1%) (P<.001). In AGC, the tumor mass showed delayed enhancement, regardless of Borrmann's type. By histological pattern, good and delayed enhancement was seen in 2/3 (66.7%) with signet ring cell type, but 4/5 (80%) with mucinous type were poorly enhanced (P=.019). Spiral CT for determining the preoperative staging of gastric carcinoma was not accurate. However, the enhancement pattern of AGC correlated with histological type.     

Helical CT imaging of gastric cancer: normal wall appearance and the potential for staging

PURPOSE: To evaluate the CT appearance of the normal gastric wall and the effectiveness of contrast enhanced helical CT for T-staging of gastric cancer. METHODS: For the basic experiment, two resected stomachs with gastric cancer were filled with water and examined by helical CT imaging. For the clinical study, 59 consecutive patients with gastric cancer who had received preoperative helical CT examination and had also been operated on were entered in this study. Helical CT images were evaluated independently by three radiologists without knowledge of histological staging results. RESULTS: The basic examination of a histopathological correlation with CT images revealed that the inner layer with high attenuation corresponded to the mucosa and the muscular layer of the mucosa, the middle layer with low attenuation to the submucosal layer consisting of coarse tissues and containing fatty tissues, and the outer layer with slightly high attenuation to the proper muscle with serosa. The clinical study revealed that the rate of correct diagnosis through consensus reading was 66.1%. CONCLUSION: The entire stomach with a well-stained mucosa can be visualized by contrast enhanced helical CT. However, T-staging of gastric cancer by helical CT did not appear to improve the accuracy of staging.     

T-staging of gastric cancer of air-filling multidetector-row CT: Comparison with hydro-multidetector-row CT

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of T-staging of gastric cancer by air-filling multidetector-row CT (air-MDCT) compared with water-filling MDCT (hydro-MDCT).

Materials and methods

One hundred fifteen patients with histologically diagnosed gastric cancer were included in this study. Fifty-eight patients underwent air-MDCT, and the remaining 57 had hydro-MDCT using a 64-channel scanner. Based on the volumetric data of contrast-enhanced MDCT obtained about 75 s after intravenously injecting 525 mg iodine per kilogram patients weight (525 mgI/kg) nonionic contrast material at the rate of 2 ml/s, oblique coronal and oblique sagittal multi-planar reformatted images perpendicular to the stomach wall, including the tumor, were reconstructed on a workstation. Mural invasion of gastric cancer into the gastric wall, as visualized by CT, was classified according to the TNM classification, and the results of T-staging by MDCT were compared with those by pathologic analysis after surgery.

Results

Correct assessment of T-staging by air-CT was achieved in 48 of 58 patients (83%), and that by hydro-MDCT was 49 of 57 patients (86%). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the technique in determining the invasion of serosa were 88%, 93%, and 91% for air-CT and 83%, 95%, and 91% for hydro-CT. There were no significant differences between hydro-MDCT and air-MDCT in sensitivity (P = 0.73), specificity (P = 0.71) and accuracy (P = 0.98).

Conclusion

Air-MDCT is a very valuable tool in T-staging of gastric cancer as well as hydro-MDCT.