人核糖体蛋白S13(RPS13)编码基因的克隆及其正反义核酸转染胃癌细胞的初步研究

目的：扩增人核糖体蛋白S13（RPS13）编码基因序列，构建其正，反义真核表达载体，分别转染胃癌细胞SGC7901及胃癌耐药细胞SGC7901/VCR，以进一步研究RPS13基因与胃癌多药耐药的关系。方法：采用RT-PCR法扩增RPS13cDNA片段编码区全长序列，利用DNA重组技术的建正，反义真核表达载体，经脂质体介导转染胃癌细胞SGC7901及胃癌耐药细胞SGC7901/VCR，筛选正，反义基因稳定转染细胞，RNA斑点杂交法检测正，反义稳定转染细胞mRNA水平的变化。结果：从高表达RPS13的SGC7901/VCR耐药细胞中提取细胞总RNA，RT-PCR法成功扩增了RPS13cDNA片段编码区全长序列，并经测序证实；目的基因因按正，反两个方向亚克隆至真核表达载体pcDNA3.1( ),并经酶切鉴定证实；经脂质体介导将正义真核表达载体转染SGC7901细胞，反义真核表达载体转染SGC7901/VCR细胞，G418筛选获得稳定转染细胞；RNA斑点杂交试验证实；正义稳定转染细胞RPS13mRNA水平上调，反义稳定转染细胞RPS13mRNA水平下调。结论：成功克隆了人RPS13编码基因序列，并构建了其正，反义真核表达载体，在胃癌细胞系SGC7901及长春新碱耐药细胞SGC7901/VCR中得到稳定转染细胞，正义转染细胞中RPS13mRNA表达明显增加，反义转染细胞中表达明显受抑。     

Af116609基因对胃癌细胞系SGC7901/VCR耐药性的影响

目的 研究Af116609基因转染胃癌耐药细胞系SGC7901／VCR后,对胃癌细胞耐药性的影响。方法 采用RT-PCR法克隆Af116609基因,用Northern blot检测其差异表达,以基因转染技术调节其表达,通过体外药敏实验观察其对胃癌耐药表型的影响。结果 从胃癌耐药细胞SGC7901／VCR中克隆到Af116609基因的CDS序列327bp,该序列与GenBank登录的一致。Northern blot结果显示,该基因在耐药细胞高表达。体外药敏实验发现,转染正义真核表达载体的药敏细胞中该基因上调,对长春新碱、5-氟脲嘧啶和阿糖胞苷的耐药性增加,而对阿霉素的抗性有损害,对氨甲喋呤的抗性无明显影响;转染反义真核表达载体的耐药细胞中该基因下调,对上述5种药物的抗性均减弱。结论 Af116609基因与胃癌MDR表型相关,可作为逆转胃癌MDR的候选靶分子。     

下调RPL23对胃癌耐药细胞SGC7901/ADR药物敏感性的影响

目的:检测人胃癌细胞系SGC7901及其阿霉素（ADR）耐药细胞系SGC7901/ADR中RPL23的表达差异,探讨胃癌细胞中RPL23表达对ADR耐药的影响。方法:qPCR检测RPL23在SGC7901/ADR与SGC7901两种细胞系中的表达差异;MTT法检测下调RPL23后SGC7901/ADR细胞对ADR的敏感性;流式细胞仪检测下调RPL23后对细胞凋亡的影响;Western Blot检测凋亡相关分子Bcl-2和Caspase-3蛋白的表达。结果:qPCR结果显示,RPL23在 SGC7901/ADR细胞系中的表达高于其在SGC7901细胞系中的表达(P＜0.001)。MTT法结果显示,下调RPL23后,在SGC7901/ADR细胞系中ADR的IC50明显升高(P＜0.001)。凋亡检测结果显示,下调RPL23后,SGC7901/ADR细胞凋亡率明显增加(P＜0.001)。Western Blot结果显示,下调RPL23后,细胞中Caspase-3表达明显升高,Bcl-2表达明显降低。结论:RPL23在SGC7901/ADR中的表达高于SGC7901细胞,下调RPL23表达可提高其对ADR的敏感性并促进细胞凋亡,提示RPL23可能通过作用于Bcl-2调节细胞凋亡。     

CacyBP编码基因对胃癌细胞多药耐药性形成的影响

目的：探讨CacyBP在胃癌多药耐药机制中的作用。方法;构建CacyBP正义核酸真核表达载体pcDNA3.1/hCacyBP ,以脂质体将其导入胃癌药敏细胞SGC7901,以RT－PCR检测hGacyBP mRNA水平的变化。以MTT检测SGC7901及转染细胞对ADR的药物敏感性;以流式细胞仪（FCM）检测SGC7901及转染细胞内ADR的蓄积浓度及细胞周期。结果：转染pcDNA3.1CacyBP 的SGC7901,其hCacyBP mRNA表达水平显著高于空载体转染及未转染之SGC7901,且细胞生存率亦有所增高,未转染之SGC7901及分别转染空载体或pcDNA3.1/hCacyBP 之SGC7901细胞,平均ADR蓄积浓度分别为5．64,5．49和5．17。与未转染之SGC7901相比,转染pcDNA3.1/hCacyBP 和空载体的SGC7901细胞G1期减少G2期及S期增高,结论：CacyBP在胃癌MDR机制中可能有一定作用。     

胃癌耐药细胞多药耐药基因表达上调中AP-1作用的研究

目的：探讨人胃腺癌阿霉素耐药细胞系SGC7901／ADR中多药耐药（multi drug resistance，MDR）产生机制，为胃癌多药耐药机制的研究提供新靶点。方法：采用MTT法测定3种常用化疗药物顺铂、表柔比星、5-氟尿嘧啶在人胃癌细胞系SGC7901及其阿霉素耐药细胞系SGC7901／ADR中的作用；应用反转录聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）技术检测SGC7901和SGC7901／ADR中mdr1、c—Jun的mRNA表达情况；转录因子AP-1分别转染入SGC7901和SGC7901／ADR中，应用双荧光素报告基因检测系统（Dual—Lucikrase reporter assay system）检测其活性；Westem Blot法检测P-gp、c-Jun在蛋白水平的表达。结果：SGC7901与SGC7901／ADR在化疗药物顺铂、表柔比星、5-氟尿嘧啶的不同浓度下作用72小时后，发现SGC7901／ADR中细胞的生存率无明显改变，而SGC7901的生存率却有显著的下降趋势；在mRNA水平对mdrl基因进行检测，SGC7901／ADR中的多药耐药基因的表达显著高于SGC7901，而P-gp在蛋白水平的检测中显示SGC7901／ADR相对与SGC7901，表达活性有明显升高；转录因子AP-1的表达分别在SGC7901及SGC7901／ADR中检测到．但SGC7901／ADR中AP-1的活性明显高于SGC7901；AP-1的主要组成成份c—Jun在SGC7901和SGC7901／ADR做mRNA及蛋白水平的检测，结果显示在SGC7901中禾发现c-Jun的明显表达，而SGC7901／ADR中c—Jun的表达活性均显著升高。结论：在人胃腺癌阿霉素耐药细胞系SGC7901／ADR中有MDR的产生，同时伴多药耐药基因上调；转录因子AP—1的活性表达与胃癌细胞的多药耐药性密切相关，AP—1的表达高低可能是其形成机制之一。     

Ro60在耐药胃癌细胞系SGC7901/ADR中的克隆及表达

目的:在耐药胃癌细胞系SGC7901/ADR中对Ro60进行克隆,对Ro60在耐药胃癌细胞系SGC7901/ADR和药敏胃癌细胞系SGC7901中的表达情况进行比较分析。方法:应用RT-PCR法克隆Ro60的编码基因,通过DNA序列测定对所克隆的基因进行验证。应用半定量RT-PCR法检测Ro60在耐药胃癌细胞系SGC7901/ADR和药敏胃癌细胞系SGC7901中的表达情况。结果:在耐药胃癌细胞系SGC7901/ADR中,成功克隆了Ro60的编码基因,其DNA序列与Ro60的cDNA序列完全一致。半定量RT-PCR结果显示,Ro60在耐药胃癌细胞系SGC7901/ADR中的表达强度显著高于药敏胃癌细胞系SGC7901细胞中的表达强度,P<0.01。结论:Ro60在耐药胃癌细胞系中高表达,该分子可能是一种胃癌多药耐药相关分子。     

KLF8在缺氧诱导胃癌细胞多药耐药中的作用

目的:探讨KLF8（Kruppel-like factor 8）在缺氧诱导胃癌细胞多药耐药表型中的作用。方法:利用Western blot和实时定量PCR的方法检测三株胃癌细胞系MKN28、MKN45、SGC7901在常氧及缺氧条件下KLF8的表达水平。Western blot和实时定量PCR检测胃癌耐药细胞系SGC7901/VCR、SGC7901/ADR和亲本细胞系SGC7901中KLF8的表达水平。构建KLF8正义表达载体及KLF8小干扰RNA的慢病毒载体,将其转染入实验细胞中,用Western blot和实时定量PCR的方法检测KLF8表达量的变化。MTT、Annexin V/PI染色法及阿霉素蓄积量与潴留实验检测KLF8在缺氧诱导胃癌细胞多药耐药表型中的作用。结果:缺氧可诱导胃癌细胞系MKN28、MKN45、SGC7901中KLF8的表达升高。与胃癌亲本细胞系相比,KLF8在胃癌耐药细胞系中的表达升高,并且在SGC7901/VCR细胞中表达升高的更为明显。外源性转染KLF8后可显著增加胃癌细胞中KLF8的表达量,KLF8小干扰RNA可有效降低常氧及缺氧条件下胃癌细胞中KLF8的表达。常氧条件下,外源性转染KLF8的正义表达载体可增加胃癌细胞对不同化疗药物的耐受性,降低化疗药物诱导的胃癌细胞凋亡指数,同时可增加细胞内阿霉素的泵出率。缺氧条件下,KLF8小干扰RNA能够逆转胃癌细胞中上述现象的发生。结论:初步实验结果发现了一个新的缺氧反应分子-KLF8。表型试验证实该分子在缺氧诱导胃癌多药耐药中发挥作用。     

下调CACNA2D1对胃癌耐药细胞系SGC7901/ADR药物敏感性的影响

目的:探讨下调CACNA2D1对胃癌耐药性细胞系SGC7901/ADR耐药的影响。方法:采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)的方法检测16对胃癌及癌旁组织以及胃癌细胞系SGC7901和SGC7901/ADR中的CACNA2D1 的mRNA表达水平;蛋白免疫印迹技术（Western blot）检测CACNA2D1的蛋白表达情况;MTT法检测SGC7901、SGC7901/ADR及转染CACNA2D1 siRNA后SGC7901/ADR的IC50值;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡。结果:qRT-PCR结果显示:CACNA2D1在胃癌组织中的表达明显高于癌旁组织(P＜0.01);CACNA2D1在耐药细胞系SGC7901/ADR中的表达明显高于其亲本细胞系SGC7901(P＜0.01)。蛋白免疫印迹技术结果显示相对于转染CACNA2D1 negative control（NC）组,转染CACNA2D1 siRNA组的胃癌细胞CACNA2D1表达降低;MTT结果显示细胞系SGC7901与SGC7901/ADR的阿霉素半数抑制浓度（IC50）分别为（1.3±0.6）μg/ml与（5.5±0.45）μg/ml;SGC7901/ADR转染CACNA2D1 siRNA后对阿霉素的IC50明显下降。流式细胞术检测凋亡结果显示,CACNA2D1的表达下调后,SGC7901/ADR细胞的凋亡比明显增加。 结论:CACNA2D1能够促进胃癌SGC7901/ADR细胞系产生多药耐药。     

下调PHLDB3对胃癌耐药细胞系SGC7901/ADR药物敏感性的影响

目的:探讨下调PHLDB3对胃癌耐药细胞系 SGC7901/ADR 药物敏感性的影响。方法:采用实时定量聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）和蛋白免疫印迹技术（Western blot）的方法检测胃癌及癌旁正常组织中PHLDB3的表达（分别是20对和10对）;qRT-PCR和Western blot检测PHLDB3在胃癌细胞系 SGC7901以及胃癌耐药细胞系SGC7901/ADR和SGC7901/VCR中的表达;MTT法检测SGC7901、SGC7901/ADR及转染PHLDB3 siRNA后 SGC7901/ADR的半数抑制浓度（IC50）值;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡。结果:qRT-PCR和Western blot结果显示:PHLDB3在胃癌组织中的表达明显高于癌旁正常组织（P<0.000 1）;PHLDB3在耐药细胞系SGC7901/ADR和SGC7901/VCR中的表达明显高于其亲本细胞系SGC7901（P<0.000 1和P<0.05）。Western blot结果显示:相对于转染 PHLDB3 negative control（NC）组,转染 PHLDB3 siRNA组的SGC7901/ADR细胞中PHLDB3的表达降低（P<0.005）。MTT结果显示:SGC7901与 SGC7901/ADR的IC50值分别为（1.5±0.1） μg/ml与（5.5±0.2） μg/ml（P<0.000 1）;SGC7901/ADR 转染 PHLDB3 siRNA 后对顺铂的IC50值明显下降（P<0.05）。流式细胞术（flow cytometry,FCM）检测凋亡,结果显示:下调PHLDB3的表达后,SGC7901/ADR细胞的凋亡率明显增加（P<0.05）。结论:PHLDB3能够促进胃癌细胞系 SGC7901/ADR产生多药耐药。     

MicroRNA let - 7f 对胃癌细胞株 SGC7901 / ADR 耐药性的影响

目的：通过检测胃癌细胞株SGC7901及其阿霉素耐药细胞株SGC7901/ADR中microRNA let-7f的表达差异,探讨let-7f表达与胃癌细胞对ADR耐药的关系.方法：通过实时荧光定量PCR比较SGC7901/ADR与SGC7901两种细胞中 let-7f表达水平的差异;MTT法检测SGC7901,SGC7901/ADR及转染let-7f mimic后SGC7901/ADR的药物敏感性;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡;Western Blot检测凋亡相关分子Bcl-2和Caspase-3蛋白表达情况.结果：qRT-PCR结果显示,let-7f在SGC7901/ADR细胞中的表达较在SGC7901中的表达显著降低（ P＜0.05）.MTT法结果显示SGC7901与SGC7901/ADR两种细胞阿霉素的半数抑制浓度（IC50）分别为（0.95 ±0.08）g/L和（5.40 ±0.28）g/L.SGC7901/ADR细胞转染let-7f mimic后,let-7f表达显著上调,并且对阿霉素的IC50明显降低（ P＜0.05）.凋亡检测结果显示,转染let-7f mimic后,SGC7901/ADR细胞凋亡率明显增加（ P＜0.05）.Western Blot结果表明相较于转染let-7f negative control（NC）组,转染let-7f mimic组cleaved-Caspase-3表达显著降低（P＜0.05）,而两组中的Bcl-2表达水平无差异.结论：let-7f在胃癌阿霉素耐药细胞株SGC7901/ADR中的表达显著降低,逆转let-7f表达可增加其对阿霉素敏感性,并诱导其凋亡.     

Regulation of multidrug resistance by ribosomal protein l6 in gastric cancer cells

Ribosomal proteins (RP) L6 was previously identified as an up-regulated gene in multidrug-resistant gastric cancer cells SGC7901/ADR comparing to its parental cells SGC7901 by subtractive hybridization. The aim of this study was to explore the roles of RPL6 in multidrug resistance (MDR) in gastric cancer cells. Northern and Western blot analysis confirmed that RPL6 was overexpressed in SGC7901/ADR cells. By gene transfection, RPL6 was genetically upregulated in SGC7901 or down-regulated in SGC7901/ ADR cells. Upregulation of RPL6 was associated with enhanced resistance to multiple anticancer drugs (adriamycin, vincristine, etoposide, 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin) and to adriamycin-induced apoptosis. Downregulation of RPL6 reversed MDR and sensitized cells to adriamycin-induced apoptosis. Alteration of RPL6 showed no obvious influence on intracellular adriamycin accumulation, glutathione content and expression of glutathione S-transferase. RPL6 could upregulate Bcl-2 and downregulate Bax in cells. Together, this work demonstrates that RPL6 could regulate MDR in gastric cancer cells by suppressing drug-induced apoptosis.     

Midkine confers Adriamycin resistance in human gastric cancer cells

Midkine (MDK) is a heparin-binding molecule involved in the regulation of growth and differentiation during embryogenesis, which is overexpressed in most of human malignant tumors and may act as an oncoprotein. The aim of the current study was to investigate the mechanism of MDK involved in the Adriamycin (ADR) resistance in human gastric cancer cells in vitro. We found that Adriamycin-resistant SGC7901 (SGC7901/ADR) exhibited 58.6-fold greater resistance to ADR compared with Adriamycin-sensitive SGC7901 cell line. MDK mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly higher in SGC7901/ADR than in SGC7901. To gain a deeper insight into the role of MDK in SGC7901/ADR, we stably transfected Adriamycin-sensitive SGC7901 with viral vector expressing MDK. Our result showed that multidrug resistance type I (MDR1) was found in SGC7901/ADR, not in SGC7901 by RT-PCR regardless of MDK transfection. P-Glycoprotein, which is the MDR1-coded protein, was found in SGC7901/ADR, not in SGC7901 by Western blot regardless of MDK transfection. We investigated whether an activation of the tyrosine kinase pathway would change the drug resistance phenotype with MDK transfection. Western blot results showed the upregulation of phosphorylated protein kinase B (AKT) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) in Adriamycin-sensitive SGC7901 cell by MDK transfection accompanied with drug resistance to ADR, although the level of AKT and ERK protein expression did not change, so our results suggested that MDK, which can activate AKT and ERK by phosphorylation, induced the Adriamycin resistance in gastric cancer cells. Understanding the molecular mechanisms, driving MDK-induced ADR resistance, will provide benefits in developing new therapies for gastric cancer.     

Overexpression of ZNRD1 promotes multidrug-resistant phenotype of gastric cancer cells through upregulation of P-glycoprotein

ZNRD1, a new zinc ribbon gene, has been previously identified as an upregulated gene in a multidrug-resistant gastric cancer cell line SGC7901/VCR comparing to its parental cell SGC7901 by subtractive hybridization and RT-PCR. The antisense nucleic acid for ZNRD1 could enhance adriamycin accumulation in SGC7901/VCR cells and sensitize SGC7901/VCR cells to vincristine. The present study aims to explore the role of ZNRD1 in multidrug resistance in gastric cancer cells. Upregulation of ZNRD1 protein in SGC7901/VCR cells was confirmed by Western blot and immunocytochmical staining. ZNRD1 was genetically overexpressed in SGC7901 cells by gene transfection. It was found that overexpression of ZNRD1 could sensitize SGC7901 cells to P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-related anticancer drugs (vincristine, adriamycin, etoposide) but not to P-gp-nonrelated drugs (5-fluorouracil and cisplatin), which was accompanied with significantly decreased adriamycin accumulation and retention and increased adriamycin releasing in SGC7901 cells. Verapamil, an inhibitor for P-gp, could reverse the effects of ZNRD1 on drug sensitivity and drug accumulation in SGC7901 cells to a great extent. Western blot and Northern blot revealed that overexpression of ZNRD1 could upregulate P-gp at both protein and mRNA levels. Together, these results suggest that overexpression of ZNRD1 could promote multidrug-resistant phenotype of gastric cancer cells through upregulation of P-gp.