甲基苯丙胺诱导的斑马鱼位置偏爱模型研究

目的 建立甲基苯丙胺诱导的斑马鱼条件性位置偏爱模型.方法 根据药物依赖实验研究中的条件性位置偏爱(CPP)原理,设计斑马鱼位置偏爱箱.根据斑马鱼的天然位置偏爱特性,决定其偏爱侧与非偏爱侧.模型组斑马鱼腹腔注射甲基苯丙胺后,放于非偏爱一侧(伴药箱);注射生理盐水后,放于偏爱一侧(非伴药箱),共训练5d,观察甲基苯丙胺诱导的斑马鱼位置偏爱效应.结果 空白对照组造模前后斑马鱼在伴药箱的活动时间无明显变化[分别为(287.5 ±80.18)s,(276.3±85.04)s],差异无显著性(P＞0.05).模型组经5d训练,斑马鱼在伴药箱的活动时间明显延长[(465.5±113.49)s],与造模前[ (247.9±95.62)s]相比,差异有显著性(P＜0.01);与空白对照组[(276.3±85.04)s]相比,差异也有显著性(P＜0.01).结论 甲基苯丙胺能诱导斑马鱼形成条件性位置偏爱效应,本实验建立的斑马鱼位置偏爱模型可作为一种新的药物依赖动物模型.     

钩藤碱对甲基苯丙胺条件性位置偏爱大鼠AMPA受体蛋白改变的影响

目的 观察甲基苯丙胺成瘾大鼠伏隔核及下丘脑中AMPA受体表达的改变及钩藤碱对其的干预作用.方法 SPF级雄性SD大鼠分为空白对照组、甲基苯丙胺模型组、钩藤碱低剂量组及钩藤碱高剂量组,每组8只.采用条件性位置偏爱(CPP)实验建立甲基苯丙胺成瘾大鼠模型,采用蛋白免疫印迹(Western blotting)方法观察大鼠伏隔核及下丘脑中GluR2/3亚基表达的改变.各组大鼠在伴药箱中的停留时间采用独立样本t检验,蛋白条带光密度分析采用单因素方差分析.结果 与空白对照组[给药后伴药箱中停留时间为(383.00±38.20)s]比较,甲基苯丙胺能引起大鼠位置偏爱[给药后伴药箱中停留时间为(536.20±57.49)s],低剂量(30mg/kg)及高剂量(60mg/kg)钩藤碱[给药后伴药箱中停留时间分别为(299.80±15.96)s、(189.40±59.02)s]均能消除甲基苯丙胺诱导的大鼠位置偏爱.与空白对照组[平均灰度值的比值分别为(0.54±0.04)INT·mm~2、(0.70±0.04)INT·mm~2]比较,甲基苯丙胺模型组[平均灰度值的比值为(0.89±0.03)INT·mm~2]及钩藤碱低剂量组[平均灰度值的比值为(0.93±0.03)INT·mm~2]大鼠伏隔核内GluR2/3亚基蛋白表达显著上调(P<0.01),下丘脑内GluR2/3亚基蛋白[平均灰度值的比值分别为(0.53±0.03)INT·mm~2、(0.52±0.04)INT·mm~2]表达则显著下调(P<0.01).钩藤碱高剂量组大鼠伏隔核及下丘脑内GluR2/3亚基蛋白[平均灰度值的比值分别为(0.57±0.06)INT·mm~2、(0.65±0.01)INT·mm~2]表达与空白对照组无差异(P>0.05).结论 甲基苯丙胺CPP大鼠伏隔核内GluR2/3亚基蛋白表达蹭多,下丘脑内CluR2/3亚基蛋白表达减低,高剂量钩藤喊可将上述改变恢复至正常水平.     

吗啡依赖大鼠海马CA1区突触界面结构变化的易感性差异

目的 通过研究高、低吗啡条件性位置偏爱(conditioned place preference,CPP)大鼠海马CA1区突触界面结构参数的变化,为吗啡依赖易感性差异提供形态学依据.方法 将雄性SD大鼠随机分为实验组(130只)和生理盐水对照组(30只).实验组按剂量递增法腹腔注射吗啡建立吗啡依赖模型.分别对2组大鼠进行CPP训练和测评,根据测评值将实验组大鼠再次分为高、中、低偏爱组,中偏爱组淘汰.于末次吗啡注射后3h、戒断后3d和14d将高、低偏爱组和对照组各选取8只大鼠处死,取海马CAI区按照标准程序制成电镜样本,电镜观察摄像,图像分析软件分析测量突触界面结构参数.结果 ①预测试时3组大鼠CPP值之间的差异无显著性(F=0.78,P=0.47);处理因素终止后3h、3d、14d 3组大鼠CPP值差异有极显著性(P<0.01);两两比较显示高偏爱组CPP值高于低偏爱组,差异有极显著性(P<0.01).②在3h和3d时,3组大鼠PSD厚度(突触后致密物质厚度)、突触间隙宽度差异有极显著性(P=0.01～0.03),并且高偏爱组的PSD厚度[(15.20±3.65)nm]小于低偏爱组[(17.63±6.61)nm],差异具有显著性(P<0.05);高偏爱组间隙宽度[(5.77±2.08)nm]大于低偏爱组[(4.92±1.65)nm],差异具有显著性(P<0.05);在14d时,3组大鼠PSD厚度差异有极显著性(P=0.00),并且高偏爱组的PSD厚度[(16.22±4.93)nm]小于低偏爱组[(18.42±3.78)nm],差异具有显著性(P<0.01).结论 高偏爱组大鼠海马CA1区突触间隙宽度的测量值大于低偏爱组,PSD厚度的测量值小于低偏爱组,上述变化可能是吗啡依赖易感性差异的突触界面结构基础.     

海洛因成瘾易感性的前额叶皮质多巴胺D2受体及多巴胺转运体机制

目的 建立大鼠海洛因成瘾易感性差异模型,探讨其可能的前额叶皮质D2受体(D2R)及多巴胺转运体(DAT)机制.方法 130只雄性SD大鼠随机抽取30只为生理盐水对照组(SC),其余100只大鼠为海洛因处理组,根据海洛因诱导的CPP强度不同再分为高CPP组(HP)和低CPP组(LP),利用免疫组化方法对高、低偏爱组及生理盐水对照组大鼠末次海洛因注射后30min、戒断第1,3,7,14天PFC区D2R和DAT蛋白表达进行动态检测.结果 ①高、低偏爱组和对照组之间D2R蛋白灰度值在成瘾期[(149.33±2.51),(135.83±1.78),(99.33±2.84)]及戒断第1[(141.83±2.50),(131.67±1.87),(99.17±3.61)]、3[(132.83±2.40),(122.00±2.67),(100.33±4.26)]、7[(125.67±2.22),(113.17±2.81),(98.33±3.25)]、14天[(116.86±1.94),(108.63±2.31),(98.17±3.82)]的差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为114.59,65.45,26.50,31.88,11.33,P＜0.05),两两比较显示,在各检测时点高、低CPP组均高于对照组(P＜0.05),而高CPP组均高于低CPP组(P＜0.05);②高、低偏爱组和对照组之间前额叶皮质DAT蛋白灰度值在成瘾期及戒断第1,3天的差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为89.17,34.68,12.03,P＜0.05),两两比较显示,高、低CPP组均高于对照组(P＜0.05),至戒断第7天和戒断第14天3组间的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);高、低偏爱组之间在所有检测时点DAT蛋白灰度值差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 海洛因慢性处理后,大鼠PFC区D2R和DAT均出现适应性下调;PFC区低D2R可能与海洛因成瘾的高易感性与有关;海洛因成瘾易感性与PFC区DAT的表达可能没有直接的相关性.     

吗啡条件性位置偏爱易感性差异的内侧前额皮质多巴胺D2受体和多巴胺转运体机制

目的 通过研究高低吗啡条件性位置偏爱(CPP)易感性大鼠内侧前额皮质区(mPFC)的多巴胺D2受体(D2R)和多巴胺转运体(DAT)表达差异,以探讨吗啡精神依赖易感性差异的D2R和DAT机制.方法 160只雄性大鼠随机分为实验组130只和对照组30只.建立大鼠吗啡CPP动物模型,根据吗啡处理后CPP值将大鼠分为高、中、低偏爱组.其中高、低偏爱组大鼠进入以下研究.分别于末次注射后3h,72h和第14天各处死高偏爱组、低偏爱组和对照组各8只,利用组织原位杂交技术检测mPFC脑区D2RmRNA和DAT mRNA的表达.结果 ①高偏爱组、低偏爱组和对照组的CPP预测试值差异无显著性(P＞0.05);CPP训练后,末次注射后3h、72h和第14天,高偏爱组的CPP值与预测试的差值均高于低偏爱组(P＜0.01).②mPFC的D2R mRNA灰度值:末次用药后3 h、72h和第14天,高偏爱组[(125.43±2.90)～(142.92±3.32)]、低偏爱组[(122.25±2.20)～(136.67±5.39)],两两比较高偏爱组的D2R mRNA灰度值均高于低偏爱组(P＜0.01);③DAT mRNA灰度值:末次注射后3h,高偏爱组灰度值(157.00±3.55)高于低偏爱组(150.69±3.12),差异有显著性(t=7.564,P:0.000);在末次注射后72 h,高偏爱组灰度值(145.15±3.69)高于低偏爱组灰度值(138.84±3.99),差异有显著性(P＜0.01);在末次注射后第14天,高偏爱组、低偏爱组及对照组的mPFC区DAT mRNA灰度值差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论 mPFC的D2R mRNA表达低下可能与吗啡高易感性有关;mPFC的DAT mRNA表达低下可能与吗啡高易感性有关.     

不同应激方式引发的抑郁大鼠行为特征比较

目的 了解经历不同类型的应激后大鼠抑郁样行为的差异.方法 将新生的SD大鼠随机分为母爱剥夺应激组(27只)、慢性温和应激组(29只)、双重应激组(31只)和正常对照组(30只).母爱剥夺组大鼠于出生后即接受母爱剥夺应激,慢性温和应激组大鼠在成年后接受慢性温和应激,双重应激组大鼠先接受母爱剥夺应激,成年后再接受慢性温和应激,对照组不接受任何实验处理.采用强迫游泳实验和糖水偏爱实验作为评估大鼠抑郁样行为的指标.结果 在强迫游泳实验中,母爱剥夺组[( 119.30±65.56)s]、慢性温和应激组[(145.00±80.24)s]及双重应激组[(170.03±61.75)s]大鼠静止漂浮时间长于对照组[(81.14±52.40)s,F=11.53,P＜0.01],其中双重应激组长于母爱剥夺应激组(P＜0.01),慢性应激组和双重应激组、母爱剥夺组大鼠差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.01);在糖水偏爱实验中,慢性温和应激组[(0.43±0.28)]、双重应激组[(0.50±0.26)]和对照组[ (0.54±0.28)]大鼠的糖水偏爱率差异有统计学意义(F=4.33,P＞0.01),母爱剥夺组[(0.32±0.22)]的糖水偏爱率低于对照组和双重应激组(均P＜0.05);雌、雄大鼠的静止漂浮时间和糖水偏爱率在不同应激方式下的差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).结论 3种应激方式均可导致大鼠表现出某种抑郁样行为.不同应激方式所致的抑郁样行为在不同性别的大鼠间无差异.     

环境激发吗啡条件性位置偏爱重现大鼠海马内脑源性神经营养因子及c-fos的表达

目的:观察吗啡条件性位置偏爱(CPP)重现大鼠海马内脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)及即早基因c-fos的表达.探讨BDNF和c-fos对吗啡成瘾记忆的影响.方法:雄性SD大鼠36只,随机分为吗啡CPP激发组(MR组)、吗啡CPP消退组(ME组)及生理盐水对照组(NS组),每组12只.实验1～7天,MR组、ME组采用CPP实验,建立大鼠码啡精神依赖动物模型,实验第8天进行训红后CPP测试,给予7d消退期,实验第16天进行消退后测试,实验第17天对MR组大鼠进行环境激发,第18天进行激发后CPP测试.记录CPP实验过程中15min内伴药箱停留时间;激发后CPP测试完毕后,应用免疫组化方法测定大鼠海马内BDNF和c-foc的表达.结果:3组不同时间点大鼠伴药箱停留时间差异有统计学意义(F时间=5076,P=0.007;F组别=4.07,P=0.028).MR组大鼠海马中BDNF、c-fos的阳性细胞数及平均光密度均高于NS组和ME组(P均<0.01).结论:BDNF、c-fos可能通过成瘾记忆的形成,参与环境激发的大鼠吗啡CPP重现.     

创伤后应激障碍样大鼠酒精条件性位置偏爱获得与多巴胺D1受体的研究

目的 探讨创伤后应激障碍(Post-traumatic stress disorder,PTSD)对酒精条件性位置偏爱(conditioned place preference,CPP)获得的易化作用及其多巴胺机制.方法 Sprague-Dawley (SD)雄性大鼠40只分为PTSD+酒精(PE)组、正常对照+酒精(CE)组、PTSD+生理盐水(PS)组和正常对照+生理盐水(CS)组,每组大鼠进行CPP训练,酒精组给予腹腔注射20％酒精2/kg,生理盐水组给予相同体积的生理盐水.PTSD动物模型建立采用单一持续性刺激(SPS)方式,通过僵立反应和高架十字迷宫分别测试SPS24h、7d的恐惧记忆及焦虑行为,在SPS 7 d检测训练后CPP值,并用免疫组织化学方法测定大鼠杏仁核区域多巴胺D1受体的表达.结果 与正常对照组比较,仅在SPS 7d时PTSD组大鼠僵立时间显著延长[(89.13±8.60)s,(22.25±5.85)s,q=8.77,P＜0.01];以及进入开放臂次数、时间明显降低[(4.25±1.26)次,(14.38±2.18)次,(12.38±3.30)s,(40.38±7.29)s,q分别为4.74和4.08,均P＜0.01];CPP测试中PE组训练后CPP值明显高于训练前,差异有统计学意义(q=31.81,P＜0.01),其余CE、PS及CS组训练前后CPP值均差异无统计学意义(q分别为1.53,0.01,0.27,P＞0.05);PE组训练后的CPP值明显高于CS组、CE组和PS组(q分别为-38.32,-22.21,-33.38,P＜0.05).SPS 7d 4组大鼠杏仁核区域多巴胺D1受体阳性细胞数免疫组化评分差异无统计学意义(F=0.07,P＞0.05).结论 PTSD样大鼠易于形成酒精条件性位置偏爱,可能与杏仁核多巴胺D1受体数量变化无关.     

SD大鼠吗啡条件性位置偏爱易感性差异的内侧前额皮质多巴胺D2受体和多巴胺转运体机制

目的:通过研究高低吗啡条件性位置偏爱(conditioned place preference,CPP)易感性大鼠内侧前额皮质区(mPFC)的多巴胺D2受体和多巴胺转运体差异,以探讨吗啡精神依赖易感性差异的多巴胺D2受体和多巴胺转运体机制.方法:160只雄性大鼠随机分为实验组(n=130)和对照组(n=30).建立大鼠吗啡CPP动物模型,根据吗啡处理后CPP值将大鼠分为高、中、低偏爱组.其中高、低偏爱组大鼠进入以下研究.分另q于末次注射后3 h,72 h和第14天处死高偏爱组、低偏爱组和对照组各8只大鼠,利用组织原位杂交技术检测mPFC脑区多巴胺D2受体(dopamine D2 recepter,D2R)mRNA和多巴胺转运体(dopamine transporter,DAT)mRNA的表达.结果:高偏爱组、低偏爱组和对照组的CPP预测试值无统计学差异(P=0.470);CPP训练后,末次注射后3 h、末次注射后72 h和第14天,高偏爱组的CPP值与预测试值的差值均高于低偏爱组(P=0.000).mPFC的D2R mRNA灰度值:末次用药后3 h,72 h和第14天,高偏爱组(125.43±2.90～142.92±3.32)均高于低偏爱组(122.25±2.20～136.67 ±5.39)(P=0.000).DAT mRNA灰度值:末次注射后3 h,高偏爱组(157.00±3.55)高于低偏爱组(150.69±3.12)(P=0.000);在末次注射后72 h,高偏爱组(145.15±3.69)高于低偏爱组(138.84±3.99)(P=0.000);在末次注射后第14天,高偏爱组、低偏爱组及对照组的mPFC区DATmRNA灰度值无统计学差异(P=0.458).结论:mPFC的D2R mRNA和DAT mRNA低表达可能与吗啡高易感性有关.     

拮抗基底外侧杏仁核D1受体对奖赏记忆巩固的影响

目的 实验选用条件性位置偏爱(CPP)作为记忆模型,考察基底外侧杏仁核的多巴胺受体在吗啡诱导的奖赏记忆巩固中的作用.方法 雄性SD大鼠皮下注射5 mg·kg-1的吗啡后,和环境线索匹配3次建立CPP模型,在每次吗啡训练后,向基底外侧杏仁核立即注射D1受体拮抗剂SCH23390(0 μg、0.2 μg、2 μg),或者训练后2h注射SCH23390 (2 μg).结果 训练后立即注射SCH23390会干扰吗啡CPP记忆的巩固[(143±29)s:(37±27)s,P ＜0.05],训练后延迟2 h注射则不影响吗啡相关记忆的巩固[(37±27)s:(137±22)s,P ＜0.05],且SCH23390本身不产生条件性位置偏爱或厌恶效应(F(2,36)=0.37,P ＞0.05).结论 基底外侧杏仁核参与吗啡诱导的条件性趋近行为,多巴胺D1受体在记忆巩固中有重要作用.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.