Efficacy of whole brain radiotherapy combined with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy in metastatic brain tumors, and prognostic factors

PURPOSE: We attempted to analyze the effectiveness of whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) combined with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) in brain metastases. METHODS: Thirty-seven metastatic brain tumors in 29 patients without previous treatment were treated with WBRT plus FSRT, from October 1996 to February 2002. Four of the patients received stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) prior to WBRT. Non-small cell lung cancer was the most common type of primary tumor (20/29). The total dose to the whole brain ranged from 30 Gy to 40 Gy, and the boost dose from FSRT ranged from 12 Gy to 40 Gy. End points were survival rate and local control rates. Factors influencing survival were evaluated. RESULTS: Median survival was 13 months, and actuarial survival rates at one and two years were 81% and 39%, respectively. Actuarial one and two year local control rates for all lesions were 78% and 71%, respectively. Survival was significantly associated with age, tumor size, presence of active extracranial tumors, and performance status. No acute or delayed complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that WBRT plus FSRT should be included in the treatment options for metastatic brain tumors, and we consider the effect of this non-invasive method to be quite good in patients with good prognostic factors, although other invasive modalities could also be effective in them.     

脑转移瘤68例放射治疗分析

目的探讨脑转移瘤放疗方式及预后。方法对68例脑转移瘤患者资料进行回顾性分析。根据放疗方法的不同分为单纯普通放疗(RT)组48例、伽玛刀(GKS)组10例,GKS+全脑放疗组(WBRT)10例,分析不同放疗方法的生存质量和生存率。结果 RT组、GKS组、GKS+WBRT组的中位生存期分别为10.8、11、11.5个月;1年生存率分别为37.5%、30%、40%;2年生存率分别为10.4%、10%、10%。三组的1、2年生存率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论放疗可使脑转移瘤患者局部控制率提高,生存期延长,生活质量改善。     

Treatment of Cerebral Metastases from Breast Cancer with Stereotactic Radiosurgery

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The role of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone or in combination with whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) in the treatment of cerebral metastases from breast carcinoma is discussed controversially. To elucidate the role of SRS in this context, a retrospective study evaluating the benefit of SRS and prognostic factors for survival was performed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1986 to 2003, 62 patients with cerebral metastases from breast cancer were treated for 103 lesions. Ten patients received SRS alone (group 1), 13 patients were treated with WBRT and SRS as a focal boost (group 2), and 39 patients received WBRT and salvage SRS (group 3) for recurrent metastases at a later time point. RESULTS: Survival was increased in patients receiving SRS only compared to WBRT and SRS as a focal boost. Patients < 40 years of age had a favorable outcome (p > 0.04). However, no other prognostic factors could be identified. Overall tolerance of radiation was acceptable. Median local control intervals were 9 months for all patients, 6.5 months in group 1, 4 months in group 2, and 9 months in group 3, respectively. There were no significant intergroup differences. CONCLUSION: SRS alone is an effective treatment for patients with one to three brain metastases from breast cancer. A randomized trial should be performed to evaluate whether WBRT is a necessary component in the primary treatment of these patients. Salvage SRS is an effective therapy option after WBRT.     

肺癌脑转移44例治疗分析

目的比较不同治疗方法对肺癌脑转移的疗效。方法对44例肺癌脑转移患者资料进行回顾性分析。根据治疗方法的不同分为单纯放疗组23例(全脑放疗10例,立体定向放疗13例),全脑放疗或立体定向放疗联合全身化疗(放疗+化疗)组17例,对症治疗组4例,比较其生存期和生存率。结果 单纯放疗组的中位生存期为8.3个月,1年生存率为17.4%;放疗+化疗组中位生存期为13.2个月,1年生存率为52.9%;对症治疗组的中位生存期为1.7个月,1年生存率为0%。放疗+化疗组比单纯放疗及对症治疗组具有更好的疗效(P<0.05)。结论放疗联合化疗是肺癌脑转移患者比较有效的治疗方法,可延长生存期。     

Treatment of Solitary Brain Metastasis

BACKGROUND: Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) is reported to improve local control after resection of brain metastases. Improvement of survival was only observed in patients with controlled extracranial disease. The optimum radiation schedule has yet to be defined. The authors' experience with a postoperative approach including WBRT and a radiation boost to the metastatic site is presented. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Criteria for inclusion into this retrospective analysis were solitary brain metastasis, Karnofsky performance status > or = 70%, and controlled extracranial disease. Two therapies were compared for local control and survival: surgery followed by 40 Gy WBRT (group A) versus surgery followed by 40 Gy WBRT and a 10 Gy boost (group B). Statistical analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. RESULTS: 33 patients were included (17 group A, 16 group B). The results suggested better local control (p = 0.0087) and survival (p = 0.0023) for group B. 17/17 patients (100%) of group A and 13/16 patients (81%) of group B showed progression of brain metastasis, 8/17 and 3/16 patients in the area of metastatic surgery. Median time to progression was 7 (1-22) months in group A and 12 (3-42) months in group B. The number of cancer-related deaths amounted to 17/17 (100%) in group A after a median interval of 9 (3-26) months, and to 9/16 (56%) in group B after 14 (4-46) months. CONCLUSION: After resection of solitary brain metastasis, a radiation boost in addition to WBRT seems to improve local control and survival when compared to postoperative WBRT alone. The results should be confirmed in a larger prospective trial.     

Comparison of Short-Course versus Long-Course Whole-Brain Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Brain Metastases

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is the most common treatment for brain metastases. Most of these patients have a poor survival prognosis. Therefore, a short radiation program is preferred, if it provides a similar outcome as longer programs. This study compares 20 Gy in five fractions (treatment time: 1 week) to longer programs, with higher doses including 30 Gy in ten fractions (2 weeks) and 40 Gy in 20 fractions (4 weeks). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data regarding 1,085 patients treated with WBRT for brain metastases were retrospectively analyzed. 387 patients received 20 Gy in five fractions, and 698 patients received higher doses (30 Gy in ten fractions, n = 527, or 40 Gy in 20 fractions, n = 171). In addition, eight potential prognostic factors were investigated including age, sex, Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS), tumor type, interval from tumor diagnosis to WBRT, number of brain metastases, extracranial metastases, and recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) class. Subgroup analyses were performed for each RPA class individually. RESULTS: The WBRT schedule had no significant impact on survival (p = 0.415). On multivariate analysis, improved survival was significantly associated with age < or = 60 years (risk ratio [RR]: 1.28; p < 0.001), KPS > or = 70 (RR: 1.73; p = 0.002), lack of extracranial metastases (RR: 1.27; p = 0.007), interval from tumor diagnosis to WBRT > 8 months (RR: 1.19; p = 0.011), and lower RPA class (RR: 1.56; p < 0.001). The subgroup analyses for each RPA class did not reveal a significant association between WBRT schedule and survival. CONCLUSION: Short-course WBRT with 20 Gy in five fractions is preferable for most patients, because it is associated with similar survival as longer programs and is less time-consuming.     

全脑放疗联合与不联合立体定向放疗治疗脑转移瘤疗效对比的Meta分析

目的 评价脑转移瘤全脑放射治疗(WBRT)联合与不联合立体定向放疗(SRT)的疗效对比.方法 采用Meta分析方法收集脑转移瘤WBRT联合与不联合SRT效果比较的相关文献进行综合评价,数据分析采用RevMan 4.2软件.结果 最终纳入5篇文献(4篇随机对照试验,1篇队列研究),共包括559例患者.Meta分析结果显示:在提高脑转移瘤患者肿瘤1年局控率方面,WBRT联合SRT明显优于单纯WBRT治疗(OR=6.35,95％CI 1.92～ 20.97);在改善患者1年总体生存率方面,WBRT联合SRT与单纯WBRT治疗并无统计学差异(OR=1.46,95％CI 0.96～2.22);将患者细分为单发脑转移瘤和多发脑转移瘤后进行分析显示,与单纯WBRT治疗比较,WBRT联合SRT在提高单发脑转移瘤患者1年生存率方面存在优势(OR=2.23,95％CI 1.05～4.75),对于多发脑转移瘤患者则无明显优势(OR=1.09,95％CI 0.53～2.25).结论 WB RT联合SRT是一种较为合理的脑转移瘤综合治疗方式,尤其对于单发脑转移瘤患者,除改善肿瘤局控率外,还可提高患者1年生存率.     

立体定向分次放疗联合全脑放射治疗脑转移瘤疗效分析

目的 分析X刀分次立体定向放疗(FSRT)联合全脑照射(WBRT)治疗脑转移瘤疗效。方法 回顾性分析51例脑转移瘤FSRT+WBRT和35例脑转移瘤单纯WBRT的结果,比较分析两者有效率、生存率的差异。结果 FSRT+WBRT、WBRT组完全缓解率分别为49%、26%(P<0.05),中位生存期分别为(11.0±1.5)、(6.5±0.5)个月(P<0.05),18个月生存率分别为24%、9%(P<0.05)。两组有效率(8%、71%,P>0.05)和6、12个月生存率(63%、41%,51%、23%,P>0.05)相似。 结论 X刀FSRT联合WBRT治疗脑转移瘤损伤小、安全、延长生存期,疗效优于单纯全颅放疗。     

Linac Radiosurgery Versus Whole Brain Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: For patients with inoperable brain metastases, whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) has been the standard treatment for decades. Radiosurgery is an effective alternative strategy, but has failed to show a substantial survival benefit so far. The prognostic factors derived from the RTOG recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) provide a framework that allows a nonrandomized comparison of the two modalities. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1991 to 1998, 117 patients with one to three previously untreated cerebral metastases underwent single-dose linac radiosurgery (median dose 20 Gy) without adjuvant WBRT. After radiosurgery, 26/117 patients (22%) had salvage WBRT, radiosurgery or neurosurgical resection of recurrent (4/117) and/or new (24/117) metastases. Survival of these patients was compared to a historical group of 138 patients with one to three lesions treated by WBRT (30-36 Gy/3-Gy fractions) from 1978 to 1991; only nine of these patients (7%) had salvage WBRT. All patients were classified into the three RPA prognostic classes based on age, performance score, and presence of extracranial tumor manifestations. RESULTS: In RPA class I (Karnofsky performance score > or = 70, primary tumor controlled, no other metastases, age < 65 years), radiosurgery resulted in a median survival of 25.4 months (n = 23, confidence interval [CI] 5.8-45.0) which was significantly longer than for WBRT (n = 9, 4.7 months, CI 3.8-5.5; p < 0.0001). In RPA class III (Karnofsky performance score < 70), no significant difference in survival between radiosurgery (n = 20, 4.2 months, CI 3.2-5.3) and WBRT (n = 68, 2.5 months, CI 2.2-2.8) was found. In RPA class II (all other patients), radiosurgery produced a small, but significant survival advantage (radiosurgery: n = 74, 5.9 months, CI 3.2-8.5, WBRT: n = 61, 4.1 months, CI 3.4-4.9; p < 0.04). CONCLUSION: Radiosurgery in patients with one to three cerebral metastases results in a substantial survival benefit only in younger patients with a low systemic tumor burden when compared to WBRT alone. It cannot be excluded that this effect is partially caused by the available salvage options after radiosurgery.     

The comparison of transforming growth factor beta-1 serum levels in early-stage breast cancer patients treated with external beam whole breast irradiation plus boost versus interstitial brachytherapy accelerated partial breast irradiation

PURPOSETransforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) is a profibrotic cytokine used as an early biomarker to develop radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF). This study aimed to compare TGF-β1 serum levels in early-stage breast cancer patients treated with whole-breast radiation therapy (WBRT) plus boost versus accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) using multicatheter interstitial brachytherapy.METHODS AND MATERIALSThis clinical trial study was conducted on 20 women with early-stage breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery candidate for adjuvant radiotherapy in Golestan hospital, Ahvaz, in 2021. In one group APBI with high-dose-rate brachytherapy (n = 10), the other group WBRT with external beam radiation plus boost (n = 10) was performed. Serum level of TGF-β1 was evaluated before radiotherapy, immediately after the end of radiotherapy and three months after the end of radiotherapy by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique (ELISA).ResultsMedian serum TGF-β1 level before radiotherapy was not significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.971). In both APBI and WBRT groups, serum TGF-β1 levels significantly decreased immediately after radiotherapy compared to before treatment (p = 0.005 and p = 0.007, respectively); But three months after radiotherapy, serum TGF-β1 levels increased significantly in the WBRT group (40.50 to 77.41 pg/mL; p = 0.017), while no significant change was observed in the APBI group (24.75 to 30.50 pg/mL; p = 0.332).ConclusionSHigher TGF-β1 values in the WBRT group after radiotherapy can be used as an early and vital biomarker in this treatment, and this data may corroborate links between TGF-beta1 and fibrosis and fibrosis rates between APBI and WBRT; It also shows the preference for using the brachytherapy technique in this group of patients. However, due to the small number of samples, definitive conclusions require further prospective studies.     

A New Scoring System to Predicting the Survival of Patients Treated with Whole-Brain Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases

PURPOSE: To create a scoring system to estimate survival of patients who received whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) for brain metastases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Based on a multivariate analysis of 1,085 retrospectively analyzed patients, a scoring system was developed. This score was based on the four significant prognostic factors found in the multivariate analysis including: age, performance status, extracranial metastases at the time of WBRT, and interval between tumor diagnosis and WBRT. The score for each prognostic factor was determined by dividing the 6-month survival rate (in %) by 10. The total score represented the sum of the partial scores for each prognostic factor. Total scores ranged from 9 to 18 points, and patients were divided into four groups. For each group, survival was compared for short-course (5 x 4 Gy) versus longer-course WBRT (10 x 3 Gy/20 x 2 Gy). RESULTS: Actuarial 6-month survival rates were 6% for patients with scores of 9-10 points, 15% for those with scores of 11-13 points, 43% for those with scores of 14-16 points, and 76% for those with scores of 17-18 points (p < 0.001). Longer-course WBRT was not associated with better survival than short-course WBRT in any of the four groups. CONCLUSION: Patients with brain metastases receiving WBRT can be grouped with this score to estimate survival. Short-course and longer-course WBRT resulted in similar survival in all groups studied. However, in the more favorable patients with scores of 17-18, longer-course WBRT with lower doses per fraction should be considered, as these schedules have been associated with less neurocognitive toxicity.     

Simultaneously avoiding the hippocampus and hypothalamic-pituitary axis during whole brain radiotherapy: A planning study

Whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is the preferred treatment for multiple brain metastases, and patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer undergo prophylactic cranial irradiation after complete remission. However, neurotoxicity remains a complication. In addition to protecting the hippocampus from irradiation to preserve cognitive function, it is also critical to avoid irradiating the hypothalamic-pituitary axis to preserve endocrine and immune function. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of delivering WBRT while protecting the hippocampus and hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Thirteen patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer were enrolled in this study. The hippocampus, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland were contoured based on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The prescribed dose to the whole brain planning target volume was 25 Gy in 10 fractions. Two treatment plans using equispaced coplanar intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) were generated: WBRT with hippocampus avoidance (H-A) and WBRT with hippocampus, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland avoidance (H-HP-A). Both “H-A” and “H-HP-A” plans successfully protected the hippocampus, which received mean doses of 9.1 and 9.6 Gy, respectively (p = 0.0002), whereas the “H-HP-A” plan decreased the doses to both the hypothalamus (mean dose 11.06 Gy) and the pituitary gland (mean dose 10.66 Gy). Both “H-A” and “H-HP-A” plans showed similar target coverage of 95.1%. The homogeneity index of the “H-A” plan was slightly better than that of the “H-HP-A” plan (0.20 vs 0.23, p = 0.0012). In conclusion, the use of equispaced coplanar IMRT was found to simultaneously protect the hippocampus and hypothalamic-pituitary axis while delivering WBRT with acceptable target coverage and homogeneity.     

立体定向放射治疗脑转移瘤疗效分析

目的 分析立体定向放射疗法(SRT)治疗脑转移瘤的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析66例脑转移瘤全脑放射治疗(WBRT)追加SRT和26例脑转移瘤单纯SRT的结果,分析两者在Karnofsky评分、颅内肿瘤复发率、一年生存率等方面的状况。结果 WBRT+SRT组在颅内肿瘤复发率(13.3%和42.2%)、中位复发时间(10.5个月和4.2个月)、中位生存期(13.0个月和6.5个月)与单纯SRT组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05),但在Karnofsky评分、治疗有效率、一年生存率、死亡率的差异均无统计学意义。结论 WBRT+SRT能明显改善患者的生存质量,降低肿瘤颅内复发率,是脑转移瘤的一种理想局部治疗手段。     

Postoperative Irradiation for Pterygium

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Irradiation of ocular pterygium is considered a valuable treatment supplementation after surgical therapy. Since prospective randomized trials are scare and only limited patient data are available, the aim of this study was to evaluate the patient population treated with fractioned 90Sr irradiation after surgical pterygium resection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between September 1993 and March 2001, 1,147 patients with pterygium lesions (1,320 lesions) were treated surgically and with 90Sr postoperative beta-irradiation. A total dose of 30 Gy was used for patients treated within 48 h after surgery, while those treated>48 h postoperatively received a total dose of 35 Gy. A minimum follow-up period of 3 months was required for inclusion in the analysis, and 1,253 lesions were ultimately analyzed. RESULTS: Recurrence of the pterygium after postoperative 90Sr irradiation was observed in 97 of 1,253 cases (7.7%). Statistical analysis (uni- and multivariate) revealed, that male gender, younger age (<40 years), prior treatment (surgery and radiotherapy) and immediate irradiation (<2 h after surgery) were negative predictors for local recurrence. Temporary radiotherapy-induced side effects were observed in 15.2% of patients, including moderate conjunctivitis, local pain, visual disturbance and photophobia or an increase in tear flow. However, no long-term serious side effects were documented. CONCLUSION: 90Sr irradiation of pterygium after surgery represents a safe and effective treatment option to prevent disease recurrence. The data obtained in this study indicate that a certain interval after surgery might improve therapy outcome.     

Comparison of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone and whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) plus a stereotactic boost (WBRT + SRS) for one to three brain metastases

Background

The best available treatment of patients with one to three brain metastases is still unclear. This study compared the results of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone and whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) plus SRS (WBRT + SRS).

Patients and Methods

Survival (OS), intracerebral control (IC), and local control of treated metastases (LC) were retrospectively analyzed in 144 patients receiving SRS alone (n = 93) or WBRT + SRS (n = 51). Eight additional potential prognostic factors were evaluated: age, gender, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score (ECOG-PS), tumor type, number of brain metastases, extracerebral metastases, recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) class, and interval from tumor diagnosis to irradiation. Subgroup analyses were performed for RPA class I and II patients.

Results

1-year-OS was 53% after SRS and 56% after WBRT + SRS (p = 0.24). 1-year-IC rates were 51% and 66% (p = 0.015), respectively. 1-year-LC rates were 66% and 87% (p = 0.003), respectively. On multivariate analyses, OS was associated with age (p = 0.004), ECOG-PS (p = 0.005), extracerebral metastases (p < 0.001), RPA class (p < 0.001), and interval from tumor diagnosis to irradiation (p < 0.001). IC was associated with interval from tumor diagnosis to irradiation (p = 0.004) and almost with treatment (p = 0.09), and LC with treatment (p = 0.026) and almost with interval (p = 0.08). The results of the subgroup analyses were similar to those of the entire cohort. The increase in IC was stronger in RPA class I patients.

Conclusion

WBRT + SRS resulted in better IC and LC but not better OS than SRS alone. Because also IC and LC are important end-points, additional WBRT appears justified in patients with one to three brain metastases, in particular in RPA class I patients.     

MRI evaluation of the effects of whole brain radiotherapy on breast cancer brain metastasis

Abstract

Purpose: To assess early changes in brain metastasis in response to whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) by longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).

Materials and methods: Using a 7T system, MRI examinations of brain metastases in a breast cancer MDA-MD231-Br mouse model were conducted before and 24?hours after 3 daily fractionations of 4?Gy WBRT. Besides anatomic MRI, diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI were applied to study cytotoxic effect and blood-tumor-barrier (BTB) permeability change, respectively.

Results: Before treatment, high-resolution T2-weighted images revealed hyperintense multifocal lesions, many of which (～50%) were not enhanced on T1-weighted contrast images, indicating intact BTB in the brain metastases. While no difference in the number of new lesions was observed, WBRT-treated tumors were significantly smaller than sham controls (p?<?.05). DW MRI detected significant increase in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in WBRT tumors (p?<?.05), which correlated with elevated caspase 3 staining of apoptotic cells. Many lesions remained non-enhanced post WBRT. However, quantitative DCE MRI analysis showed significantly higher permeability parameter, K_trans, in WBRT than the sham group (p?<?.05), despite marked spatial heterogeneity.

Conclusions: MRI allowed non-invasive assessments of WBRT induced changes in BTB permeability, which may provide useful information for potential combination treatment.     

伽玛刀立体定向放疗结合全脑照射治疗脑转移瘤临床效果分析

目的 分析立体定向放疗结合全脑照射治疗脑转移瘤的疗效和预后,同时观察服用替莫唑胺(TMZ)与放疗结合对患者生存率的影响。方法 脑转移瘤患者52例,按照治疗方法不同分为2组,一组为全脑照射(WBRT)+立体定向放疗(SRT,伽玛刀),共35例,一组为单纯SRT,共17例。全脑放疗分次剂量为1.8~3.0 Gy/次,1 次/d,5 次/周,总剂量D_T30~40 Gy,WBRT+SRT组全脑后伽玛刀补量采用45%~75%等剂量曲线包绕PTV,边缘剂量12~15 Gy,中心剂量20~30 Gy。单纯SRT组分次立体定向放疗采用45%~75%等剂量曲线包绕PTV,边缘剂量36~40 Gy,中心剂量70~80 Gy。随访1~2年。所选52例患者中有20例患者放疗期间及放疗后服用替莫唑胺胶囊,同步化疗组化疗方案为:口服替莫唑胺75 mg/m²,1次/d,直至放疗结束,放疗结束后再服用3~6个月,剂量改为150 mg/m²。结果 放射治疗后1~3个月,复查CT/MRI显示总有效率(CR+PR)为84.62%,WBRT+SRT组有效率为88.57%,SRT组有效率为76.47%;肿瘤的6个月及1年的局部控制率分别为92.10%和85.20%。WBRT+SRT组的平均生存期13.2个月,中位生存期11个月;6个月生存率为71.40%,12个月生存率为54.30%,18个月生存率为14.30%。SRT组的平均生存期10.2个月,中位生存期9个月;6个月生存率为41.20%,12个月生存率为23.50%,18个月生存率为5.88%。替莫唑胺+放疗与单纯放疗的6个月、12个月及18个月生存率分别为80.00%和56.30%、60.00%和37.50%、10.00%和12.50%。结论 WBRT+SRT治疗脑转移瘤总体上优于单纯SRT治疗。放疗+TMZ联合治疗与单纯放疗相比,替莫唑胺在放疗过程中服用可提高患者生存率,不良反应无显著增加。     

脑部放疗的选择对驱动基因阳性非小细胞肺癌脑转移患者生存的影响

目的 探讨在既往未使用过酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（TKI）的表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）突变的非小细胞肺癌脑转移患者中,脑放疗介入的时间及脑放疗方式的选择。方法 回顾性分析武汉大学中南医院放化疗科2014年1月至2018年9月收治的69例合并脑转移的EGFR突变的非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者,根据脑部放疗介入时间将患者分为两组：早放疗组（45例）即确诊脑转移后先行脑部放疗并接受TKI药物治疗,晚放疗组（24例）即先使用TKI药物至出现脑转移病灶进展后行脑放疗,早放疗组根据脑放疗方式可分为早全脑放射治疗（WBRT）组（20例）,早立体定向放射外科（SRS）组（25例）,比较患者的总生存（OS）、颅内无进展生存（iPFS）及无进展生存（PFS）。结果 入组69例患者的中位OS为31.2个月,早放疗组与晚放疗组1年和2年OS分别为95%、64%和80%、35%,两组差异有统计学意义（χ²=8.87,P<0.05）。进一步分析显示,早WBRT组、早SRS组及晚放疗组1年和2年OS分别为95%、96%、80%和 42%、88%、35%（χ²=12.01,P<0.05）。早SRS组较晚放疗组有OS获益（HR：0.10,95%CI：0.23~0.46,P=0.003）,而早WBRT组较晚放疗组OS未见显著获益（HR：0.54,95%CI：0.21~1.32,P=0.180）。早放疗组与晚放疗组iPFS及PFS比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 对于既往未接受TKI药物治疗的EGFR突变的NSCLC脑转移患者,尽早脑部放疗介入有助于延长患者生存期,其中使用SRS较使用WBRT获益明显。