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明确阐释在进行精神卫生临床试验设计时,应正确把握"均衡原则"的意义和要领。从基本常识出发,并基于精神卫生科研的特点,寻找和发现在此研究领域中,怎样做才能被称为严格遵守了"均衡原则"。通过结合本专业的特点,并结合实例,获得如下的结果,即在进行精神卫生临床试验设计时,必须把握好以下三个方面:1正确领悟均衡的涵义;2正确把握实现对比组间均衡的方略;3应清楚在临床试验研究的每一个环节上,严格落实标准化操作规程和实时精准进行质量控制,是确保对比组间均衡的重要举措。在如何严格遵守均衡原则问题上,正确把握好前述提及的三个方面,就是抓住了问题的本质,是提高临床试验研究质量的一个重要环节。 相似文献
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明确阐释在进行精神卫生临床试验设计时,应正确把握"影响因素"的意义和要领。从基本常识出发,并基于精神卫生科研的特点,寻找和发现在此研究领域中,怎样做才能被称为正确把握了"影响因素"。通过结合本专业的特点和实例,获得如下的结果,即在进行精神卫生临床试验设计时,必须把握好以下五个方面:1影响因素的分类;2确定因素及其水平的原则;3如何对试验因素进行标准化;4如何找准找全重要的非试验因素;5如何有效控制重要非试验因素。在如何确定影响因素的问题上,正确把握好前述提及的五个方面,就是抓住了问题的本质,是提高临床试验研究质量的一个重要环节。 相似文献
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背景:评价化妆品皮肤刺激性,传统多采用兔皮肤刺激实验,即将化学物涂抹在动物背部去毛的皮肤上,观察其变化,这些方法费时,费力,且给动物带来很大痛苦。各国实验室都在寻找动物替代实验的方法。
目的:采用平皿法鸡胚试验方法作为替代方法评价化妆品引起人体皮肤不良反应潜在可能的可行性。
设计、时间及地点:动物替代实验,于2008-03/05在中国检验检疫科学研究院毒理学实验室完成。
材料:无特定病原体级受精鸡卵,购于北京梅里亚通实验动物技术有限公司。
方法:将鸡胚置于平皿中,孵育第8天用于试验,记录出现出血,血管裂解及凝血的鸡胚数目,得出刺激因子X,以判断待测物质是否具有人体皮肤不良反应潜在可能。并与人体斑贴试验结果进行比较。
主要观察指标:刺激因子X。
结果:5种化妆品中2种有人体皮肤不良反应潜在可能,刺激因子X>5。与人体斑贴试验结果经校正χ2 检验比较,差异无显著性意义,其灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测价值、阴性预测价值均为1。
结论:平皿法鸡胚试验和人体斑贴试验的结果一致,该方法可以用来评价化妆品的皮肤刺激性。
关键词:皮肤刺激性;替代方法;人体斑贴试验;鸡胚试验 相似文献
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2010年10月4日,我在叩诊锤论坛发了一个帖子,题为:论"腔梗"(叩诊锤论坛网址:http://www.rhammer.cn/forum/).在第1帖我写下了这样一段话:"腔梗"?多少人在谈论腔梗,又有多少人为之神伤!我就是其中一个!有关"腔隙性脑梗死"的想法陆陆续续在论坛上写了不少,也和诸多同仁探讨过不少,但仍然是说不清道不明. 相似文献
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背景:评价化妆品光毒性,传统多采用兔或豚鼠动物实验,即将化学物涂抹在动物背部去毛的皮肤上,经一定时间间隔后暴露于UVA 光线下,观察其变化,费时,费力,且给动物带来很大痛苦。各国实验室都在寻找动物替代实验的方法。
目的:采用2种3T3细胞光毒替代试验方法(中性红法与MTT法)作为替代方法评价防晒化妆品引起皮肤光毒性的可能性。
设计、时间及地点:动物替代实验。实验于2008年8月~2008年12月中中国检验检疫科学研究院毒理学实验室完成。
材料:3T3小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞,购于美国ATCC公司。
方法:选用SPF值分别为10,15,30的防晒化妆品霜剂和乳液各一种,作用于3T3 细胞后,暴露或不暴露于紫外线下,用中性红法与MTT法判定细胞毒性情况,分析其细胞存活率,,光刺激因子( PIF) ,以判断待测物质是否具有光毒性。
主要观察指标:PIF值。
结果:防晒化妆品SPF30-2(霜剂)可能有光毒性,2≤PIF<5。MTT与NRU两种方法均得到了相同的结论。
结论:3T3细胞光毒性试验用来评价化妆品的光毒性是可行的,应加强对防晒化妆品的监管。 相似文献
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《Developmental medicine and child neurology》1959,1(7):49-53
Book reviewed in this article:
The School Health Service : S. Leff and Vera Leff.
Adolescence to Maturity : By V. C. Chamberlain.
Mental Retardation : Its Care, Treatment and Physiological Base. By Hans Mautner, M.D. 相似文献
The School Health Service : S. Leff and Vera Leff.
Adolescence to Maturity : By V. C. Chamberlain.
Mental Retardation : Its Care, Treatment and Physiological Base. By Hans Mautner, M.D. 相似文献
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《Developmental medicine and child neurology》1959,1(8):36-39
Book reviewed in this article:
The Borderland of Embryology and Pathology : R. A. Willis, D.SC., M.D., F.R.C.P.
Recent Advances in Paediatrics : Edited by Dr. Douglas Gairdner, F.R.C.P.
The History and Philosophy of Knowledge of the Brain and its Functions : Edited by Dr. F. N. L. Poynter, PH.D., F.L.A.
The Cranial Nerves : Alf Brodal, M.D.
The Birth of Normal Babies : Lyon P. Strean, PH.D., D.D.S. 相似文献
The Borderland of Embryology and Pathology : R. A. Willis, D.SC., M.D., F.R.C.P.
Recent Advances in Paediatrics : Edited by Dr. Douglas Gairdner, F.R.C.P.
The History and Philosophy of Knowledge of the Brain and its Functions : Edited by Dr. F. N. L. Poynter, PH.D., F.L.A.
The Cranial Nerves : Alf Brodal, M.D.
The Birth of Normal Babies : Lyon P. Strean, PH.D., D.D.S. 相似文献
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《Developmental medicine and child neurology》1958,1(2):32-36
Book reviewed in this article:
The Educability of Cerebral Palsied Children. M. I. Dunsdon.
The Infantile Cerebral Palsies. Eirene Collis, W. R. F. Collis, W. Dunham, L. T. Hilliard, D. Lawson. Foreword by Sir Francis Walshe.
A Psychological Study of a City's Cerebral Palsied Children. Ella B. Floyer, M.A., Dipl.Ed. Formerly Educational Psychologist, Liverpool Education Committee.
Cerebral Palsy. Advance in Understanding and Care. Viola E. Cardwell.
Management of the Handicapped Child. Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation. H. Michal-Smith. Foreword by Arnold Gesell.
The Young Handicapped Child. Educational Guidance for the Young. Blind, Cerebral Palsied and Deaf Child. Agatha H. Bowley, Ph.D., F.B.Psy.S. With a section on The Young Deaf Child by L. Gardner, B.Sc., D.Ed., D.Psy.
Educating Spastic Children. E. Eleanor Schonell, M.A., Ph.D. 相似文献
The Educability of Cerebral Palsied Children. M. I. Dunsdon.
The Infantile Cerebral Palsies. Eirene Collis, W. R. F. Collis, W. Dunham, L. T. Hilliard, D. Lawson. Foreword by Sir Francis Walshe.
A Psychological Study of a City's Cerebral Palsied Children. Ella B. Floyer, M.A., Dipl.Ed. Formerly Educational Psychologist, Liverpool Education Committee.
Cerebral Palsy. Advance in Understanding and Care. Viola E. Cardwell.
Management of the Handicapped Child. Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation. H. Michal-Smith. Foreword by Arnold Gesell.
The Young Handicapped Child. Educational Guidance for the Young. Blind, Cerebral Palsied and Deaf Child. Agatha H. Bowley, Ph.D., F.B.Psy.S. With a section on The Young Deaf Child by L. Gardner, B.Sc., D.Ed., D.Psy.
Educating Spastic Children. E. Eleanor Schonell, M.A., Ph.D. 相似文献
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The introduction of molecular genetics in medicine, specifically in the field of neuromuscular pathology, has created a drastic change in the diagnostic approach used for neuromuscular disorders. Diagnosis of muscle biopsy is based on important aspects such as morphology and histochemistry, but nowadays immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis of certain proteins is of utmost importance for a correct diagnosis in a large number of neuromuscular disorders and is crucial to direct the genetic study, which is also necessary. To date, more than 30 muscular dystrophy types have been genetically characterized, and the protein product is known in most of them as well as its structural location in the muscle fiber and its relation with other muscle proteins and the extracellular matrix. With the diagnostic specificity conferred by the absence of expression by a specific protein or a mutation of a specific gene, we have learned that similar clinical phenotype may occur in different diseases, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy and gamma-sarcoglycanopathy, but also that mutations in the same gene may cause different clinical phenotypes, as occurs in Miyoshi distal myopathy and limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2B, both caused by mutations in the dysferlin gene. Herein we describe the recommendable diagnostic methodology and strategy to be employed in the study of the large group of the , especially focused on the autosomal recessive dystrophies, taking the study of dystrophinopathies as an example. 相似文献
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《Developmental medicine and child neurology》1958,1(4):20-25
Book reviewed in this article:
Recent Advances In Cerebral Palsy. Edited by Prof. R. S. Illingworth, M.D., F.R.C.P. with a foreword by Prof. N. B. Capon, M.D., F.R.C.P.
Sauvegarde De L'Enfance. Nos. 1–4, 1957. 相似文献
Recent Advances In Cerebral Palsy. Edited by Prof. R. S. Illingworth, M.D., F.R.C.P. with a foreword by Prof. N. B. Capon, M.D., F.R.C.P.
Sauvegarde De L'Enfance. Nos. 1–4, 1957. 相似文献
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The availability of the second-generation therapies for relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS), natalizumab and fingolimod, provides new treatment options for MS but also presents new challenges. Both natalizumab and fingolimod appear to be more effective than the interferon beta products and glatiramer acetate, but both have more safety problems than do the first-generation therapies. Treatment with natalizumab is associated with a significant risk of patients developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), which the JC virus causes. We now are able to risk stratify MS patients into high- and low-risk groups for developing PML on the basis of the presence or absence of antibodies to the JC virus, history of prior use of immunosuppressants, and duration of therapy with natalizumab. Fingolimod appears to be associated with a risk of asystole and sudden death. It may also increase the risk of serious herpes infections and paradoxical activation of MS. More information is needed about these serious side effects from fingolimod to allow us to use it safely in patients. 相似文献
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