抗接触蛋白相关蛋白-2抗体相关自身免疫性脑炎8例临床分析北大核心CSCD

目的分析抗接触蛋白相关蛋白-2(contactin-associated protein-2,CASPR2)抗体相关自身免疫性脑炎的临床特点,为临床诊断提供相应的参考依据。方法总结8例抗CASPR2抗体相关脑炎患者的临床资料并进行分析。结果本组8例患者,男4例,女4例,中位年龄33岁,主要临床症状包括癫痫发作(4/8)、睡眠障碍(4/8)、自主神经功能障碍(3/8)、肌肉酸痛及不自主跳动(2/8)、精神行为异常(2/8)。入院时mRS评分中位值为3.50(2.25,4.00)分。所有患者行自身免疫脑炎抗体检测,8例患者血清抗CASPR2抗体均为阳性,脑脊液中均为阴性,部分患者还合并其他类型抗体阳性。8例患者均给予一线治疗,其中1例(1/8)联合二线治疗,出院时多数患者(7/8)症状较前减轻、mRS评分较入院mRS评分降低(P<0.05),出院时患者mRS评分中位值为2.00(1.00,2.75)分。分别于出院3个月至5年时间进行随访,3例(3/8)患者完全缓解,3例(3/8)患者部分症状仍存在,1例(1/8)失访,1例(1/8)死亡。多数患者随访mRS评分较出院mRS评分降低,随访时mRS评分中位值为0.00(0.00,2.00)分,二者有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论抗CASPR2抗体相关脑炎临床表现形式多样,临床常以周围神经高兴奋性、自主神经功能障碍、神经性疼痛、失眠为不同于其他类型脑炎的突出表现,血清抗体检测阳性率更高,合并其他类型自身抗体的患者往往病情更复杂。多数患者对一线免疫治疗敏感,远期预后较好。     

抗接触蛋白相关蛋白-2抗体相关自身免疫性脑炎5例临床分析

目的 探讨抗接触蛋白相关蛋白-2(CASPR2)抗体相关自身免疫性脑炎患者的临床特点、治疗及预后情况,以提高临床对该疾病的认识.方法 回顾性分析2018年10月至2020年4月郑州大学第一附属医院收治的5例抗CASPR2抗体相关脑炎患者的临床特点、治疗及预后.结果 5例患者中,男2例、女3例,年龄10～62岁,病程5～...     

抗谷氨酸脱羧酶65抗体相关自身免疫性脑炎的临床特点

目的 探讨抗谷氨酸脱羧酶-65(GAD65)抗体相关自身免疫性脑炎(AE)的临床特点。方法 回顾性分析4例抗GAD65抗体相关AE患者的临床资料。结果 4例患者男女比例为1∶1,发病年龄分别为43岁、26岁、43岁、15岁。4例患者均出现癫痫发作,首发症状为痫性发作3例,以记忆力下降1例。4例患者中,合并甲状腺功能亢进1例,合并桥本氏甲状腺炎1例,甲状腺相关抗体阳性3例。3例患者头颅MRI发现海马或颞叶异常信号,1例未见异常。腰穿CSF检查示压力升高2例,蛋白轻度升高2例,4例均以单个核细胞升高为主。2例患者发病初期出现不同程度EEG异常,表现为慢波增多,其中1例示癫痫样异常放电,并监测到临床发作数次。所有患者均接受糖皮质激素治疗,3例予免疫球蛋白治疗。出院后随访1～18个月,2例患者mRS评分0分,2例患者mRS评分1分。结论 抗GAD65抗体相关脑炎以新发痫性发作为主要临床症状,易出现头颅MRI边缘系统病灶及甲状腺相关抗体阳性,应积极行其他免疫性疾病及肿瘤筛查,免疫治疗对多数患者有效。     

接触蛋白相关性蛋白2抗体相关疾病睡眠障碍临床研究

目的对接触蛋白相关蛋白2(CASPR2)抗体相关神经系统疾病临床特点和伴发的睡眠障碍进行研究。方法回顾分析作者医院2014-12-2017-06期间确诊的CASPR2抗体阳性的患者9例,分析其临床、影像、多导睡眠监测、肌电图、脑脊液、血等检查的特点。结果 9例患者中7例临床表现具有典型的莫旺综合征,1例神经性肌强直,1例边缘性脑炎。所有患者均有失眠主诉,4例伴梦样异常行为,2例睡眠中肢体运动增多。9例患者中5例完成多导睡眠图(PSG)检查:4例莫旺综合征患者中2例完全没有睡眠;2例睡眠效率降低,睡眠结构紊乱,几乎没有典型的睡眠纺锤、顶部尖波,慢波睡眠消失,仅见片段REM睡眠插入到N1期,其中1例周期性肢体运动指数44.9次/h;1例神经性肌强直患者PSG可见睡眠效率42%。8例患者接受免疫治疗(人丙种球蛋白和/或糖皮质激素),其中7例患者神经系统症状包括睡眠障碍明显改善,1例治疗6个月后,病情难以控制,死于感染性休克;1例患者在入院第4天猝死,尚未进行免疫治疗。结论 CASPR2抗体相关神经系统疾病临床表现复杂多样,包括多种综合征如莫旺综合征,神经性肌强直和边缘性脑炎,严重失眠是其常见症状。早期诊断并及时进行免疫治疗,可明显改善预后。     

抗LGI1抗体脑炎和抗γ氨基丁酸-B受体脑炎的临床特点

目的对抗LGIl抗体脑炎与抗GABABR脑炎的临床特点进行比较和总结。方法选取郑州大学第一附属医院2015-06—2017-06收治的12例抗LGIl抗体脑炎和13例抗GABA-B受体脑炎患者,总结其临床表现、脑电图、实验室检查、影像学表现,并进行随访,观察预后,比较分析各自特点。结果抗LGIl抗体脑炎与抗GABABR脑炎均有智能下降、精神症状、癫痫发作的特点,对免疫治疗反应较好。抗LGIl抗体脑炎往往有FBDS,且伴有低钠血症及自主神经系统症状,总体预后抗GABAB R脑炎好;抗GABABR脑炎合并肿瘤者预后不佳,除免疫治疗外还应积极治疗肿瘤。结论两种自身免疫性脑炎均对免疫治疗反应较好,抗LGI1抗体脑炎预后优于抗GABABR脑炎,部分抗GABABR脑炎患者合并肿瘤,预后除免疫治疗外还取决于对肿瘤的治疗。     

抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体脑炎合并卵巢畸胎瘤3例分析

目的探讨抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)脑炎合并卵巢畸胎瘤的流行病学、发病机制、临床表现、辅助检查、治疗及预后,以提高对该类型脑炎合并畸胎瘤患者的认识。方法回顾性分析郑州大学人民医院收治的3例抗NMDAR脑炎合并卵巢畸胎瘤患者的临床特点。结果 3例患者均有前驱症状,且临床过程中均出现精神行为异常、癫痫发作、低通气、不自主运动及自主神经系统功能异常。2例出现记忆力下降,另外1例正常。3例均接受畸胎瘤切除手术,术后病理均提示成熟型畸胎瘤。3例血清及脑脊液抗NMDAR抗体均呈阳性,随访3~12个月,1例遗留记忆力减退及反应迟钝,2例完全恢复正常,3例均未出现症状及肿瘤复发。结论合并畸胎瘤的抗NMDAR脑炎患者,早期给予畸胎瘤切除术并联合免疫治疗,预后良好。     

抗LGI1抗体相关脑炎患者的临床、脑电图及影像学特点

目的 探讨抗富亮氨酸胶质瘤失活蛋白1(LGI1)抗体相关脑炎患者的临床、脑电图及影像学特点,为临床诊断治疗提供参考。方法 选取2020年6月至2022年4月江苏省苏北人民医院神经内科收治的10例抗LGI1抗体相关脑炎患者,总结其临床表现、脑电图、影像学特点、治疗及预后。结果 10例抗LGI1抗体相关脑炎患者表现为近记忆障碍4例、精神行为异常2例、面-臂肌张力障碍(FBDS)3例、全面性强直阵挛发作4例,局灶性发作5例。脑电图异常6例,主要为癫痫样放电、弥漫性及阵发性慢波。头颅MRI异常4例,主要累及海马、颞叶或基底节区。头颅动脉自旋标记(ASL)异常6例,主要为海马、颞叶或全脑灌注增高。所有患者均接受免疫治疗,其中9例行抗癫痫发作治疗。除1例患者拒绝后续治疗后死亡,9例预后良好。结论 抗LGI1抗体相关脑炎的临床表现为癫痫发作、FBDS、近记忆障碍、精神行为异常及低钠血症等,可伴甲状腺功能抗体升高,很少合并肿瘤,易出现颞叶及海马等局灶性影像学以及脑电图异常,免疫治疗疗效较好。     

重症抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体脑炎的临床特点及预后分析

目的探讨重症抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)脑炎的临床特点及预后。方法回顾性分析9例重症抗NMDAR脑炎患者的临床资料。结果 9例患者(女7例,男2例)均入住ICU治疗;平均发病年龄27.7岁;平均病程22.4 d,ICU平均住院时间50.9 d。主要临床表现有发热(7例)、精神行为异常(9例)、癫痫发作(9例)、意识障碍(8例)、运动功能异常(7例)、自主神经功能障碍(9例)及低通气(6例)。3例合并畸胎瘤。所有患者CSF抗NMDAR抗体均阳性,6例血清抗NMDAR抗体阳性,7例CSF-Ig A升高。3例患者头颅MRI示颞叶或海马异常信号。5例患者EEG示异常慢波。9例患者接受糖皮质激素、丙种球蛋白或血浆置换等免疫调节治疗。5例患者完全恢复,4例患者症状改善伴残留症状。结论重症抗NMDAR脑炎常表现为进展迅速的精神行为改变、癫痫等症状,还有意识障碍、运动障碍、自主神经功能障碍,合并肿瘤并不多见。多数重症抗NMDAR脑炎患者积极免疫治疗预后较好。     

以共济失调起病的抗NMDA R脑炎的临床特征

目的探讨以共济失调起病的抗NMDA R脑炎(抗N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸受体脑炎)的临床特征。方法报道2例以共济失调起病抗NMDA R脑炎患者的临床资料并复习相关文献。结果 2例患者主要表现为进行性共济失调症状,经脑脊液及血清检测出NMDA R抗体,确诊为抗NMDA R脑炎。1例患者未经免疫治疗但恢复效果良好,1例患者经最初免疫治疗但效果欠佳。结论抗NMDA R脑炎表现形式多样化,主要表现为癫痫、精神症状、意识障碍、口-面-舌的异常运动等,以共济失调形式起病少见,血清及脑脊液NMDA R抗体检测阳性可确诊,治疗预后与患者是否合并免疫相关性疾病及肿瘤可能有一定相关性,轻型的抗NMDA R脑炎是否存在自限性仍需进一步研究。     

多重抗神经元抗体阳性的神经系统副肿瘤综合征临床分析

目的探讨神经系统副肿瘤综合征患者出现多重抗神经元抗体的临床特征及潜在意义。方法检索2015年7月至2019年12月至宣武医院住院治疗并诊断为"神经系统副肿瘤综合征""癌性副肿瘤综合征""副肿瘤相关性周围神经病""边缘性脑炎"及"自身免疫性脑炎"的患者,筛选出两种或两种以上抗神经元抗体均为阳性的患者。结果在134例符合诊断的患者中,6例存在多重抗神经元抗体,包括抗Amphiphysin抗体合并抗γ-氨基丁酸受体B型(GABA_BR)抗体阳性2例[其中1例抗Hu抗体及抗谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD65)抗体亦呈阳性],以及抗SOX1抗体合并抗Titin抗体阳性、抗Yo抗体合并抗富亮氨酸胶质瘤失活蛋白1(LGI1)抗体阳性、抗接触蛋白相关蛋白2(CASPR2)抗体合并抗LGI1抗体阳性和抗Hu抗体合并抗Ri抗体阳性各1例。6例患者临床表现均符合副肿瘤综合征,4例为周围神经病或肌肉接头病(其中2例合并边缘性脑炎,1例合并亚急性小脑变性),另2例单纯表现为边缘性脑炎;2例对免疫治疗有效;3例明确诊断癌症,分别为乳腺癌、胆管癌、小细胞肺癌。结论多重抗神经元抗体的存在,可导致患者的临床表现复杂多样,免疫治疗可能有效。存在某种抗神经元抗体的患者即使无相应神经综合征,该抗体亦对恶性肿瘤有提示意义。     

A case of multiple sclerosis associated with myelin associated glycoprotein neuropathy]

A 28-year-old woman had developed chronic, recurrent, visual disturbance (bilateral), and girdle sensation at Th 5-6. She was admitted to our hospital because of left visual disturbance, distal limb weakness on right side, and numbness of four extremities. The neurological examination revealed decreased visual acuity of the left eye with abnormality of the optic disk, moderate muscle weakness of the right upper and lower extremities, absent tendon reflexes and paresthesia on distal portions of the four limbs. Laboratory examinations disclosed the titration of anti-myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG) antibody (IgM) and CSF protein was elevated (104 mg/dl). Motor nerve conduction studies revealed conduction block in more than one nerve. The conduction velocities in the upper and lower extremities were all diminished. P100 latency was prolonged by flash visual evoked potential (VEP) studies. N13-N20 interpeak latency of somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) of median nerve was also prolonged. She was treated with steroid pulse therapy, followed by an oral dose of 30 mg/day of prednisolone. Her symptoms resolved completely three months later, and multifocal conduction block subsided on electrophysiological study. There are some cases of multiple sclerosis with multifocal conduction block, but such a case is very rare in Japan. We discussed the pathogenic mechanisms of these conditions, and we conclude that we must take notice of demyelinating neuropathy in multiple sclerosis and that nerve conduction studies are useful for detecting them.     

Over-shunting associated myelopathy

Intracranial hypotension typically presents following cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, but can be induced by CSF diversion. Classically, patients present with positional headache, but less common symptoms include neck pain and cranial nerve palsies. To our knowledge, the neurosurgical literature contains six reports of patients with symptomatic cervical, epidural venous plexus engorgement as the result of CSF shunting. The patient presented herein is a 26-year-old woman with shunt-dependent, congenital hydrocephalus. She presented with rapidly progressive cervical myelopathy following ventriculoperitoneal shunt revision. Imaging revealed engorgement of the cervical epidural venous plexus and mass effect on the cervical spinal cord. “Over-shunting associated myelopathy” is a rare complication of CSF diversion that should be familiar to physicians who routinely evaluate patients with intracranial shunts.     

Sepsis associated encephalopathy

INTRODUCTION: Alteration of sensorium or an encephalopathy is a common diagnostic dilemma in critically ill patients and can be caused by a number of conditions. Sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE) is now the most common encephalopathy encountered among intensive care unit (ICU) patients. DEFINITIONS: SAE is an encephalopathy attributed primarily to sepsis or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and has often been a diagnosis of exclusion. CONCLUSION: It is important to recognize SAE for its therapeutic and prognostic aspects. SAE worsens morbidity and mortality among ICU patients. Most therapeutic options center around aggressive treatment of the underlying infection.     

Sepsis associated encephalopathy

The sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common cause of delirium, accompanied by hyperthermia or not. It is defined as a diffuse cerebral dysfunction induced by the systemic response to the infection without clinical or laboratory evidence of direct infectious involvement of the central nervous system. It is, thus, a diagnosis of exclusion. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying SAE are now better understood: it involves, at least, an intense inflammation of the central nervous system and a major impairment of the blood brain barrier. At the present time, clinical, biological and radiological characteristics of SAE have been sufficiently described to ensure rapid identification, but prognosis remains severe. Proper management requires treatment as early as possible of the infectious site and accompanying systemic inflammatory response. When appropriately conducted, minimal consequences or complete recovery can be expected.     

大脑中动脉动脉瘤破裂合并巨大血肿的外科治疗

目的 探讨大脑中动脉动脉瘤破裂合并颅内巨大血肿的外科治疗策略和经验.方法 15例大脑中动脉动脉瘤破裂合并巨大颅内血肿的患者,男6例,女9例,年龄17 ～65岁(平均45岁),13例造影共计14个动脉瘤,1例合并后交通动脉动脉瘤.颅内血肿量25 ～ 60 ml,按术前Hunt - Hess分级:Ⅲ级3例,Ⅳ级11例,Ⅴ级1例.术前4例患者出现单侧瞳孔散大,1例发生双侧瞳孔散大,所有患者给予急诊手术治疗.结果 15例患者中,11例急诊行额颞开颅,血肿清除+动脉瘤夹闭术,其中7例患者去除骨瓣;3例患者急诊造影时直接行介入栓塞,然后行小骨窗开颅;1例外院行开颅血肿清除术,转入我院造影后直接行介入治疗.随访14例,随访时间6 - 48个月.GOS预后评分显示可正常生活或工作,恢复良好7例;中度致残,生活自理4例;遗留偏瘫,但生活可基本自理,重度致残2例;生活不能自理,死亡2例.结论 早期手术清除血肿,夹闭动脉瘤,去骨瓣减压有助于术后神经功能恢复.术前Hunt - Hess分级较轻,年龄大,动脉瘤窄颈,行动脉瘤栓塞+小骨窗开颅,血肿清除术是一种治疗选择.     

Personality traits associated with panic disorder: change associated with treatment

Eighty-two subjects with panic disorder completed the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ) before treatment and again after a period of relatively stable improvement 3 years later. At baseline, panic subjects scored higher than normal control subjects, who had been matched for age and sex, on avoidant, dependent, histrionic, and paranoid personality subscales. Improvement in panic symptoms after 3 years was associated with reductions in these same subscale scores. Examination of individual items that distinguished panic from normal subjects showed themes of dependency, lack of self-confidence, emotional instability, and sensitivity to criticism that reflected demoralization in the panic disorder subjects. To a large extent, the findings reveal nonspecific, state-dependent effects of panic and agoraphobic symptoms on the personality functioning and morale of patients with panic disorder.