尺动脉腕背支骨膜瓣修复三角纤维软骨的应用解剖

目的　为三角纤维软骨修复提供新的手术方法。　方法　在 4 0侧经动脉灌注红色乳胶的成人尸体标本上 ,解剖观测尺动脉腕背支的走行、分支及分布。　结果　尺动脉腕背支在豌豆骨近侧 3.9± 1 .2 cm处起于尺动脉 ,经尺神经前方 (少数经后方 ) ,在尺侧腕屈肌与尺侧腕伸肌间隙穿出后 ,分为升支和降支。升支穿深筋膜沿前臂尺侧缘上行 ,与前臂尺侧其他皮支相吻合 ,降支粗大 ,经尺骨头前方与豌豆骨之间进入手背 ,与小指掌背动脉尺侧支或掌深弓小鱼际支相吻合。升、降支分别在起始处发出 1～ 3支、外径 0 .2～ 0 .7m m骨膜支营养尺骨远端前内面的骨膜。　结论　在升、降支分支前结扎尺动脉腕背支 ,可以降支为蒂设计逆行尺骨远端骨膜瓣转位修复三角纤维软骨的新术式     

四种前臂带蒂皮瓣修复手部创伤的疗效比较

目的 探讨手部创伤致软组织缺损和虎口挛缩的理想修复方法.方法 对收治的87例手部软组织缺损和虎口挛缩的病例,应用桡动脉鼻咽窝上行穿支逆行皮瓣、带前臂外侧皮神经营养血管筋膜皮瓣、前臂骨间背侧动脉逆行岛状皮瓣、尺动脉腕上皮动脉升支皮瓣等四种前臂带蒂皮瓣修复,对其疗效进行分析总结.结果 64例皮瓣完全成活,22例小部分表浅坏死,1例50%以上全层坏死.从皮瓣成活的优良率和出血量上对比,上述四种皮瓣无显著差异(P>0.05);从手术时间上对比,应用桡动脉穿支蒂组优于骨间背动脉蒂组和尺动脉腕上升支蒂组(P<0.05).结论 四种不同类型的前臂带蒂皮瓣对手腕部及虎口软组织的修复提供了多种选择,从手术时间上和移植皮瓣蒂距受区的距离和灵活性上对比,桡动脉鼻咽窝上行穿支逆行皮瓣最具优越性.该皮瓣简单、实用、安全、快捷,可重建感觉功能,是手部创伤修复较为理想的选择.     

尺动脉近侧穿支蒂前臂内侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复肘部皮肤缺损

目的探讨尺动脉近侧穿支蒂前臂内侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣对肘部皮肤缺损修复的可行性。方法2006年1月至2008年12月,采用尺动脉近侧穿支蒂前臂内侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣转移修复肘部创面患者12例,年龄20～52岁。7例单纯皮肤缺损,5例伴有骨外露,2例伴尺神经缺损。神经缺损采用游离腓肠神经移植桥接,皮肤软组织缺损范围约4.0cm×5.0cm～6.0cm×8.0cm。供区游离植皮。结果12块皮瓣全部存活,皮瓣范围5.0cm×6.0cm～7.0cm×9.0cm。8例获随访(包括电话随访)1个月至2年,皮瓣色泽、质地与外形良好,肘关节可自由活动。2例尺神经缺损病例随访6～10个月,爪形手畸形明显改善。结论尺动脉近侧穿支蒂前臂内侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣可修复肘部皮肤缺损,血供可靠,手术操作简单。     

前臂内侧神经血管复合体岛状筋膜皮瓣的应用解剖

目的为前臂内侧神经血管复合体岛状筋膜皮瓣的应用提供解剖学基础。方法上肢标本18侧,显微剥离表皮组织,观察前臂内侧皮神经、贵要静脉及各自营养血管的起始、走行、分支、分布及与其它血管的吻合情况;新鲜整尸标本5具,动脉灌注显影剂,剥离体被组织于X光下摄影,分析皮动脉的分布及其与毗邻血管的关系。结果前臂内侧皮神经前支与贵要静脉伴行,两者周围分布着外径大于0.5 mm的营养动脉,平均3.4支,它们分别来自尺侧下副动脉、尺侧返动脉和尺动脉,营养动脉彼此吻合,形成动脉血管链。其中第一支位于肘横纹上21.25±6.33 mm,血管外径1.03±0.24 mm。结论可以在前臂内侧部切取神经血管复合体岛状筋膜皮瓣,供临床使用。     

股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复前臂远端创面

目的 探讨前臂远端创面利用游离的股前外侧穿支皮瓣显微外科手术修复的治疗效果. 方法应用股前外侧穿支皮瓣穿支血管蒂与前臂骨间后血管或尺动脉腕上支血管吻合移植修复前臂远端创面7例.结果 术后皮瓣全部成活,随访平均18月,外形和感觉恢复良好.结论 旋股外侧动脉降支血管穿支较多,选择余地大,利用该血管吻接不牺牲前臂主干血管,供区无继发损伤,适合前臂远端创面的修复.     

带蒂尺骨远端移植修复腕掌部骨缺损的解剖学研究

解剖观察71只成人上肢标本发现,骨间背侧动脉不仅沿途发出7.35±2.60个皮支,供应前臂背侧皮肤,还在距尺骨茎突近端3.57±0.51cm,于骨间背侧动脉与骨间掌侧动脉背支的吻合弓附近,发出2.31±0.77个骨膜支,支配尺骨远端的血供。它的终末支在尺骨小头桡侧向远端行走.参与尺、桡动脉背支形成的腕背动脉网,以其远端终末支为血管蒂,成为带骨间背侧动脉蒂尺骨远端移植修复腕掌部骨缺损的解剖学基础。     

腘动脉外侧皮支岛状筋膜皮瓣修复下肢软组织缺损

利用腘动脉外侧皮支血管为蒂，形成(1)顺行岛状皮瓣：选用外侧皮支1支作为皮瓣营养血管，皮瓣旋转幅度大，面积可达20～17cm^2，血管蒂长，可达14cm。(2)逆行岛状皮瓣：选用胫动脉穿支与外侧皮支动脉末梢支的吻合网作为皮瓣营养血管，血管蒂长，血供丰富．转移灵活。这类皮瓣适用于膝关节、小腿下端、踝关节、足部皮肤缺损的修复。     

桡侧肌皮支的临床应用解剖

通过对４６侧上肢标本的测量，对桡侧肌皮支的起始与行程、分支与分布，管径及血管吻合进行了解剖学观察。结果：①桡侧肌皮支８０．４％来源于前臂骨间背侧动脉，１９．６％来源于桡侧返动脉。②桡侧肌皮支分别与骨间前动脉腕背支的桡侧骨皮支和桡动脉的桡侧返动脉吻合，为前臂背外侧皮肤及浅筋膜的主要营养血管。③桡侧肌皮支自起始处至穿深筋膜点的长度约为４５．１±６．８ｍｍ，穿筋膜点处的管径为０．４４±０．１４ｍｍ，且穿深筋膜点的位置怛定。本研究为以骨间背侧动脉桡侧肌皮支为血管蒂的皮瓣，提供了可靠的解剖学依据。     

远端为蒂逆行小腿皮神经营养血管皮瓣的解剖研究

目的：探寻远端为蒂的逆行小腿皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复小腿远段、足踝部软组织缺损的解剖学基础。方法：选用经动脉灌注红色乳胶的成人下肢标本12例，解剖观察小腿皮神经及营养血管的来源、行径．分支分布及营养血管的外径，特别是营养血管与知名血管的吻合关系：结果：小腿皮神经都有起源于知名血管的营养血管伴行，在神经旁形成3条皮神经营养血管链，除发出分支营养神经外，还发出皮支营养皮肤。结论：以远端为蒂的逆行小腿皮神经营养血管皮瓣可用于修复小腿远段、足踝部软组织缺损。     

小隐静脉-腓肠外侧神经营养血管蒂皮瓣修复下肢组织缺损的临床应用

目的探讨小隐静脉-腓肠外侧神经营养血管蒂皮瓣修复下肢组织缺损的方法和临床效果。方法术前采用Doppler探测小隐静脉走行方向、腓动脉穿支点及其走形方向并标记,设计以腓动脉穿支为蒂、带腓肠外侧神经的皮瓣,修复足跟电击伤4例,踝部慢性溃疡3例,小腿远端胫腓骨骨折术后骨钢板外露2例。结果小隐静脉-腓肠外侧神经营养血管蒂皮瓣全部成活,随访3个月～1年,皮瓣质地良好,功能、外形恢复满意,保留了足背外侧、足跟的感觉功能。结论小隐静脉-腓肠外侧神经营养血管蒂皮瓣血运可靠,成活率高,保留了足背外侧、足跟的感觉功能,是修复下肢组织缺损比较理想的方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.