乙二醛对小鼠抗氧化物酶活力的影响

目的　通过观察乙二醛 (glyoxal)染毒小鼠全血及组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH Px)及超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活力的变化 ,探讨乙二醛对抗氧化酶活力的影响。方法　采用腹腔注射法 ,小鼠染毒2 4h后经摘眼球法采集血样 ,将小鼠颈椎脱臼处死后取心、肝、肾和脑组织 ,并制成匀浆 ,分别以二硫双硝基苯甲酸 (DTNB)法及亚硝酸盐法测定全血及组织中GSH Px及SOD的活力。结果　全血和肾脏的低、中、高剂量组及肝脏高剂量组GSH Px活力显著低于对照组 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1) ,心、脑、肾的高剂量组及肝脏的低、中剂量组SOD活力与对照组相比 ,差异具有显著性 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1)。结论　乙二醛对全血中GSH Px活力的影响主要表现为抑制作用 ,对肝脏中GSH Px活力的影响主要为应激性增高 ,乙二醛对组织中SOD活力的影响主要表现为应激性增高趋势     

氯化锰对雄性大鼠亚急性生殖毒性机制研究

选取健康性成熟雄性Wistar大鼠灌胃染毒 10mg/kg、 2 0mg/kg和 40mg/kg氯化锰 ,每日 1次 ,连续染毒3 0d ,应用分光光度法测定血清和睾丸匀浆中MDA、ROS、NO、SOD、GSH Px、LDH、LDHx、G 6 PD、β G和NOS的水平和活力。结果显示 ,染毒氯化锰 2 0mg/kg组仅睾丸匀浆中ROS、SOD、LDHx和G 6 PD活力与阴性对照组比较差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。在 40mg/kg组 ,血清中LDHx和G 6 PD下降 ,睾丸匀浆中的MDA、ROS升高 ,SOD、GSH Px、LDHx和 β G活力下降 ,与对照组比较差异有显著性或高度显著性 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1) ,并且SOD、ROS、LDHx和G 6 PD有明确剂量 效应关系 ,r值为 0 5 782、 -0 5 3 47、 -0 5 814和 -0 4972 (均P <0 0 5 )。各染毒剂量组睾丸匀浆中NOS活力均明显高于对照组 ,差异有显著性 (均P <0 0 5 )。说明亚急性染毒氯化锰可使大鼠睾丸组织产生脂质过氧化作用 ,使睾丸标志酶活力降低 ,睾丸匀浆中NOS活力升高 ,使间质细胞、支持细胞和生精细胞受损 ,并形成一个损伤链 ,这些可能是锰致雄性生殖功能受损的部分机制     

兔动脉粥样硬化不同阶段一氧化氮及合酶观察

目的　探讨一氧化氮 (NO)及其合酶 (NOS)在动脉粥样硬化 (AS)病程中的变化。方法　在高胆固醇饮食基础上建立兔AS模型。在实验不同阶段 ,观察各组兔主动脉壁NOS活力、NO含量、全血超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活力及血清脂质浓度的变化 ,并进行病理形态学观察。结果　模型组血清总胆固醇 (TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)、甘油三酯 (TG)的浓度、主动脉壁NOS活力及NO含量均高于对照组 (P <0 . 0 1) ,全血SOD活力则明显低于对照组 (P <0 . 0 1)。模型组内比较显示NOS活力及NO含量于实验 16周达峰值 ,此后呈下降趋势 ;全血SOD活力逐渐下降 ,各阶段差异有统计学意义 (P <0 . 0 5 )。结论　在AS发生、发展过程中 ,动脉壁NOS活力增强 ,NO合成增多 ,并于纤维斑块期达峰值。     

呋喃丹对雄性大鼠急性生殖损伤的研究

目的：探讨农药呋喃丹对雄性大鼠生殖系统急性损害作用。方法：以0．3，1．5，3．0mg/kg剂量经口染毒7d，检测大鼠血清及睾丸组织匀浆中脂质过氧化指标超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px)、丙二醛（MDA）、活性氧，睾丸组织标志酶β－葡萄糖醛酸苷酶（β-G）、葡萄糖－6磷酸脱氢酶（G－6－PD）、乳酸脱氢酶同工酶X（LDHx）及一氧化氮（NO）、一氧化氮合酶（NOS）的含量或活力。结果：染毒7d大鼠血清GSH－Px、β-G、NOS活力下降，睾丸组织匀浆中MDA、活氧含量及β－G、NOS活力升高（P＜0．05），GSH－Px、SOD活力下降（P＜0．05）。结论：短时间接触呋喃丹可对大鼠睾丸组织产生脂质过氧化作用，对睾丸组织有损害。     

染矽尘大鼠肺匀浆、血浆一氧化氮、一氧化氮合酶的关系

目的：探讨染矽尘大鼠肺匀浆一氧化氮（NO）水平，一氧化氮合酶（NOS）活力与血浆NO水平，NOS活力变化的关系，方法：采用析因设计进行实验，采用气管注射染矽尘（40mg/只）方法建立动物模型；采用硝酸还原酶法测定血浆、肺组织匀浆NO水平，采用NOS催化L－Arg法测定血浆，肺匀浆NOS活力；采用SPSS 8．0和SAS6．12统计分析软件进行数据分析。结果：实验组动物肺匀浆NO水平与血浆NO水平，血浆NOS活力分别有正（r=0.3972,P=0.016)和负相关关系（r=-0.4204,P=0.011)；实验组动物肺匀浆NOS活力与血浆NO水平，血浆NOS活力之间相关关系不显著（P＞0．05），结论：矽尘可能导致血浆NO水平、NOS活力和肺匀浆NO水平，NOS活力变化，他们之间可能存在相关关系，提示矽尘所致血浆NO水平，NOS活力和肺浆浆NO水平，NOS活力变化有不同的机制。     

DEHP对大鼠脂质过氧化反应的影响

目的：探讨DEHP对大鼠脂质过氧化反应的影响。方法：通过对不同剂量DEHP染毒大鼠的血液,肝组织匀浆,线粒体匀浆中GSH－Px,GST,SOD,MDA指标的测定,结果：随着DEHP染毒剂量的增加,大鼠血中,组织中的GSH－Px,GST,SOD活性降低,MAD含量增加,尤其是大剂量组,差异均有显著性（P＜0．05,P＜0．01）,结论：DEHP可明显增加大鼠体内的脂质过氧化反应。     

染铅大鼠血清一氧化氮及一氧化氮合酶的变化及其相互关系的研究

目的探讨染铅过程中,大鼠血清一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)的变化及其相互关系.方法血清NO(NO3+NO2-)浓度测定采用硝酸还原酶法,血清NOS活力测定采用NOS催化L-Arg和氧分子生成NO法,血清SOD活力测定采用亚硝酸盐显色法,血清MDA测定采用硫代巴比妥(TBA)法.结果与对照组比较,高剂量慢性染铅组血清NOS活力在早期(7 d)为(26.03±3 40)U/ml,明显高于对照组(16 40±1.29)U/ml,差异有显著性(P＜0.05),晚期(60 d、90 d)明显降低,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).低、高剂量染铅组在60 d后血清NO和SOD明显低于对照组,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).高剂量染铅组血清MDA除14 d外各时点均明显高于对照组,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).血铅与血清NO、NOS间无相关关系(r=0.217,r=0 119,P＞0.05).血铅与血清SOD存在负相关关系(r=0.479,P＜0.01),且呈现负向抛物线型剂量-效应关系,血铅与血清MDA间存在正相关关系(r=0.496,P＜0.01),且呈现正向剂量效应关系(P＜0.01).血清NO与SOD间存在正相关关系(r=0 379,P＜0.01),且呈现正向剂量效应关系(P＜0.01).结论在慢性染铅过程中,可导致血清SOD活力降低,MDA含量升高,且呈剂量-效应关系,血清NO与SOD存在正相关,且呈正向剂量-效应关系,表明铅对血清NO、NOS的影响可能是通过影响SOD的活力来间接实现的.     

亚慢性十溴联苯醚对成年大鼠睾丸组织一氧化氮和一氧化氮合酶及标志酶的影响

目的观察十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)对成年大鼠睾丸组织一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)及标志酶的影响。方法将40只健康成年SPF级雄性SD大鼠随机分为溶剂对照(花生油)组和250、500、1 000 mg/kg BDE-209染毒组,每组10只。采用灌胃方式进行染毒,每天1次,连续染毒60 d。观察并计算大鼠精子的数量、活动度和畸形率;测定睾丸组织NO的含量和NOS、γ-谷氨酰转移酶(γ-GT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、山梨醇脱氢酶(SDH)的活力。结果与溶剂对照组比较,各剂量BDE-209染毒组大鼠精子数量和精子活动度以及500、1 000 mg/kg BDE-209染毒组大鼠睾丸组织γ-GT活力下降,而精子畸形率及NO含量和NOS活力升高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);且随着BDE-209染毒剂量的升高,大鼠精子数量和精子活动度及γ-GT呈逐渐下降的趋势,而精子畸形率及NO含量和NOS呈逐渐上升的趋势。结论亚慢性BDE-209染毒雄性成年大鼠精子质量和数量的降低可能与睾丸组织NOS活力、NO含量升高以γ-GT活力下降有关。     

冠心病患者血浆一氧化氮及一氧化氮合酶活力的研究

目的　探讨冠心病 (CHD)患者血浆一氧化氮 (NO)和一氧化氮合酶 (NOS)的水平差异以及其可能的影响因素。方法　采用试剂盒测定血浆中NO含量和NOS的活力 ,所得数据进行多元线性回归分析和协方差分析。结果　在本研究条件下 ,冠心病患者血浆NO含量为 (2 17.0 5± 15 3.31)μmol/L,NOS活力为 (14 .0 9± 7.14 )U/ml,均明显高于对照组 [分别为 (14 0 .6 9± 90 .96 ) μmol/L、(7.75±3.79)U/ml],差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。吸烟和饮酒是血浆NOS的独立影响因素。性别是血浆NO的独立影响因素。结论　血浆NO和NOS与冠心病具有密切的关系。     

水泥粉尘接触工人血清中一氧化氮及一氧化氮合酶水平研究

目的探讨水泥粉尘接触工人血清中一氧化氮（NO）及一氧化氮合酶（NOS）水平的变化。方法采用硝酸还原酶法，对50名实验组及50名正常对照者的血清NO及NOS水平进行测定。结果实验组工人血清NO水平高于对照组，实验组总NOS和诱导型NOS（iNOS）的酶活力明显高于对照组，两组阁差异有显著性（P〈0．05）；不同工龄组工人NO、总NOS、iNOS水平经t＇检验，差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论NO及NOS与水泥粉尘所致的病理损伤有关。     

Response of Antioxidant System of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Following Exposure to Chromium and Copper in Differing Hardness

Tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) were exposed to copper or chromium in soft water (SW) (~80 mg CaCO₃/L, conductivity 1.77 mS/cm) or hard water (HW) (~320 mg CaCO₃/L, conductivity 5.80 mS/cm) using 2 exposure protocols (20 μM for 48 h and 10 μM for 144 h). Following the exposures, antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD); catalase (CAT); glutathione peroxidase; glutathione reductase; and glutathione S-transferase (GST)] and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured in the liver of fish. SOD and CAT activities of control fish kept in SW were significantly lower than control fish kept in HW. However, the other antioxidant indices (glutathione metabolism) of both control fish were unaffected from water hardness. Acute metal exposures did not alter the glutathione metabolism, whereas SOD activity in SW and CAT activity in both waters changed significantly. In subchronic duration, Cu exposure caused significant decreases in measured parameters, except for GST activity and GSH level. Similarly, GST activity and GSH level were unaffected from Cr exposure. This study showed that SOD and CAT were the most sensitive antioxidant indices, and that glutathione metabolism, in general, was not altered following metal exposures in different waters.     

Prophylactic effect of aqueous extract of Sesamum indicum seeds on ethanol-induced toxicity in male rats

The liver is vulnerable to alcohol-related injury because it is the primary site of alcohol metabolism. Additionally, a number of potentially dangerous by-products are generated as alcohol is broken down in the liver. However, dietary supplements may prevent or relieve some of alcohol''s deleterious effects. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the prophylactic effect of aqueous extract of Sesamum indicum (SI) on ethanol induced toxicity in rats. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into control, ethanol, pre-treatment, simultaneous and post-treatment groups. In the prophylactic experiment, Sesamum indicum, (200 mg/kg body weight) was administered by oral gavage for 28 days; two hours before, simultaneously with or two hours after ethanol exposure. Toxicity was induced by administering 45% ethanol (4.8 g/kg bw) by oral gavage. Lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and gluthathione-S-transferase (GST) activities were then determined in the liver, serum triglyceride (TG) levels, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were monitored and histological examination was carried out. The results revealed that ethanol administration led to significant elevation of TBARS level while depleting in the level of GSH as well as CAT, GPx, SOD and GST activities. Similarly, TG level and ALT and AST activities were elevated. The SI pre-treated group significantly inhibited TBARS, restored GSH level, enhanced CAT, GPx, SOD and GST activities and significantly decreased the elevated level of serum TG, ALT and AST activities. SI treatment (simultaneously with ethanol) exhibited similar effects to those of the SI pre-treated groups, while the SI post-treated group did not show the same protection as the Pre-treated group. S. indicum possesses antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties, that eliminate the deleterious effects of toxic metabolites of ethanol.     

Effects of copper and its ethylenediaminetetraacetate complex on the antioxidant defenses of the goldfish, Carassius auratus

Copper bioavailability in the tissues of goldfish and antioxidant defenses in the liver of fish were investigated in vivo following 40 days of exposure to different species of copper solutions at different concentrations. Copper seemed to be more concentrated in the gill than in the liver after Cu(2+) and copper-ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Cu-EDTA) exposure. The addition of EDTA markedly affected copper adsorption in the gill but had no significant effects in the liver. We also found that in the fish exposed to the concentration of Cu(2+) below the Chinese national fishery water quality standard of 0.01 mg/L, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in liver were stimulated and catalase (CAT) and Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx) activities were inhibited after 40 days of exposure. Compared to copper exposure, the addition of EDTA did not affect SOD and GST significantly. However, CAT and GPx activity with Cu(2+) exposure were significantly different from those with Cu-EDTA exposure.     

Tissue-Specific Antioxidant Responses in Pale Chub (Zacco platypus) Exposed to Copper and Benzo[a]pyrene

In this study, antioxidant responses including lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), were evaluated in the liver, gill and muscle tissues of pale chub (Zacco platypus) exposed to copper (Cu) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). Cu exposure induced significant antioxidant responses in Z. platypus, particularly in the liver, whereas BaP exposure had a negligible effect. Following Cu exposure, both SOD and CAT activity increased in a concentration-dependent manner, showing significant correlations with malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as a measure of LPO (r = 0.646 and 0.663, respectively). SOD, CAT and GST mRNA levels were also enhanced following Cu exposure, except at 20 μg L^?1, although significant correlations with antioxidant enzyme activities were not found. The results of this study suggest that combined information on SOD and CAT activities together with LPO levels in the liver could be a useful indicator for assessing oxidative stress in freshwater fish.     

Prominent free radicals scavenging activity of tannic acid in lead-induced oxidative stress in experimental mice

Lead (Pb) is known to disrupt the pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance of tissues leading to biochemical and physiological dysfunction. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of tannic acid on some biochemical parameters in Swiss albino mice exposed to lead acetate. The levels of thiobarbaturic acid-reactive substances (TBARS) as an index of lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide (NO), and serum lead (Pb) were significantly increased following intragastric administration of 50 micromole lead acetate/kg body weight three times a week, every other day for three weeks, compared to the corresponding control values. On the other hand, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione content (GSH) and serum copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were significantly diminished relative to the control values. The administration of 20 mg tannic acid/kg body weight three times a week every other day for three weeks, enhanced the endogenous antioxidant capacity of the cells by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH-R, GST), GSH content and serum Cu and Zn levels. Compared to the lead acetate-exposed group, the levels of TBARS, NO and Pb were decreased in the lead acetate exposed group treated with tannic acid. These results afford evidence supporting the hypothesis that lead induces oxidative stress in hepatic cells. Moreover, tannic acid has a potential in sustaining global antioxidant effect in hepatic cells leading to decreased oxidative stress and cellular damage initiated through free radical production by lead acetate.     

不同浓时积光气致大鼠急性死亡及氧化损伤作用

目的观察不同浓时积(concentration×time,Ct)光气致大鼠急性死亡和氧化损伤的作用。方法雄性SD大鼠60只随机分为对照组和5个光气染毒组,Ct分别为3ml×3min,15ml×1min,7.5ml×2min,5ml×3min及10ml×3min(30ml/min)。染毒后观察24h,计算病死(比)率。免疫组化法测定染毒后24h的肝脏核转录因子(NF-κB)的表达。以无动物死亡组作为氧化损伤观察组,染毒后24h测定肺脏湿干比、血清和肝脏丙二醛(MDA)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)。结果(1)病死比:对照组(0/10)、3×3组(0/10)、15×1组(0/10)、7.5×2组(4/10)、5×3组(4/10)、10×3组(10/10);(2)NF-κB:除对照组外,染毒组均有表达,15×1组最明显;(3)氧化损伤:对照组、3×3组和15×1组无动物死亡,作为氧化损伤观察组。各组肺湿干比与对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);15×1组肝脏MDA、肝脏和血清SOD较对照组升高(P<0.05);3×3组各指标与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论Ct值相同时,染毒时间越长,中毒越重,表明光气吸入导致动物死亡的过程中,染毒时间的作用大于染毒浓度;而非致死剂量的光气吸入造成的炎性反应和氧化损伤则与染毒浓度密切相关。     

谷胱甘肽对锰染毒大鼠抗氧化能力的影响

目的研究谷胱甘肽(GSH)对锰染毒大鼠抗氧化能力的影响。方法将48只清洁级健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为6组,即空白对照组(生理盐水)、拮抗组(1 mmol/kg GSH)、低剂量染毒组(15 mg/kg MnCl2.4H2O)、高剂量染毒组(30mg/kgMnCl2.4H2O)、低剂量染毒拮抗组(15 mg/kgMnCl2.4H2O和1 mmol/kgGSH)和高剂量染毒拮抗组(30 mg/kg MnCl2.4H2O和1 mmol/kgGSH),每组8只。采用化学比色法检测血清和睾丸组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活力,并对睾丸组织进行病理学检查。结果与空白对照组比较,高剂量染毒组血清和睾丸组织SOD、CAT及GSH-Px活力均下降(P<0.01);低剂量染毒组血清SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活力和睾丸SOD活力均下降(P<0.05,P<0.01);高剂量染毒拮抗组血清和睾丸组织SOD和CAT活力明显下降(P<0.01)。与相同剂量的单纯锰染毒组比较,低剂量染毒拮抗组血清和睾丸组织SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活力均恢复至对照组水平;高剂量染毒拮抗组血清SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活力均明显上升(P<0.01),睾丸组织SOD和GSH-Px活力明显上升(P<0.01)。病理检查可见低剂量染毒组和高剂量染毒组睾丸生精小管呈现不同程度的变性,生精上皮变薄,管腔内精子较少或缺如。低剂量染毒拮抗组睾丸病理学的改变基本恢复正常;高剂量染毒拮抗组睾丸仍然可见变性的生精小管,管腔内精子较少见。结论GSH可拮抗锰染毒大鼠抗氧化能力的降低,对机体起一定的保护作用。     

Antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects of capsaicin against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential hepatoprotective utility of capsaicin against carbon tetrachloride (CCl?)-induced liver injury and to explore the possible mechanisms whereby this agent mediated its beneficial effects. We randomized 40 rats into four groups for treatment with corn oil, CCl?, capsaicin and both CCl? and capsaicin, respectively, for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected and used for determination of aspartylaminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin, while the liver tissues were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin examination; evaluation of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and active caspase-3 contents; and evaluation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities. Animals treated with CCl? exhibited significant elevation in AST, ALT, total bilirubin and caspase-3 and exhibited significant decrease in activities of SOD, CAT, GST and GSH contents. The combination (both capsaicin and CCl?) group has preserved the liver histology, liver enzymes and bilirubin close to normal, exhibited significant induction in the activities of CAT, SOD and GST, increased the liver content of GSH and active caspase-3 and conversely showed significant decrease in liver MDA content compared to CCl? challenged rats. Capsaicin confers an appealing hepatoprotective effect which might be explained partially via diminishing the generation of MDA, induction of antioxidant systems and inhibition of active caspase-3.     

Response of integrated biomarkers of fish (Lateolabrax japonicus) exposed to benzo[a]pyrene and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate

Fish Lateolabrax japonicus were exposed to 0.1 and 1mg/L of anion surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) and to 2 and 20 microg/L of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) for 6, 12, and 18 days, with control and solvent control groups. Liver antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), and glutathione S-transferase (GST), were determined; brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and liver inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activities were also measured. The results indicated that (1) L. japonicus avoided oxidative damage through antioxidant systems; (2) SOD, GPx, and GSH were induced, and GST was inhibited and then induced by B[a]P exposure; and (3) CAT, GPx, and AChE were induced while iNOS was inhibited, and GST was induced and then inhibited by SDBS stress in experimental period.     

低剂量辐射对荷瘤鼠放疗后血清中抗氧化酶活性的影响

目的 观察低剂量辐射对荷瘤鼠放疗后血清中抗氧化酶活性的影响。方法 采用化学比色法测定不同照射时相点血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽-S转移酶(GST)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。结果 低剂量全身照射组血清中SOD、GST、CAT活力高于相应对照组;低剂量+局部放疗组(d₃ d₅)血清中SOD、GST、CAT活力显著高于局部大剂量组(c₃,c₅);尤以连续三天照射组明显。结论 低剂量辐射激活荷瘤机体抗氧化物酶可能是低剂量辐射抑瘤作用的部分机制