羟乙基淀粉对大鼠内毒素急性肺损伤防护机制的研究

目的 初步探讨不同剂量6％羟乙基淀粉（HES,200／0．5）输注后预防内毒素感染型大鼠急性肺损伤（ALI）的作用机制。方法 健康雄性SD清洁级大鼠50只,随机分成5组（每组10只）,A1-A3及B组均股静脉注射大肠杆菌脂多糖（LPS）5ms／kg,1分钟后以0．2ml／min的速度分别持续输注6％HES 3．75ml／kg、7．5ml／kg、15ml／kg及NS7．5ml／kg;C组（对照组）给予等容量的NS。致伤后4小时观察动脉血气、肺组织匀浆丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性,一氧化氮（NO）的变化;肺含水率,支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）内蛋白含量、白细胞数量及分类的变化。结果 A1-A3及C组动脉氧分压（PaO2）,剩余碱（BE）值明显高于B组（P〈0．01）;A3组动脉二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）低于A2、B组及C组。肺组织匀浆MDA、NO含量、肺含水率、BALF内蛋白含量、白细胞数量及分类A1-A3和C组均低于B组;A1-A3和C组SOD活性均高于B组;A2组与C组差异不明显。结论 3．75ml／kg、7．5ml／kg、15ml／kg6％HES通过一定程度的血液稀释,防止和堵塞毛细血管渗漏效应,抑制内皮细胞活化而阻断白细胞的黏附及迁移,从而减轻炎症损伤,对ALI有明显的保护作用,但7．5ml／kg HES的效应最佳。     

Sidt2基因剔除小鼠的肺部形态学改变

目的:观察Sidt2基因剔除小鼠的肺组织超微结构,探讨Sidt2基因在肺脏形态发育过程中的作用。方法:将利用基因打靶及同源重组技术获得的Sidt2基因全身剔除小鼠和野生型B129品系小鼠合笼交配,鼠尾提取DNA进行基因型鉴定,挑选出子代Sidt2-/+小鼠,同笼交配,再挑选出子代Sidt2-/-小鼠为实验组,以同窝野生型小鼠为对照,进行DNA、RNA和Western鉴定,并行肺组织光镜和电镜形态学观察。结果:通过DNA、RNA、蛋白质水平验证模型构造成功。光镜下对照鼠肺泡壁光滑,仅有少量粒细胞浸润;模型鼠肺泡间质内毛细血管扩张、充血,多处炎症细胞呈灶状分布。电镜下对照鼠的肺组织形态较规则;模型鼠可见肺泡上皮细胞崩解,毛细血管充血及基底膜增厚。结论:Sidt2基因剔除可影响小鼠肺组织形态,表现为细胞坏死,毛细血管充血及基底膜增厚,大量炎症细胞浸润,造成肺损伤。     

谷氨酰胺不同时点给药对内毒素致大鼠急性肺损伤的影响

目的:观察不同时点给予谷氨酰胺对内毒素致大鼠急性肺损伤的影响。方法:静脉注射脂多糖(LPS)5mg/kg复制大鼠急性肺损伤模型。雄性SD大鼠80只,随机分为5组:对照组(C组);LPS组(L组);G1,G2,G3组为谷氨酰胺 LPS组,分别于LPS注入前1h、LPS注入即刻、LPS注入后1h静脉注射谷氨酰胺0.75g/kg。所有动物于注射LPS4h后颈动脉放血处死,取肺组织测定肺湿/干重比、肺组织TNF-α蛋白水平、伊文斯蓝含量。光镜下观察肺组织形态学变化,透射电镜下观察肺组织超微结构变化。结果:G1组和G2组肺湿/干重比、伊文斯蓝含量、肺组织TNF-α蛋白水平较L组明显下降,光镜下肺组织结构及透射电镜下肺组织超微结构明显改善;G3组上述指标变化与L组相似。结论:谷氨酰胺早期给药可降低内毒素所致急性肺损伤肺泡毛细血管膜的通透性,使肺组织病理损伤减轻。     

羟乙基淀粉130/0.4对内毒素诱导的大鼠血浆炎症因子表达和单个核细胞核转录因子活性的影响

目的 观察羟乙基淀粉130/0.4(HES 130/0.4)对内毒素腹腔注射大鼠炎症因子表达的影响,并通过其对单个核细胞核因子-、κB(NF-κB)和激活蛋白-1(AP-1)活性的影响探讨相关分子机制.方法 36只雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为6组(n=6),对照组静脉输注生理盐水30 ml/kg,LPS组腹腔注射脂多糖(LPS)5 mg/kg后静脉输注生理盐水30 ml/kg,LPS HES组按照HES 130/0.4的剂量不同分为3个亚组,分别腹腔注射LPS 5 mg/kg,接着分别静脉输注HES 130/0.4 7.5、15、30 ml/kg,HES组静脉输注HES 130/0.4 30 ml/kg.在腹腔注射LPS 3 h后以ELISA法检测血浆肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)浓度,用凝胶电迁移法检测NF-κB和AP-1的水平.结果 腹腔注射LPS后大鼠血浆TNF-α、IL-10和IFN-γ的浓度较对照组明显升高,且NF-κB和AP-1的活性明显增加(P＜0.05);HES 130/0.4静脉输注可降低血浆TNF-α和IFN-γ的浓度以及NF-κB和AP-1的活性(P＜0.05),而增加IL-10的浓度(P＜0.05),其中15 ml/kg剂量组对TNF-α、IFN-γ和NF-κB的作用最强(P＜0.01),而7.5 ml/kg剂量组对IL-10和AP-1的作用最强(P＜0.01).结论 HES 130/0.4可降低内毒素注射后促炎因子的表达,增强抗炎因子的表达,可能与其抑制转录因子NF-κB和AP-1的活性有关.     

柚皮素脂质体冻干粉的制备及其药效学评价

目的制备柚皮素脂质体冻干粉,并观察其对急性肺损伤(ALI)大鼠模型的治疗效果。方法乙醇注入法制备柚皮素脂质体并进行质量评价,加入冻干保护剂甘露醇(5%,W/V),冻干并进行相关粉体学评价。大鼠气管喷注脂多糖(LPS)(5 mg/kg)制备急性肺损伤模型,将48只SD雌性大鼠随机分成6组(n=8),分别为空白对照组(A组)、模型组(B组)、柚皮素原料药+LPS组(C组)、脂质体冻干粉+LPS组(D组)、地塞米松+LPS组(E组)和空白脂质体冻干粉+LPS组(F组),光学显微镜观察给药后各组大鼠肺组织形态学改变,并测定肺组织湿/干重比。结果最佳处方制得的柚皮素脂质体包封率为(82.44±0.98)%,平均粒径为(133±11)nm,Zeta电位为(-35.9±5)m V。冻干粉的休止角为36°,堆密度为0.3 g/ml。光镜观察结果显示,与A组空白对照比较,B~F组肺组织均出现不同程度炎性细胞的浸润、毛细血管充血、出血和肺泡壁增厚,其中以B组和F组改变最为显著,C组次之,D组和E组最轻。LPS诱导后B~F组肺组织湿/干重比均有不同程度增加,但D组和E组湿/干重比的增加量明显低于B组(P=0.0012,P=0.0018)。结论乙醇注入法制备柚皮素脂质体工艺简单可行,其冻干粉对大鼠急性肺损伤疗效显著。     

谷氨酰胺对脂多糖致急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织核因子-κB的影响

目的 探讨谷氨酰胺对脂多糖致急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织核因子(NF)-κB和肺组织病理学变化的影响.方法 静脉注射脂多糖(LPS)5mg/kg复制大鼠急性肺损伤模型.雄性SD大鼠50只,随机分为5组(n=10):对照组(A组);LPS组(B组);C、D、E组为谷氨酰胺+LPS组,分别于LPS注入前1 h、LPS注入同时、LPS注入后1h,静脉注射谷氨酰胺0.75g/kg.于注射LPS后4 h处死动物,测定肺组织NF-κB mRNA表达、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量,HE染色光镜观察肺组织病理变化.结果 与B组比较,C、D组不同程度逆转肺组织SOD活性的下降,抑制肺组织NF-κB mRNA、TNF-α及MDA水平的升高(P＜0.01),光镜下可见肺组织损伤明显减轻.E组上述指标改善不明显.结论 谷氨酰胺早期给药对脂多糖性急性肺损伤起保护效应,其机制与抑制肺组织NF-κB mRNA的过度表达,从而抑制肺部炎症反应有关.     

地昔帕明对脂多糖急性肺损伤小鼠核因子-κB表达的影响

目的:观察地昔帕明(DP)对脂多糖(LPS)引起的急性肺损伤小鼠肺组织核因子-κB(NF-κB)的影响,进一步探讨DP对急性肺损伤的保护机制。方法:昆明小鼠随机分为生理盐水对照组(NS组)、地昔帕明对照组(DP组)、模型组(LPS组)及地昔帕明处理组(DP+LPS组)。腹腔注射LPS建立小鼠急性肺损伤模型。造模6h后光镜下观察肺组织病理学改变,免疫组化检测NF-κB在肺组织的表达和分布。结果:病理切片显示LPS组肺泡和间隙水肿明显,大量中性粒细胞浸润,肺间隔增厚,充血明显,DP处理组病理改变较LPS组有不同程度减轻。免疫组化结果显示LPS组NF-κB p65表达较DP处理组明显升高。结论:DP对LPS急性肺损伤小鼠的保护机制可能抑制与NF-κB信号转导通路,减轻肺组织中性粒细胞浸润程度有关。     

低剂量低分子肝素对内毒素诱发的急性肺损伤的影响

目的 探讨低剂量低分子肝素(LMWH)对内毒素(LPS)诱发的急性肺损伤(ALI)的影响.方法 选取36只雄性SD大鼠分为3组:正常对照组(A组),LPS组(B组)和LPS+ LMWH组(C组),每组12只.B、C组腹腔注射6 mg/kg LPS诱发ALI.C组腹腔注射低分子肝素100 U/kg,B组腹腔注入同等容积的生理盐水.6h后处死动物,光镜下观察各组大鼠肺组织病理改变,行动脉血气分析、检测肺湿质量/干质量(W/D)比值和支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中总蛋白浓度;测定肺组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性、丙二醛(MDA)水平;ELISA法测定血浆中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)及白细胞介素6(IL-6)水平.结果 B、C组PaO2、pH值低于A组,C组与B组相比明显升高(P＜0.05).B、C组大鼠肺W/D、BALF总蛋白及肺组织MDA、MPO水平明显高于A组(P＜0.01);C组与B组相比,肺W/D、BALF中蛋白及肺组织MDA、MPO水平明显下降(P＜0.05).B、C组大鼠血浆中TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-6水平较A组明显升高(P＜0.01),而C组较B组明显降低(P＜0.01).结论 LMWH处理能够减轻LPS诱发的急性肺损伤.     

肺泡Ⅱ型细胞凋亡在急进高原大鼠早期肺损伤中的作用

目的观察、探讨肺泡Ⅱ型细胞凋亡在急进高原大鼠肺损伤中的作用与意义。方法 60只wistar大鼠急进高原后,随机分高原1、3、7 d组,经处理,观察大鼠肺组织大体形态变化;H-E染色,显微镜观察肺组织学变化,电镜观察肺组织超微结构的变化。结果光镜下,大鼠肺组织出现了明显的炎症反应,肺泡壁毛细血管充血水肿,肺泡腔内有大量炎细胞;电镜下,肺泡上皮细胞凋亡明显。实验组形态学损伤重于对照组,且细胞凋亡率高于对照组,两者存在统计学差异（P〈0.05）。结论急进高原大鼠Ⅱ型细胞凋亡可能是引起高原急性肺损伤的原因之一,推测凋亡可能导致肺水转运障碍、钠水潴留而引发肺损伤。但其肺水转运障碍引发肺损伤的作用机制还有待于进一步研究。     

血管生成素2在大鼠内毒性急性肺损伤中的作用与机制研究

目的：探讨血管生成素-2(Ang-2)在脂多糖(LPS)致大鼠急性肺损伤(ALI)时的表达及其机制。方法48只清洁级SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、1 mg/kg LPS组、5 mg/kg LPS组和10 mg/kg LPS组,每组12只。 LPS组尾静脉注射不同剂量LPS复制ALI模型,对照组注射同等体积生理盐水,留取肺组织标本,观察肺湿/干重( W/D)比值、HE染色光镜观察肺组织标本病理改变并进行肺损伤评分,各组ELISA法检测血浆中Ang-2与血管内皮生长因子( VEGF)的表达,Westernblot方法检测肺组织中Ang-2的蛋白表达情况。结果 LPS注射进入大鼠尾静脉6 h后,光镜下可见肺组织内的炎性细胞浸润,肺泡隔增宽,肺间质水肿和肺结构破坏等病理改变;LPS各组的肺损伤评分与W/D比值明显高于对照组(P<0．05);LPS不同剂量组血浆中Ang-2与VEGF的表达水平较对照组明显增高(P<0．05),血浆中Ang-2的表达与VEGF、肺损伤评分呈正相关(r=0．826,P<0．05;r=0．775,P<0．05);LPS不同剂量组与Ang-2蛋白的表达水平呈现剂量效应关系(P<0．05)。结论 Ang-2参与大鼠ALI的发病过程,且Ang-2水平增高与ALI严重程度有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.