交锁髓内钉治疗股胫骨骨折110例分析

目的　探讨交锁髓内钉治疗股、胫骨骨折的疗效 ,分析并发症发生原因 ,提出防治措施。方法　 110例股、胫骨骨折 (闭合骨折 83例 ,开放骨折 2 7例 ) ,除 2例股骨和 5例胫骨闭合复位未扩髓外 ,余均采用开放复位并有限扩髓 ,应用交锁髓内钉固定。随访 3～ 2 4个月 ,平均随访 14个月。结果　 110例骨折全部愈合 ,其中髓内钉折断 5例 ,锁钉折断或松动退出 4例 ,骨折成角畸形 4例 ,骨折延期愈合 8例 (股骨 3例 ,胫骨 5例 ) ,无感染病例。按Johner -Wruh法功能评定 :优 83例 ,良 2 3例 ,中 3例 ,差 1例。结论　只要掌握好手术指征及正确处理所遇问题 ,交锁髓内钉治疗股、胫骨骨折是一种较好的内固定方式     

闭合复位逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨髁上A型骨折

目的总结临床应用闭合复位逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨髁上骨折的经验.方法1997年12月～2000年12月应用闭合复位逆行交锁髓内钉内固定的方法治疗新鲜的股骨髁上骨折11例.结果11例骨折全部愈合.骨折愈合时间平均14周.无内外翻畸形发生.根据Lysholm膝关节功能评分标准进行疗效评定,其中膝关节评分85～100分为优,70～84分为良好,60～69分为一般,小于60分为差.结果优8例,良2例,一般1例.差0例.优良率为90.91%.结论应用逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨髁上骨折是一个理想的方法,采用闭合复位内固定技术,更利于骨折愈合与膝关节功能恢复.     

Treatment of extra-articular distal radius fractures using an intramedullary nail

BackgroundDistal radius fractures are a common fracture type, but an optimal surgical recommendation remains elusive. Intramedullary fixation is a novel technique for treatment of distal radius fractures. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical results in the management of extra-articular fractures of the distal radius using the intramedullary nail device.MethodsFrom June 2009 to July 2010, 12 patients with extra-articular fractures of the distal radius were included. Surgical reduction and internal fixation with an intramedullary nail, the Micronail, was performed primarily for treatment of five AO Type A2 and seven AO Type A3 distal radius fractures. All patients were followed up radiographically and clinically for an average of 48.5 weeks.ResultsAll fractures achieved bone union without major complication. The functional results according to the Mayo wrist scoring system were excellent in six patients, good in two patients, and fair in four patients (4/12). The mean score was 84, and the satisfactory functional result was 75%.ConclusionSurgical reduction and internal fixation with the intramedullary nail is a useful and effective technique in the management of extra-articular fractures of the distal radius.     

交锁髓内钉治疗肱骨近端骨折

目的探讨肱骨近端交锁髓内钉治疗肱骨外科颈骨折临床效果。方法应用肱骨近端交锁髓内钉治疗14例肱骨近端二部分外科颈骨折和9例三部分大结节骨折患者。结果患者均获随访,时间12~28个月,骨折均骨性愈合。按照Constant-Murley肩关节评分标准评价为65~95分,其中优12例,良7例,一般4例。结论应用肱骨近端交锁髓内钉治疗肱骨近端二部分外科颈骨折和三部分大结节骨折,减少了软组织损伤,可早期行关节功能锻炼,是一种安全有效治疗方法。     

Management of supracondylar fractures of the femur with the GSH intramedullary nail: preliminary report

The GSH supracondylar nail is a closed section rigid intramedullary device that combines the biomechanical advantages of intramedullary fixation with the stability of rigid internal fixation for the management of supracondylar fractures of the femur. The use of this implant is indicated in the management of distal comminuted nonarticular fractures and fractures with intraarticular extension. Intramedullary fixation provides improved fracture stabilization in both elderly patients with osteoporotic metaphyseal bone and in younger patients with extensively comminuted fractures. The experience with the GSH supracondylar nail has shown that it provides better results than supracondylar plating for the stabilization of acute fractures or revision of failed internal fixation.     

Elastic stable intramedullary nailing of midclavicular fractures with a titanium nail

This study presents the results of a minimally invasive operative treatment for markedly displaced midclavicular fractures. In all patients a flexible titanium nail was inserted in an unreamed technique from the sternal end of the clavicle. The result of surgery was determined with clinical and radiographic controls. The clinical outcome was evaluated 12 months after hardware removal using the scoring system of Constant and Murley. Fifty-eight fractures in 55 patients were treated with intramedullary fixation. Postoperatively on Day 3, the mean subjective pain was significantly lower and range of motion was improved compared with the day before surgery. One nonunion occurred. There was no infection and no implant displacement or refracture. Intramedullary nailing of midclavicular fractures with a flexible titanium nail is a safe minimally invasive surgical technique with excellent functional and cosmetic results compared with plate fixation or conservative treatment. Marked pain reduction along with early restoration of shoulder function and early mobilization are advantageous for patients. This technique can be used as an alternative treatment to conservative procedures or plate fixation in patients with markedly displaced midclavicular fractures, multiple trauma, fractures of the lower extremities, or associated shoulder girdle injuries.     

Technique of intramedullary osteosynthesis of the clavicle with elastic titanium nails

This prospective controlled clinical trial was performed to assess fracture healing and clinical outcome after intramedullary nailing of midclavicular fractures. Within 3.5 years elastic-stable intramedullary nailing was performed in 62 patients with 65 midclavicular fractures. Surgery was performed in supine position. The ventral cortex of the proximal clavicle was opened using a 2.5 mm drill. The nail was advanced laterally under fluoroscopic control. If closed reduction failed, an additional incision was made to enable direct manipulation of the fragments. There were no infections, no implant displacements or refractures. Postoperatively, the mean subjective pain was significantly lower, and the range of motion improved. We observed one nonunion. The mean Constant-score 6 months after hardware removal was 96.9 +/- 3.3 points. Intramedullary fixation of midclavicular fractures with an elastic titanium nail is a safe minimally invasive surgical technique, producing excellent functional and cosmetic results.     

Pertrochanteric fractures: tips and tricks in nail osteosynthesis

Introduction

Intramedullary fixation of intertrochanteric fractures has become the standard method of fixation especially in unstable fracture types. Even though there have been developments on implant design and technology, the surgical technique of reduction and implant positioning remains the mandatory factor in treating these fractures successfully. The advantages of nailing in the mainly elderly patients sustaining intertrochanteric femur fractures are a short lever arm and a lateral support in the trochanter supplied by the nail. The disadvantages are that it is often harder to achieve a closed reduction of a displaced fracture and to maintain the reduction with the intramedullary implant.

Tips and tricks

To obtain and maintain anatomic reduction and a secure fracture fixation, the surgical approach and fixation technique is of great importance. It starts with correct patient positioning, fracture reduction (accounting for varus dislocation and dislocation of flexed fragments), choosing the correct nail entry point and perfect lag screw positioning within the head-neck fragment and distal locking. To maintain the reduction achieved intraoperatively, the decision has to be made to use a cerclage wiring or to tolerate fracture gaps in the metaphyseal area. Intraoperative controlled compression of the neck or the subtrochanteric area is of great importance to reduce delayed unions or nonunions.

Summary

Intramedullary fixation of unstable per-, inter- or subtrochanteric fractures shows biomechanical advantages compared to extramedullry fixation techniques. Even though there have been several amendments and developments of implants, a better implant does not compensate for an inadequate surgical approach or deficient surgical techniques which are paramount for successful treatment. When fixing fractures with intramedullary nailing systems, the surgeon should always try to achieve anatomic reduction and a perfect implant positioning to allow immediate full weight bearing without an increased risk of cut-out, non-union and implant failure.     

Treatment of distal tibia fractures without articular involvement: a systematic review of 1125 fractures

BACKGROUND: The management of unstable distal tibia fractures remains challenging. The mechanism of injury and the prognosis of these fractures are different from pilon fractures, but their proximity to the ankle makes the surgical treatment more complicated than the treatment tibial midshaft fractures. A variety of treatment methods have been suggested for these injuries, including nonoperative treatment, external fixation, intramedullary nailing, and plate fixation. However, each of these treatment options is associated with certain challenges. Nonoperative treatment may be complicated by loss of reduction and subsequent malunion. Similarly, external fixation of distal tibia fractures may result in insufficient reduction, malunion, and pin tract infection. Intramedullary nailing can be considered the "gold standard" for the treatment of tibial midshaft fractures, but there are concerns about their use in distal tibia fractures. This is because of technical difficulties with distal nail fixation, the risk of nail propagation into the ankle joint, and the discrepancy between the diaphyseal and metaphyseal diameter of the intramedullary canal. Open reduction and internal plate fixation results in extensive soft tissue dissection and may be associated with wound complications and infections. The optimal treatment of unstable distal tibia without articular involvement remains controversial. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to review the outcomes of different treatment methods for extra-articular distal tibia fractures. The English literature was systematically reviewed and the rates of malunion, nonunion, infection, fixation failure, and secondary surgical procedures were extracted.     

闭合复位交锁髓内钉固定治疗股骨干骨折

目的探讨闭合复位交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折的疗效。方法对32例股骨干骨折应用闭合复位交锁髓内钉治疗，均闭合复位顺行置钉。结果所有患者随访6～26个月，术后复位满意，骨折平均愈合时间12周，术后均愈合良好，无主钉或锁钉断裂，无肢体短缩、功能障碍、感染。结论闭合复位交锁髓内钉是治疗股骨干骨折的一种创伤小、并发症少、骨愈合时间短、术后患者恢复好的内固定方法。     

带锁髓内钉治疗股骨、胫骨、肱骨骨折

目的：带锁髓内钉治疗股骨、胫骨、肱骨骨折临床应用研究。方法：共实施手术106例，随访7个月以上90例。结果：1例骨折不愈合，其余89例骨折均愈合。关节功能恢复良好，并发症：主钉断裂1例，近端锁钉断裂1例，远端锁钉断裂1例，术中再骨折1例，伤口感染2例，均未影响骨折愈合及功能恢复。结论：带锁髓内固定牢固，防止骨折端旋转，分离移位，术后不需外固定支持，早期负重，骨折愈合率高，手术失败率低，是一种比较理想的内固定方法。     

LCP distal ulna hook plate as alternative fixation for fifth metatarsal base fracture

Intramedullary screw fixation is the most common treatment for fifth metatarsal base fractures. Screw application does not achieve accurate reduction in fracture with small fragments, osteoporotic bone, or Lawrence zone 1 fractures, however. On the basis of similar anatomical architectures between the distal ulna and the fifth metatarsal base, the purpose of this study was to assess the results of a locking compression plate (LCP) distal ulna hook plate in stabilizing displaced zone 1 or 2 fifth metatarsal base fractures. Nineteen patients with Lawrence zone 1 (n = 12) or 2 (n = 7) fractures of the fifth metatarsal base were treated surgically with an LCP distal ulna hook plate. The patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically, and functional outcomes were graded by using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) midfoot scoring system. Radiographic bony union was obtained in all patients, at an average of 7.4 weeks. The mean AOFAS midfoot score improved from 26 (range, 0–45) preoperatively to 94 (range, 72–100) points at the final follow-up. There were three patients with post-traumatic cubometatarsal arthrosis and one patient with sural nerve neuropraxia. In our experience, the distal ulna hook plate achieves a high rate of bony consolidation and anatomically suitable fixation in zone 1 or 2 fifth metatarsal base fractures. We also suggest that the LCP distal ulna hook plate should be considered as an alternative treatment in multifragmentary, osteoporotic, and tuberosity avulsion (zone 1) fifth metatarsal base fractures.     

Locking Compression Plate Distal Ulna Hook Plate as Alternative Fixation for Fifth Metatarsal Base Fracture

Intramedullary screw fixation has been the most common treatment for fifth metatarsal base fractures. However, screw application will not achieve accurate reduction in fractures with small fragments, osteoporotic bone, or Lawrence zone 1 fractures. Because of the similar anatomic architecture between the distal ulna and the fifth metatarsal base, the purpose of the present study was to assess the results of a locking compression plate distal ulna hook plate in stabilizing displaced zone 1 or 2 fifth metatarsal base fractures. A total of 19 patients with Lawrence zone 1 (n = 12) or 2 (n = 7) fractures of the fifth metatarsal base were treated surgically with a locking compression plate distal ulna hook plate. The patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically, and the functional outcomes were graded using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society midfoot scoring system. Radiographic bony union was obtained in all patients, at an average of 7.4 weeks. The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society midfoot score improved from 26 (range 0 to 45) points preoperatively to 94 (range 72 to 100) points at the final follow-up visit. Three patients developed post-traumatic cubometatarsal arthrosis, and 1 patient developed sural nerve neurapraxia. In our experience, the distal ulna hook plate achieved a high rate of bony consolidation and anatomically suitable fixation in zone 1 or 2 fifth metatarsal base fractures. We suggest that the locking compression plate distal ulna hook plate should be considered as an alternative treatment of multifragmentary, osteoporotic, and tuberosity avulsion (zone 1) fifth metatarsal base fractures.     

Fibula nail fixation in ankle fractures with significant soft tissue compromise: a retrospective cohort study

European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology - Intramedullary fixation of lateral malleolar fractures has increased in popularity recently with the introduction of the fibula nail. It...     

Torsional strains in the proximal fifth metatarsal: implications for Jones and stress fracture management

BACKGROUND: Reports of nonunion of proximal fifth metatarsal fractures treated by internal fixation indicate that current fixation methods do not always adequately address the stresses to which the bone is subjected during ambulation. In particular, the insertion sites of the peroneus brevis and peroneus tertius tendons on the fifth metatarsal suggest that their actions can impose torsional stresses on the areas of the bone in which Jones fractures and stress fractures occur. Intramedullary screw fixation, however, offers little resistance to rotation of the proximal and distal fragments relative to one another. METHODS: To determine the potential for the existence of torsional stresses in the fifth metatarsal during post-operative ambulation, a simplified cadaver model of single-limb stance was used in which cadaver feet were subjected to concurrent axial and tendon forces while monitoring the outputs of stacked rosette strain gauges placed at the typical sites of Jones and stress fractures. Principal strain and shear strain magnitudes and directions were measured. RESULTS: The shear strain magnitudes and strain axis directions indicated the presence of torsional stresses in the underlying bone potentially capable of causing internal rotation of the proximal fragment relative to the distal end of the bone. CONCLUSIONS: This finding has implications for the treatment of both Jones fractures and stress fractures of the proximal fifth metatarsal. An internal fixation device that has the capability to resist torsion as well as tension and bending would appear optimal to treat these fractures.     

Intramedullary screw fixation of proximal fifth metatarsal fractures: a biomechanical study

Intramedullary screw fixation is a popular technique for treatment of proximal fifth metatarsal fractures. The purpose of this study was to compare the fixation rigidity of a 5.5 mm partially threaded cannulated titanium screw, with presumed superior endosteal purchase, to a similar 4.5 mm screw. Acute fifth metatarsal fractures were simulated in cadavers, stabilized with intramedullary screws, and loaded to failure in three-point bending. The initial failure loads for the metatarsals fixed with 4.5 mm and 5.5 mm screws were not significantly different (332.4 N vs. 335.2 N, respectively), nor were the ultimate failure loads (849.8 N vs. 702.2 N, respectively). Based upon our results, maximizing screw diameter does not appear to be critical for fixation rigidity and may increase the risk of intraoperative or postoperative fracture.     

Acumed前臂髓内钉治疗尺桡骨骨折的临床研究

目的观察Acumed前臂髓内钉治疗尺桡骨骨折的临床疗效。方法采用Aeumed前臂髓内钉治疗尺桡骨骨折33例,其中男23例,女10例;年龄21～65岁,平均37．5岁。桡骨干单骨折13例,尺骨干单骨折18例,前臂双骨折2例。结果30例患者得到随访,随访8～16个月,平均13．4个月,29例顺利愈合,平均愈合时间为14周,1例桡骨干骨折出现不愈合,后给予更换内固定后愈合。根据Anderson评分,优21例,良7例,可1例,差1例,本组优良率,93．3％。结论．．Acumed前臂髓内钉具有手术简单、微创等优点,对骨折愈合及伤肢功能恢复有较好的临床疗效。     

Less Invasive Surgery With Autologous Bone Grafting for Proximal Fifth Metatarsal Diaphyseal Stress Fractures

Surgery with autologous bone grafting for proximal fifth metatarsal diaphyseal stress fracture has a potential to decrease nonunion, but it is not performed widely as the primary surgery because of donor-site morbidity. We have devised and performed a less invasive surgical procedure with autologous bone grafting and aimed to investigate the clinical and radiologic outcomes of this procedure. The data for 73 patients who underwent primary intramedullary screw fixation with autologous bone grafting from the fifth metatarsal base for proximal fifth metatarsal diaphyseal stress fractures were investigated retrospectively. The clinical and radiologic outcomes were evaluated. The mean time to bone union, starting running, and return to play was 11.8, 6.3, and 13.4 weeks, respectively. Bone union was achieved in 76 of the 78 cases. Intramedullary screw fixation with autologous bone grafting from the fifth metatarsal base showed good outcomes. It may be a useful surgical option for patients with proximal fifth metatarsal diaphyseal stress fractures.     

基于股骨近端外侧壁完整性的股骨近端骨折分型方法:附888例病例分析

背景:目前股骨转子部骨折的分型系统均存在一定局限性,反转子间骨折和转子下骨折存在分型交叉,而且目前的分型系统均未将转子部外侧壁包含在内。目的:提出股骨转子部骨折的区域分型法,分析新分型系统中各型临床特点。方法:根据股骨转子部外侧壁是否完整以及后内侧是否存在蝶形骨折块建立区域分型法。回顾性分析2005年4月至2016年12月收治的行内固定治疗的股骨转子部骨折患者共888例,分析区域分型系统中各分型患者基础资料以及骨折愈合时间、最终随访时Harris评分等。结果:Ⅰ~Ⅳ型骨折分别占79.8%(709例)、12.7%(113例)、3.2%(28例)和4.3%(38例)。各型患者间年龄、性别、受伤原因、复位方法、手术时间和术中出血量差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。ⅠA型骨折髓内固定与动力髋螺钉(DHS)相比,最终随访时Harris评分、内固定物相关并发症发生率差异均无统计学意义。ⅠB型骨折髓内固定与微创内固定系统(R-LISS)相比,内固定相关并发症发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Ⅱ型骨折采用转子间顺行髓内钉(InterTan)和股骨近端锁定接骨板(PFP)固定的患者,最终随访时Harris评分优良率分别为81.8%、62.5%,高于其他内固定物。Ⅲ型骨折髓内固定与R-LISS固定最终随访时Harris评分优良率分别为58.8%、50.0%。Ⅳ型骨折髓内固定与R-LISS固定最终随访时Harris评分优良率分别为76.9%、45.5%。结论:区域分型法可以较好的反映各型转子部骨折的特点,并指导内固定物的选择和提示预后。对于ⅠA型骨折,推荐采用DHS或髓内固定治疗;ⅠB型骨折推荐使用髓内固定治疗;Ⅱ型骨折因外侧壁不完整,推荐使用PFP或者InterTan治疗;Ⅲ型及Ⅳ型骨折推荐使用髓内固定治疗。     

Diaphyseal forearm fractures in children treated with intramedullary fixation: outcome of K-wire versus elastic stable intramedullary nail

Intramedullary fixation of children's diaphyseal forearm fractures is becoming the surgical technique of choice, in those cases that warrant surgical intervention. This method offers both technical advantages and patient benefits over alternative techniques and implants that have been used in the past. We present a two-centre study assessing the outcome of either Kirschner wires or elastic stable intramedullary nails (ESIN) as the method of fracture stabilisation in such diaphyseal forearm fractures.A total of 36 children underwent K-wire fixation and 24 children underwent ESIN fixation. All fractures united with no resultant subjective disability. The complication rate following K-wires was 16% and that following nail fixation 9%. Loss of forearm rotation was documented in four children in the K-wire group and three children stabilised with nails.These results confirm an excellent outcome following intramedullary fixation. We have demonstrated no difference in outcome between K-wires and ESIN, although the nails do offer some theoretical advantages.